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  • 2010-2014  (45)
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  • 1
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    Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the Shelves to Deep Basins (2014)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 9 (4). e95839.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-09
    Description: Anthropogenic litter is present in all marine habitats, from beaches to the most remote points in the oceans. On the seafloor, marine litter, particularly plastic, can accumulate in high densities with deleterious consequences for its inhabitants. Yet, because of the high cost involved with sampling the seafloor, no large-scale assessment of distribution patterns was available to date. Here, we present data on litter distribution and density collected during 588 video and trawl surveys across 32 sites in European waters. We found litter to be present in the deepest areas and at locations as remote from land as the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The highest litter density occurs in submarine canyons, whilst the lowest density can be found on continental shelves and on ocean ridges. Plastic was the most prevalent litter item found on the seafloor. Litter from fishing activities (derelict fishing lines and nets) was particularly common on seamounts, banks, mounds and ocean ridges. Our results highlight the extent of the problem and the need for action to prevent increasing accumulation of litter in marine environments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095839
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Semi-Automated Image Analysis for the Assessment of Megafaunal Densities at the Arctic Deep-Sea Observatory HAUSGARTEN (2012)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 7 (6). e38179.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-18
    Description: Megafauna play an important role in benthic ecosystem function and are sensitive indicators of environmental change. Non-invasive monitoring of benthic communities can be accomplished by seafloor imaging. However, manual quantification of megafauna in images is labor-intensive and therefore, this organism size class is often neglected in ecosystem studies. Automated image analysis has been proposed as a possible approach to such analysis, but the heterogeneity of megafaunal communities poses a non-trivial challenge for such automated techniques. Here, the potential of a generalized object detection architecture, referred to as iSIS (intelligent Screening of underwater Image Sequences), for the quantification of a heterogenous group of megafauna taxa is investigated. The iSIS system is tuned for a particular image sequence (i.e. a transect) using a small subset of the images, in which megafauna taxa positions were previously marked by an expert. To investigate the potential of iSIS and compare its results with those obtained from human experts, a group of eight different taxa from one camera transect of seafloor images taken at the Arctic deep-sea observatory HAUSGARTEN is used. The results show that inter-and intra-observer agreements of human experts exhibit considerable variation between the species, with a similar degree of variation apparent in the automatically derived results obtained by iSIS. Whilst some taxa (e. g. Bathycrinus stalks, Kolga hyalina, small white sea anemone) were well detected by iSIS (i.e. overall Sensitivity: 87%, overall Positive Predictive Value: 67%), some taxa such as the small sea cucumber Elpidia heckeri remain challenging, for both human observers and iSIS.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038179
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    (Table 2) Species density and composition of an inshore and offshore station in Kongsfjord, Svalbard (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bergmann, Melanie; Langwald, Nina; Ontrup, Jörg; Soltwedel, Thomas; Schewe, Ingo; Klages, Michael; Nattkemper, Tim W (2011): Megafaunal assemblages from two shelf stations west of Svalbard. Marine Biology Research, 7(6), 525-539, https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2010.535834
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Megafauna plays an important role in benthic ecosystems and contributes significantly to benthic biomass in the Arctic. The distribution is mostly studied using towed cameras. Here, we compare the megafauna from two sites located at different distances from the Kongsfjord: one station at the entrance to the fjord, another on the outer shelf. Although they are only located 25 km apart and at comparable depth, there were significant differences in their species composition. While the inshore station was characterized by shrimps (2.57 +/- 2.18 ind./m**2) and brittlestars (3.21 +/- 3.21 ind./m**2), the offshore site harboured even higher brittlestar densities (15.23 +/- 9.32 ind./m**2) and high numbers of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus pallidus (1.23 +/- 1.09 ind./m**2). Phytodetrital concentrations of the upper sediment centimetres were significantly higher inshore compared with offshore. At a smaller scale, there were also differences in the composition of different transect sections. Several taxa were characterized by a patchy distribution along transects. We conclude that these differences were caused primarily by habitat characteristics. The seafloor inshore was characterized by glacial soft sediments, whereas the station offshore harboured large quantities of stones. Although the use of a new web-2.0-based tool, BIIGLE (http://www.BIIGLE.de), allowed us to analyse more images (~90) than could have been achieved by hand, taxon area curves indicated that the number of images analysed was not sufficient to capture the species inventory fully. New automated image analysis tools would enable a rapid analysis of larger quantities of camera footage.
