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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Conservation palaeobiology of marine ecosystems (2023)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Fossile Meerestiere ; Paläobiogeografie ; Artenreichtum ; Paläontologie ; Aufschluss ; Fundstätte ; Fossil ; Meeressediment ; Historische Geologie ; Geobiologie ; Palökologie ; Biodiversität ; Meeresökosystem ; Geologische Stätte ; Paläobiologie ; Umweltveränderung ; Auswirkung ; Historische Umweltforschung
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: vi, 402 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9781786205773
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication no. 529
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Trait-based approaches in rapidly changing ecosystems: A roadmap to the future polar oceans (2018)
    In:  EPIC3Ecological Indicators, 91, pp. 722-736, ISSN: 1470160X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-06
    Description: Polar marine regions are facing rapid changes induced by climate change, with consequences for local faunal populations, but also for overall ecosystem functioning, goods and services. Yet given the complexity of polar marine ecosystems, predicting the mode, direction and extent of these consequences remains challenging. Trait-based approaches are increasingly adopted as a tool by which to explore changes in functioning, but trait information is largely absent for the high latitudes. Some understanding of trait–function relationships can be gathered from studies at lower latitudes, but given the uniqueness of polar ecosystems it is questionable whether these relationships can be directly transferred. Here we discuss the challenges of using trait-based approaches in polar regions and present a roadmap of how to overcome them by following six interlinked steps: (1) forming an active, international research network, (2) standardizing terminology and methodology, (3) building and crosslinking trait databases, (4) conducting coordinated trait-function experiments, (5) implementing traits into models, and finally, (6) providing advice to management and stakeholders. The application of trait-based approaches in addition to traditional species-based methods will enable us to assess the effects of rapid ongoing changes on the functioning of marine polar ecosystems. Implementing our roadmap will make these approaches more easily accessible to a broad community of users and consequently aid understanding of the future polar oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Palaeontological evidence for community-level decrease in mesopelagic fish size during Pleistocene climate warming in the eastern Mediterranean (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-14
    Description: Abstract Mesopelagic fishes are an important element of marine food webs, a huge, still mostly untapped food resource, and great contributors to the biological carbon pump, whose future under climate change scenarios are unknown. The shrinking of commercial fishes within decades has been an alarming observation, but its causes remain contended. Here, we investigate the effect of warming climate on mesopelagic fish size in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during a glacial–interglacial–glacial transition of the Middle Pleistocene (marine isotope stages 20–18; 814–712 Kyr B.P.), which included a 4 °C increase of global seawater temperature. Our results based on fossil otoliths show that the median size of lanternfishes, one of the most abundant groups of mesopelagic fishes in fossil and modern assemblages, declined by ~35% with climate warming at the community level. However, individual mesopelagic species showed different and often opposing trends in size across the studied time interval, suggesting that climate warming in the interglacial resulted in an ecological shift toward increased relative abundance of smaller-sized mesopelagic fishes due to geographic and/or bathymetric distribution range shifts, and the size-dependent effects of warming.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 4
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    Palaeontological evidence for community-level decrease in mesopelagic fish size during Pleistocene climate warming in the eastern Mediterranean (2023)
    Royal Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: Abstract Mesopelagic fishes are an important element of marine food webs, a huge, still mostly untapped food resource, and great contributors to the biological carbon pump, whose future under climate change scenarios are unknown. The shrinking of commercial fishes within decades has been an alarming observation, but its causes remain contended. Here, we investigate the effect of warming climate on mesopelagic fish size in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during a glacial–interglacial–glacial transition of the Middle Pleistocene (marine isotope stages 20–18; 814–712 Kyr B.P.), which included a 4 °C increase of global seawater temperature. Our results based on fossil otoliths show that the median size of lanternfishes, one of the most abundant groups of mesopelagic fishes in fossil and modern assemblages, declined by ~35% with climate warming at the community level. However, individual mesopelagic species showed different and often opposing trends in size across the studied time interval, suggesting that climate warming in the interglacial resulted in an ecological shift toward increased relative abundance of smaller-sized mesopelagic fishes due to geographic and/or bathymetric distribution range shifts, and the size-dependent effects of warming.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: archive
