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  • Ecological Society of America  (2)
  • University of Chicago Press  (1)
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  • 1
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    Ecological Society of America
    In:  Ecology, 65 (2). pp. 370-381.
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-17
    Beschreibung: Experimental removal of the introduced herbivorous snail Littorina littorea from a protected New England rocky beach resulted in rapid habitat and community changes. At normal snail densities, L. littorea grazing bulldozes sediments from hard substrate and precludes the presence of an algal canopy. Snail removal resulted in rapid sediment accumulation and the development of an algal canopy, which accelerated sedimentation and bound sediment to hard substrate. These changes led to the increased success of organisms characteristic of soft—sediment habitats, such as polychaetes, tubiculous amphipods, mud crabs, and mud snails, and decreased success of organisms characteristic of hard—substrate habitats, such as barnacles and encrusting algae. Snail removal also significantly influenced the success of the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora. L. littorea consumes the shoots and rhizomes of marsh grass, as well as mediating sediment accumulation, which is necessary for vegetative expansion of root mat. Removal of L. littorea resulted in expansion of the littoral area dominated by S. alterniflora, as well as increased productivity of the marsh grass. These results suggest that the North American invasion of the European periwinkle has altered habitats and communities in protected littoral waters. Prior to the introduction of L. littorea, soft—bottomed littoral habitats and fringing salt marsh environments may have been more common that they are presently. Herbivorous snails in general may have an important habitat—modifying effect in protected marine communities that has not been appreciated previously.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    University of Chicago Press
    In:  The American Naturalist, 117 (5). pp. 754-773.
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-20
    Beschreibung: The reproductive ecology of three sympatric hermit crab species from the Bay of Panama is examined. All three species reveal patterns of size and reproduction mediated by their supply of shells. Shells are demonstrated to be in limited supply. Crabs with shells large enough to allow growth, put effort into growth at the expense of reducing reproductive expenditures, while crabs in shells too small to permit growth allocate more time and effort into immediate reproductive gains. This resource regulated trade-off between growth and reproduction gives these tropical crabs plasticity in important life-history traits. Crabs with a relatively poor supply of shells reproduce at smaller sizes, reproduce more frequently, have larger clutches, and are unable to reach the larger sizes of crabs with a less limiting supply of shells. This flexibility in life-history traits allows these crabs to tailor their reproductive schedules to resource supplies controlled by gastropod mortality, as well as the presence of competitors and predators.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-27
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology (2019): e02863, doi:10.1002/ecy.2863.
    Beschreibung: In 2014, a DNA‐based phylogenetic study confirming the paraphyly of the grass subtribe Sporobolinae proposed the creation of a large monophyletic genus Sporobolus, including (among others) species previously included in the genera Spartina, Calamovilfa, and Sporobolus. Spartina species have contributed substantially (and continue contributing) to our knowledge in multiple disciplines, including ecology, evolutionary biology, molecular biology, biogeography, experimental ecology, biological invasions, environmental management, restoration ecology, history, economics, and sociology. There is no rationale so compelling to subsume the name Spartina as a subgenus that could rival the striking, global iconic history and use of the name Spartina for over 200 yr. We do not agree with the subjective arguments underlying the proposal to change Spartina to Sporobolus. We understand the importance of both the objective phylogenetic insights and of the subjective formalized nomenclature and hope that by opening this debate we will encourage positive feedback that will strengthen taxonomic decisions with an interdisciplinary perspective. We consider that the strongly distinct, monophyletic clade Spartina should simply and efficiently be treated as the genus Spartina.
    Beschreibung: We are grateful to the many colleagues, students and eight anonymous expert taxonomists from Argentina, United States, Spain, UK, and Uruguay for sharing their opinions, perspectives, and ideas, improving our reasoning and encouraging us to initiate this debate. The authors’ positions are personal, and do not necessarily reflect the organizations or networks they represent or with which they are affiliated. We are also deeply grateful to two anonymous reviewers as well as to the Editor‐in‐Chief Don Strong who supplied excellent insight that truly improved our work.
    Schlagwort(e): Botanical nomenclature ; Coastal ecology ; Cordgrass ; Integrative analysis ; Interdisciplinary decisions ; Salt marsh
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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