    Keywords: Actiniaria; Actiniaria, standard deviation; Actiniidae; Actinostolidae; Alcyonacea; Alcyonacea, standard deviation; Amblyraja radiata; Amblyraja radiata, standard deviation; Amphicteis gunneri; Amphipoda; Amphipoda, standard deviation; Anarhichas minor; Anarhichas minor, standard deviation; Anobothrus gracilis; Anthozoa; Anthozoa, standard deviation; Area/locality; Aristias tumidus; ARK-XXIII/2; Arrhis phyllonyx; Artacama proboscidea; Artediellus atlanticus; Artemisina apollinis; Artemisina apollinis, standard deviation; Ascidiacea; Ascidiacea, standard deviation; Astarte montagui; Asteroidea; Asteroidea, standard deviation; AWI; Brada granulosa; Brada inhabilis; Branchiomma sp.; Bylgides elegans; Bylgides groenlandicus; Capitella capitata; Caridea; Caridea, standard deviation; Ceriantharia; Ceriantharia, standard deviation; Chaetozone spp.; Chirimia biceps; Chlamys islandica; Chone sp.; Ciliatocardium ciliatum; Cirratulus sp.; Colossendeis proboscidea; Colossendeis proboscidea, standard deviation; Colus sabini; Coryphella salmonacea; Crossaster papposus; Crossaster papposus, standard deviation; Crustacea; Crustacea, standard deviation; Cryptonatica affinis; Ctenodiscus crispatus; Cylichna sp.; Dendrobeania cf. fruticosa; Eteone flava; Eteone foliosa; Eunoe nodosa; Euphrosine sp.; Eupyrgus scaber; Event label; Frigidoalvania janmayeni; Gadus morhua; Gadus morhua, standard deviation; Gastropoda; Gastropoda, standard deviation; Gattyana cirrhosa; Gersemia rubiformis; Gersemia rubiformis, standard deviation; Golfingia margaritacea; Gymnelus sp.; Halecium muricatum; Halecium scutum; Halirages fulvocincta; Haploops sp.; Harmothoe sp.; Henricia perforata; Heteromastus filiformis; Hiatella sp.; Hippoglossoides platessoides; Hippoglossoides platessoides, standard deviation; Hormathia digitata; Hormathia nodosa; Hyas spp.; Hyas spp., standard deviation; Icasterias panopla; Icasterias panopla, standard deviation; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Jasmineira cf. schaudinni; Laonice cf. cirrata; Laonice sp.; Leitoscoloplos mammosus; Lepeta caeca; Leptochiton sp.; Lumbrinereidae; Lumpenus lampretaeformis; Lumpenus lampretaeformis, standard deviation; Lycodes gracilis; Lysippe labiata; Maldane cf. arctica; Maldane sarsi; Maldanidae; Method comment; MF; Microcionidae; Multi frame; Munnopsis typica; Myriapora coarctata; Myriapora coarctata, standard deviation; Myriochele cf. oculata; Myriochele heeri; Myxilla sp.; Nemertea; Neoamphitrite affinis; Nephasoma diaphanes; Nephtys ciliata; Neptunea despecta; Nicomache lumbricalis; Nothria conchylega; Nuculana pernula; Nymphon hirtipes; Oedicerotidae; Oenopota sp.; OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis; Ophiacantha bidentata; Ophiopholis aculeata; Ophiura robusta; Ophiura sarsi; Ophiuroidea; Ophiuroidea, standard deviation; Pandalus sp.; Paramphithoe hystrix; Pedicellaster typicus; Phascolion strombi; Pherusa sp.; Philine finmarchica; Pholoe cf. assimilis; Phoxocephalus holbolli; Pisces; Pisces, standard deviation; Polarstern; Polynoidae; Porifera; Porifera, standard deviation; Praxillura longissima; Prionospio sp.; PS72; PS72/106-4; PS72/107-4; Pteraster cf. pulvillus; Sabellidae; Sclerocrangon sp.; Scoletoma fragilis; Sepiolidae; Serpulidae; Serpulidae, standard deviation; Similipecten greenlandicus; Solariella obscura; Spiochaetopterus typicus; Spiophanes kroeyeri; Stegocephalopsis ampulla; Stegopoma plicatile; Strongylocentrotus pallidus; Strongylocentrotus pallidus, standard deviation; Syllis cornuta; Tachyrhynchus reticulatus; Tedania suctoria; Terebellides sp.; Themisto sp.; Volutopsius norwegicus; Yoldiella propinqua; Yoldiella solidula; Zoarcidae; Zoarcidae, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 392 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    (Table 2) Megafauna density 2002, 2004 and 2007 in the deep-sea observatory AWI-HAUSGARTEN, Fram Strait (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bergmann, Melanie; Soltwedel, Thomas; Klages, Michael (2011): The interannual variability of megafaunal assemblages in the Arctic deep sea: Preliminary results from the HAUSGARTEN observatory (79°N). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 58(6), 711-723, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.03.007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Although megafaunal organisms play an important role in deep benthic ecosystems and contribute significantly to benthic biomass in the Arctic little is known about their temporal dynamics. Here, we assessed the interannual dynamics of megafaunal organisms from the HAUSGARTEN observatory in the Fram Strait, an area where the effects of climatic forcing are particularly evident. We analysed three congruent camera transects taken in 2002, 2004 and 2007. Environmental parameters were measured in order to be able to put our faunal results into an environmental context. Our results indicate that although the densities of megafaunal species show different patterns over time, most exhibit an overall decrease between 2002 