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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species differences in induction of hepatic enzymes by BM 17.0744, an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 73 (1999), S. 440-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words BM 17.0744 ; β-Oxidation pathway ; Peroxisomes ; Peroxisome proliferators ; Species differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract BM 17.0744, a new anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering agent, leads also to strong hepatomegaly and carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) increase in the liver of rats, a phenomenon known from fibrates. For information on the relevance of changes in liver of rats to other species, we investigated the effects of BM 17.0744 on lipids and selected marker enzymes related to β-oxidation in rats, dogs and guinea-pigs, so-called high and low responders to peroxisome proliferators. To examine selectivity other enzymes were also determined, e.g. esterase, urate oxidase (UOX) and cytochrome c oxidase (CYT.C.OX.). Lowering of triglycerides and cholesterol in blood serum and/or liver was observed in pharmacological dose range in the three species tested. In dogs and guinea-pigs, liver and kidney weights were unaffected even in dogs in medium and high dose groups with high systemic exposure and severe toxicity. In male Sprague-Dawley rats treatment with 1.5, 3, 6 and 12.5 mg/kg per day BM 17.0744 selectively elevated the activities of CAT and acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) by ≤200 and 20-fold, respectively. Administration of BM 17.0744 to Beagle dogs (1.5, 4, 12 mg/kg per day) and guinea-pigs (3 and 12 mg/kg per day) enhanced the activities of CAT and AOX dose-dependently by a factor of two to three only. Immunoblotting revealed a drug-specific enhancement of the amount of β-oxidation enzymes in rats, which is in accord with the rapid and coordinated transcriptional activation shown in Northern dot blot analysis. Nuclear run-on assays demostrated a real transcriptional activation. BM 17.0744 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which could be shown by transactivation assays. The stimulation of PPARα by BM 17.0744 was stronger than that of the known ligands WY 14.643 and ETYA. Activation of PPARγ can be excluded. Taken collectively, the data demonstrate an enhancement of the β-oxidation system by BM 17.0744 paralleled by lipid-lowering in all species investigated. The activation of the nuclear factor PPARα may explain the changes in liver and the metabolic effects on the molecular level. The lack of an increase in liver and kidney weights and the relatively moderate enhancement of activities of β-oxidation-related enzymes in dogs and guinea-pigs indicate that the excessive response observed in rats is not applicable to other, predominantly non-rodent, species. On the basis of these data and the experience with fibrates a specific risk for humans is not expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050633
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Complications by BM 17.0744 (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Cardiovascular drug reviews 17 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1527-3466
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3466.1999.tb00018.x
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  • 3
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    Natural variability or anthropogenically-induced variation? Insights from 15 years of multidisciplinary observations at the arctic marine LTER site HAUSGARTEN (2016)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ecological Indicators, 65 . pp. 89-102.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Time-series studies of arctic marine ecosystems are rare. This is not surprising since polar regions are largely only accessible by means of expensive modern infrastructure and instrumentation. In 1999, the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) established the LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) observatory HAUSGARTEN crossing the Fram Strait at about 79° N. Multidisciplinary investigations covering all parts of the open-ocean ecosystem are carried out at a total of 21 permanent sampling sites in water depths ranging between 250 and 5500 m. From the outset, repeated sampling in the water column and at the deep seafloor during regular expeditions in summer months was complemented by continuous year-round sampling and sensing using autonomous instruments in anchored devices (i.e., moorings and free-falling systems). The central HAUSGARTEN station at 2500 m water depth in the eastern Fram Strait serves as an experimental area for unique biological in situ experiments at the seafloor, simulating various scenarios in changing environmental settings. Long-term ecological research at the HAUSGARTEN observatory revealed a number of interesting temporal trends in numerous biological variables from the pelagic system to the deep seafloor. Contrary to common intuition, the entire ecosystem responded exceptionally fast to environmental changes in the upper water column. Major variations were associated with a Warm-Water-Anomaly evident in surface waters in eastern parts of the Fram Strait between 2005 and 2008. However, even after 15 years of intense time-series work at HAUSGARTEN, we cannot yet predict with complete certainty whether these trends indicate lasting alterations due to anthropologically-induced global environmental changes of the system, or whether they reflect natural variability on multiyear time-scales, for example, in relation to decadal oscillatory atmospheric processes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.001