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    DRILLING PREDATION IN MOLLUSKS FROM THE LOWER AND MIDDLE MIOCENE OF THE CENTRAL PARATETHYS (2011)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-01
    Description: Drilling predation is among the most studied biotic interactions in the fossil record, and its overall patterns are well established on Cenozoic mollusks from North America. Few studies have examined such predation in Europe, which experienced a different geologic history. This study aims to evaluate taxonomic and environmental effects on molluscan drilling intensities from the Miocene of the Central Paratethys using drill frequency (DF) and prey effectiveness (PE), a measure of prey's ability to survive predatory attacks. 166 bulk samples from Austria and Slovakia that included 39,234 whole shells from the Karpatian (upper Burdigalian) and Badenian (Langhian and lower Serravallian) showed that at the level of stages, environments and localities, DF and PE were always below 10% and were slightly higher in bivalves than gastropods. Predation intensities from the Central Paratethys are therefore distinctly lower than those of other Miocene seas and it is hypothesized that this is explained by the rarity of naticid and muricid gastropods in the study area. The underlying factors controlling abundances of these drilling predators in the Central Paratethys could be related to the complex paleogeographic history of this inland sea. Intertidal DFs and PEs increased temporally, but differences in sublittoral DFs were not significant and PE values decreased significantly. Temporal patterns in DF and PE are influenced by disparities in sampled environments between the lower and middle Miocene. In general, comparisons of DFs across environments within the Karpatian and Badenian yielded similar results using higher and lower taxa. In contrast, such comparisons of PE were dependent upon taxonomic resolution.
    Print ISSN: 0883-1351
    Electronic ISSN: 0883-1351
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
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    Miocene microflora and palaeoclimatic estimates of the Stetten section (Austria) (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kern, Andrea; Harzhauser, Mathias; Mandic, Oleg; Roetzel, Reinhard; Coric, Stjepan; Bruch, Angela A; Zuschin, Martin (2011): Millennial-scale vegetation dynamics in an estuary at the onset of the Miocene Climate Optimum. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 304(3-4), 247-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.07.014
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Pollen analyses have been proven to possess the possibility to decipher rapid vegetational and climate shifts in Neogene sedimentary records. Herein, a c. 21-kyr-long transgression-regression cycle from the Lower Austrian locality Stetten is analysed in detail to evaluate climatic benchmarks for the early phase of the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum and to estimate the pace of environmental change. Based on the Coexistence Approach, a very clear signal of seasonality can be reconstructed. A warm and wet summer season with c. 204-236 mm precipitation during the wettest month was opposed by a rather dry winter season with precipitation of c. 9-24 mm during the driest month. The mean annual temperature ranged between 15.7 and 20.8 °C, with about 9.6-13.3 °C during the cold season and 24.7-27.9 °C during the warmest month. In contrast, today's climate of this area, with an annual temperature of 9.8 °C and 660 mm rainfall, is characterized by the winter season (mean temperature: -1.4 °C, mean precipitation: 39 mm) and a summer mean temperature of 19.9 °C (mean precipitation: 84 mm). Different modes of environmental shifts shaped the composition of the vegetation. Within few millennia, marshes and salt marshes with abundant Cyperaceae rapidly graded into Taxodiaceae swamps. This quick but gradual process was interrupted by swift marine ingressions which took place on a decadal to centennial scale. The transgression is accompanied by blooms of dinoflagellates and of the green alga Prasinophyta and an increase in Abies and Picea. Afterwards, the retreat of the sea and the progradation of estuarine and wetland settings were a gradual progress again. Despite a clear sedimentological cyclicity, which is related to the 21-kyr precessional forcing, the climate data show little variation. This missing pattern might be due to the buffering of the precessional-related climate signal by the subtropical vegetation. Another explanation could be the method-inherent broad range of climate-parameter estimates that could cover small scale climatic changes.