and 2007 and total megafaunal densities decreased regularly from 2002 to 2004 to 2007 (12.16 +/- 0.96 to 7.41 +/- 0.43 ind/m**2). This concurs with a steady increase in bottom-water temperatures and a decrease in the total organic content and microbial biomass of surficial sediments at the same time period. Although suspension feeder densities also decreased, predator/scavenger and deposit feeder densities have declined to such an extent that suspension feeders accounted for almost 100% of the megafauna in 2007. It could thus be argued that the trophic diversity at the central HAUSGARTEN station (2500 m) has decreased. Temperature-related changes in the production of the surface layers may lead to changes in the quality and/or quantity of particles exported to the deep seafloor. The densities of deposit feeders (i.e. holothurians) peaked (1.14 +/- 0.13 ind/m**2) in 2004, the year following the longest ice cover. These results indicate the importance of ice-related export of particles to the deep seafloor and highlight the need for time-series transects, especially in an era when productive marginal ice zones tend to disappear with the receding sea ice. Although there is a general consensus that the Arctic is in a transition towards a warmer state, only continued observation will allow us to assess if the interannual changes observed are a result of decadal cycles related to the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillation or if they are indicators of long-term change.
    Keywords: Actiniaria; Actiniaria, standard deviation; Amphipoda; Amphipoda, standard deviation; ARK-XVIII/1; ARK-XX/1; ARK-XXII/1c; Ascorhynchus abyssi; Ascorhynchus abyssi, standard deviation; Asteroidea; Asteroidea, standard deviation; Bathycrinus carpenterii; Bathycrinus carpenterii, standard deviation; Bathycrinus spp.; Bathycrinus spp., standard deviation; Bathyphellia margaritacea; Bathyphellia margaritacea, standard deviation; Burrows; Bythocaris spp.; Bythocaris spp., standard deviation; Caulophacus arcticus; Caulophacus arcticus, standard deviation; Cladorhiza gelida; Cladorhiza gelida, standard deviation; Comatulida; Comatulida, standard deviation; Crustacea; Crustacea, standard deviation; Crustacea indeterminata; Deposit feeder abundance; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Diversity; Elpidia heckeri; Elpidia heckeri, standard deviation; Evenness of species; Event label; Gastropoda; Gastropoda, standard deviation; Gersemia fruticosa; Gersemia fruticosa, standard deviation; Hymenaster pellucidus; Hymenaster pellucidus, standard deviation; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Isopoda; Isopoda, standard deviation; Kolga hyalina; Kolga hyalina, standard deviation; Lycodes frigidus; Lycodes frigidus, standard deviation; Megafauna, standard deviation; Megafauna abundance; Mohnia spp.; Mohnia spp., standard deviation; Nemertea; Nemertea, standard deviation; North Greenland Sea; Ocean Floor Observation System; OFOS; OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis; Polarstern; Porifera; Porifera, standard deviation; Porifera indeterminata; Pourtalesia jeffreysi; Pourtalesia jeffreysi, standard deviation; Predator abundance; PS62; PS62/161-3; PS66; PS66/120-1; PS70; PS70/170-1; Saduria megalura; Saduria megalura, standard deviation; Sampling date; Standard deviation; Stones; Suspension feeder abundance; Verum striolatum; Verum striolatum, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 219 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Use of BIIGLE and iSIS to analyse time-series image data from the HAUSGARTEN observatory (2014)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Imaging Workshop, Southampton, 2014-04-07-2014-04-10
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
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    From mid to high latitudes: marine litter research at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) (2013)
    In:  EPIC3International Conference on Prevention and Management of marine Litter in European Seas, Berlin, 2013-04-10-2013-04-12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Colonisation of hard substrata along a channel system in the deep Greenland Sea (2010)
    In:  EPIC3Polar biology., ISBN: 0722-4060 (Print) 1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    HAUSGARTEN The Arctic deep-sea long-term observatory (2010)
    In:  EPIC3EuroSITES 2nd Annual Meeting, Trieste, Italien.04.2010., 21
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
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    Megafaunal assemblages from two shelf stations west of Svalbard (2011)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology Research 7(6), pp. 588-602
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    Observing microbial biodiversity shifts related to Climate Change in the Arctic Ocean (2010)
    In:  EPIC3ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico.-18.02.2011., 13
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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