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Use of BIIGLE and iSIS to analyse time-series image data from the HAUSGARTEN observatory (2014)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Imaging Workshop, Southampton, 2014-04-07-2014-04-10
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 5
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    Recruitment and growth of Arctic deep-sea invertebrates in a long-term (18-year) colonization experiment at the HAUSGARTEN observatory (Fram Strait, Arctic Ocean) (2018)
    In:  EPIC315th Deep-Sea Biology Symposium
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-12
    Description: The early life-history stages of deep-sea invertebrates are understudied, particularly in polar regions. It is especially difficult to estimate growth rates for species which may grow just millimeters per year and are, therefore, difficult to monitor in situ. A long-term (1999 – 2017) colonization experiment at the LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) observatory HAUSGARTEN in the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean) provides valuable insights into the recruitment and growth of polar deep-sea invertebrates, and how these processes are influenced by environmental factors. After 18 years on the Svalbard continental slope (79⁰ N, 04° E, 2500 m water depth), panels were colonized by 13 metazoan species as well as calcareous and agglutinating foraminiferans. Significant differences in the community composition and abundance of recruits on panels made from different materials (i.e. stone, plastic), at different altitudes off bottom, and at different angles to the predominant bottom current reveal species-specific microhabitat preferences of the recruits. We calculated maximum growth rates for two common species, the crinoid Bathycrinus carpenterii and the sponge Cladorhiza gelida, and used these rates to calculate the ages for most recruits. In years with higher estimated recruitment, there was a predominantly westerly bottom current (average bearing 270 – 280⁰), which might indicate that a densely-populated rocky reef located at similar water depths to the east of the experimental site may have served as a source population.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 6
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    Recruitment of Arctic deep-sea invertebrates: results from a long-term hard-substrate colonization experiment at the LTER observatory HAUSGARTEN (2019)
    AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-21
    Description: The early life-history stages of polar marine invertebrates are understudied, particularly in deep water. We present the results from a long-term (1999 – 2017) colonization experiment at the LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) observatory HAUSGARTEN in the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean, 79⁰ N, 04⁰ E, 2500 m water depth). Recruitment panels were constructed from plastic and brick and deployed attached to a metal frame in 1999. The experiment was monitored using an ROV in 2003 and 2011 and recovered in 2017. Recruitment was very low, with only foraminiferans being visible after 4 years (2003) and one metazoan species, the hydroid Halisiphonia arctica, being visible on the panels after 12 years (2011). After 18 years underwater, panels were colonized by 13 metazoan species as well as calcareous and agglutinating foraminiferans. Recruitment was higher on brick panels than on plastic, but while some species were more common on panels at higher altitude (H. arctica and the crinoid Bathycrinus carpenterii), others were more common on panels closer to the seafloor (serpulid polychaetes, agglutinating foraminifera) or on panels in line with the predominant bottom current (small round white sponge). The most common recruiting species can be described as opportunistic and are rare or absent in older communities on natural substrata nearby. Meanwhile, large hexactinellid sponges that are common in natural communities did not recruit to our panels. These results suggest that succession in the Arctic deep sea takes decades and involves early dominance by opportunistic species, with slower-growing, structureforming species appearing later on.