    Keywords: Austria; NECLIME; Neogene Climate Evolution in Eurasia; Paleontological sampling; PALSAMP; SPK-C; Stetten_section
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    (Appendix A) Miocene palaeoclimatic estimates based on palynomorphs from Stetten section (Austria) (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Austria; Coexistence Approach (Mosbrugger, V & Utescher, T, 1997); NECLIME; Neogene Climate Evolution in Eurasia; Paleontological sampling; PALSAMP; Precipitation, annual mean, maximum; Precipitation, annual mean, minimum; Precipitation, warmest month, maximum; Precipitation, warmest month, minimum; Precipitation of the driest month maximum; Precipitation of the driest month minimum; Precipitation of the wettest month maximum; Precipitation of the wettest month minimum; Sample code/label; SPK-C; Stetten_section; Taxa analyzed; Temperature, annual mean, maximum; Temperature, annual mean, minimum; Temperature, coldest month, maximum; Temperature, coldest month, minimum; Temperature, warmest month, maximum; Temperature, warmest month, minimum
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 400 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Stable isotope ratios of a oyster Hyotissa hyotis from the northern Red Sea (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Titschack, Jürgen; Zuschin, Martin; Spötl, Christoph; Baal, C (2010): The giant oyster Hyotissa hyotis from the northern Red Sea as a decadal-scale archive for seasonal environmental fluctuations in coral reef habitats. Coral Reefs, 29(4), 1061-1075, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0665-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-12
    Description: This study explores the giant oyster Hyotissa hyotis as a novel environmental archive in tropical reef environments of the Indo-Pacific. The species is a typical accessory component in coral reefs, can reach sizes of tens of centimetres, and dates back to the Late Pleistocene. Here, a 70.2-mm-long oxygen and carbon isotope transect through the shell of a specimen collected at Safaga Bay, northern Red Sea, in May 1996, is presented. The transect runs perpendicularly to the foliate and vesicular layers of the inner ostracum near the ligament area of the oyster. The measured d18O and d13C records show sinusoidal fluctuations, which are independent of shell microstructure. The d13C fluctuations exhibit the same wavelength as the d18O fluctuations but are phase shifted. The d18O record reflects the sea surface temperature variations from 1957 until 1996, possibly additionally influenced by the local evaporation. Due to locally enhanced evaporation in the semi-enclosed Safaga Bay, the d18Oseawater value is estimated at 2.17 per mil, i.e., 0.3-0.8 per mil higher than published open surface water d18O values (1.36-1.85 per mil) from the region. The mean water temperature deviates by only 0.4°C from the expected value, and the minimum and maximum values are 0.5°C lower and 2.9°C higher, respectively. When comparing the mean monthly values, however, the sea surface temperature discrepancy between reconstructed and global grid datasets is always 〈1.0°C. The d13C signal is weakly negatively correlated with regional chlorophyll a concentration and with the sunshine duration, which may reflect changes in the bivalve's respiration. The study emphasises the palaeogeographic context in isotope studies based on fossils, because coastal embayments might not reflect open-water oceanographic conditions.
    Keywords: Age; AGE; Bay of Safaga; DISTANCE; Hyotissa_hyotis; Hyotissa hyotis, δ13C; Hyotissa hyotis, δ18O; Mass spectrometer DeltaPlusXL coupled to a Gasbench II; Number
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1032 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    (Table 1) Spores and pollen abundances of the Miocene Stetten section (Austria) (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Abies; Algae; Alnus; Amaranthaceae; Apiaceae; Araliaceae; Arecaceae; Artemisia; Asteraceae; Austria; Betula; Carpinus; Carya; Castanea; Cathaya; Celtis; Chenopodiaceae; Counting, palynology; Cyperaceae; Dinoflagellates; Elaeagnaceae; Engelhardtia; Ephedra; Ericaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Fagaceae; Fagus; Fraxinus; Ilex; Liquidambar; Lonicera; Loranthaceae; Lythraceae; Mastixiaceae; Myrica; NECLIME; Neogene Climate Evolution in Eurasia; Number of taxa; Nyssa; Oleaceae; Paleontological sampling; PALSAMP; Picea; Pinus; Platycarya; Poaceae; Pollen, angiosperms; Pollen, gymnosperms; Pterocarya; Quercus; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae; Salix; Sample code/label; Sapotaceae; Sciadopitys; Sparganium; SPK-C; Spores; Stetten_section; Symplocos; Taxodiaceae; Tiliaceae; Tricolporopollenites; Typha; Ulmus; Vitaceae; Zelkova
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1440 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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