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Natural variability or anthropogenically-induced variation? Insights from 15 years of multidisciplinary observations at the arctic marine LTER site HAUSGARTEN (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Time-series studies of arctic marine ecosystems are rare. This is not surprising since polar regions arelargely only accessible by means of expensive modern infrastructure and instrumentation. In 1999, theAlfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) established the LTER(Long-Term Ecological Research) observatory HAUSGARTEN crossing the Fram Strait at about 79◦N.Multidisciplinary investigations covering all parts of the open-ocean ecosystem are carried out at a totalof 21 permanent sampling sites in water depths ranging between 250 and 5500 m. From the outset,repeated sampling in the water column and at the deep seafloor during regular expeditions in summermonths was complemented by continuous year-round sampling and sensing using autonomous instru-ments in anchored devices (i.e., moorings and free-falling systems). The central HAUSGARTEN stationat 2500 m water depth in the eastern Fram Strait serves as an experimental area for unique biologicalin situ experiments at the seafloor, simulating various scenarios in changing environmental settings.Long-term ecological research at the HAUSGARTEN observatory revealed a number of interesting tem-poral trends in numerous biological variables from the pelagic system to the deep seafloor. Contrary tocommon intuition, the entire ecosystem responded exceptionally fast to environmental changes in theupper water column. Major variations were associated with a Warm-Water-Anomaly evident in sur-face waters in eastern parts of the Fram Strait between 2005 and 2008. However, even after 15 years ofintense time-series work at HAUSGARTEN, we cannot yet predict with complete certainty whether thesetrends indicate lasting alterations due to anthropologically-induced global environmental changes of thesystem, or whether they reflect natural variability on multiyear time-scales, for example, in relation todecadal oscillatory atmospheric processes.
    Keywords: HAUSGARTEN; Arctic Ocean; Deep sea; Natural variability; Anthropogenic impact ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 8
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    High biodiversity on a deep-water reef in the eastern Fram Strait (2014)
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    In:  EPIC3PLoS ONE, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 9(8), pp. e105424, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Description: We report on the distribution and abundance of megafauna on a deep-water rocky reef (1796–2373 m) in the Fram Strait, west of Svalbard. Biodiversity and population density are high, with a maximum average of 26.7±0.9 species m−2 and 418.1±49.6 individuals m−2 on the east side of the reef summit. These figures contrast with the surrounding abyssal plain fauna, with an average of only 18.1±1.4 species and 29.4±4.3 individuals m−2 (mean ± standard error). The east side of the reef summit, where the highest richness and density of fauna are found, faces into the predominant bottom current, which likely increases in speed to the summit and serves as a source of particulate food for the numerous suspension feeders present there. We conclude that the observed faunal distribution patterns could be the result of hydrodynamic patterns and food availability above and around the reef. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the distribution and diversity of benthic fauna on a rocky reef in deep water.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Interannual variation in the benthic megafauna at the shallowest station of the HAUSGARTEN observatory (79°N) (2012)
    In:  EPIC313th International Deep-Sea Biology Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand, 2012-12-03-2012-12-07
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
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    HAUSGARTEN: The Arctic Long-Term Deep Sea Observatory in eastern Fram Strait at 79°N/4°E - An overview and highlights from multidisciplinary research activities (2013)
    In:  EPIC3LTER-Europe Annual Conference, CNR, Rom, Italy, 2013-11-26-2013-11-29
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is quite vulnerable and sensitive to climatic changes and has received increasing attention in recent years because of the drastic decrease of sea ice cover and change in ice composition. The environmental changes are expected to have severe consequences for the structure of the pelagic system and trophic interactions, for the cycling of organic matter and carbon sequestering and thus will also affect the life at the seafloor. Long – term studies are rare in this region and no reliable baseline information exists from which change can be identified. Our work at HAUSGARTEN, offers the unique opportunity in making an important contribution to establish such a baseline, and to trace possible effects of global warming in this sensitive region of the Ocean. Multidisciplinary research activities at the observatory include yearly sampling and analyses in the water column and at the seafloor, and year round measurements by moored instruments (e.g. sediment traps, current meters, temperature- and oxygen sensors). Some of these instruments are also installed at platforms at the seafloor. Since the beginning of our investigations in 1999 we observed an abyssal warming, significant alterations in the species composition in the pelagic realm, a decrease in the quality of organic matter supply to the deep sea as well as considerable shifts in both, microbial and megafauna community composition at great water depths. In this presentation the mayor findings of our research in the area will be presented.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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