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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Karger
    Keywords: Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Dermatology ; Allergy ; Immunology ; Otorhinolaryngology ; Pediatrics
    Description / Table of Contents: Today about 20–30 % of the population are affected by allergies, a concerning fact that is confirmed by recent epidemiological data. This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium ‘The Atopy Syndrome in the Third Millennium’ held in Zurich in October 1998. It focuses on IgE-mediated allergy, beginning from the first manifestation of atopy, atopic eczema in infancy, and leading to its manifestations in children, adolescents and adults, to hay fever, asthma and food allergy. The topics covered give an update and comprehensive review of the different atopic manifestations concerning clinic, diagnosis, pathomechanisms, treatment and prevention.Summarizing the current knowledge on the fascinating and rapidly progressing field of atopy this publication is essential reading for dermatologists, allergologist, otorhinolaryngologists, and pediatricians
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII + 212 S
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Karger eBooks Collection 1997-2009
    ISBN: 9783318002836
    Series Statement: Current problems in dermatology 28
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Allergie ; Krevetten ; Garnelen ; Meeresfrüchte ; Spezifische IgE-Antikörper ; Key words Allergy ; Crevettes ; Shrimps ; Seafood ; Specific IgE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Adverse reactions to seafood are common and may cause many types of symptoms that are difficult to define. The nature of these reactions are variable including allergic and toxic reactions as well as infectious diseases. The differentiation between these entities is essential in choosing therapy. We describe 9 patients with IgE mediated allergic reactions due to crustaceans and fish diagnosed from case history, clinical findings, skin tests and specific IgE antibodies. Most symptoms of a IgE mediated allergic reaction appear within 30 minutes after ingestion. Characteristic clinical features may include an urticarial rash, gastrointestinal symptoms and even anaphylaxis. In this case immediate therapy with intravenous glucocorticoids, antihistamine and perhaps subcutaneous epinephrine is required.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aufgrund von 9 Patienten mit allergischen Typ-1-Reaktionen, welche in der Allergiestation des Universitätsspitals Zürich abgeklärt wurden, werden die verschiedenen Formen der Krustazeen – assozierten Erkrankungen diskutiert. Häufige Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen beim Erwachsenen werden nach Verzehr von Meeresfrüchten und Fischen beobachtet, diese können allergischer, toxischer und infektiöser Genese sein. Eine Differenzierung dieser Erkrankungen ist bezüglich der sich anschließenden Therapie entscheidend. Im Vordergrund stehen der Häufigkeit nach die IgE-vermittelten Reaktionen. Wir empfehlen eine spezifische Abklärung des möglichen Allergens, um eine breitgestreute Allergenkarenz zu vermeiden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Protein contact dermatitis to meat is well known in butchers; spices are another source of potential contact allergy and usually are not recognized. We present a first case of contact-dermatitis to spice mix in a 39-year-old-butcher. The patient underwent skin prick testing (SPT) with standard allergens (ALK) and different meat and spice extracts (Stallergènes), scratch-patch testing with spice mix containing glutamate, paprika and other spices. Specific serum-IgE was measured with CAP-FEIA. SPT only showed an immediate-type sensitization to mugwort (+ +), as well as different spices (paprika +, curry +, cumin +) and camomile (+ + +). Scratch-patch tests were negative for different meat, but strongly positive for spice mix (+ + +) after 30 min (wheal and flare) and (+ +) after 48 h (infiltration and vesiculation). Two healthy controls were tested negative for spice mix used from that patient (scratch-patch). Specific IgE was slightly elevated for paprika 0.47 kU/L (CAP class 1), anise 0.43 kU/L, curry 0.36 kU/L and mugwort 3.83 kU/L. Sx1 atopy-multiscreen was 3.8 kU/L due to a sensitization to mugwort alone. The tests performed demonstrate an IgE-mediated contact allergy to spices but also a delayed type allergy to spice mix as a manifestation of the mugwort–spice syndrome in this individual. When testing for occupational dermatitis in butchers, protein contact allergy to spices must also be taken into consideration.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The primary aim of the study was to assess the validity of the ISAAC core questions on rhinitis in a population of Swiss school children by comparing them to skin prick test results. Second, the positive predictive value in detecting atopy among children with rhinitis symptoms was determined. Third, agreement between parental reports of hay fever and rhinitis symptoms was evaluated, since earlier Swiss prevalence surveys had exclusively relied on reported hay fever.Material and methods: Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-four (81. 2%) parents of 7, 10 and 14-year old children filled in an exhaustive questionnaire which included the ISAAC core questions on rhinitis. Two thousand one hundred and twenty children also underwent skin prick testing against six common aeroallergens (grass mixture, birch, mugwort, D. pteronyssinus, cat and dog dander). The analysis is restricted to children with both questionnaire data and skin prick test results.Results: Sensitization to any allergen was most strongly associated with reported hay fever (OR = 5. 7, 95% CI 4. 4—7. 4), nose problems accompanied by itchy-watery eyes (OR = 4. 4, 95% CI: 3. 3—5. 7), symptoms occurring only during pollen season (March through September) (OR = 4. 9, 95% CI: 3. 6–6. 5) and a combination of these latter two symptoms (OR = 5. 8, 95% CI: 4. 1—8. 1). The association was stronger for a sensitization to outdoor allergens than for indoor allergens. The specificity of the various questions was high, ranging from 77. 5% to 97. 6%, but the sensitivity was low (2. 6% to 42. 7%). The positive predictive value for atopy among children with symptoms was 63% for sneezing accompanied by itchy-watery eyes, 67% for symptoms occurring only during the pollen season and 70% for reported hay fever. However, agreement between reptirted rhinitis symptoms and hay fever was only moderate. About one third of the children with symptoms indicative of seasonal rhinitis did not report the label “hay fever”. Conclusions: We conclude from our analyses that the ISAAC core questions on rhinitis are highly specific and therefore useful in excluding atopy. In addition they have a high positive predictive value in detecting atopy among children with symptoms, but they are not helpful for detecting atopy in a general population of children (low sensitivity). To monitor time trends in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Switzerland, questions on rhinitis symptoms as well as on the diagnostic label “hay fever” have to be included in a questionnaire because they contain complementary information since under-diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is common.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 47 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Berufsdermatosen ; Kontaktekzem ; Asthma bronchiale ; Hydroxychloroquin ; Key words Occupational dermatoses ; Contact dermatitis ; Asthma ; Delayed-type allergy to hydroxychloroquine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report the case of a a 60 year-old worker in the pharmaceutical industry who suffered from recurring contact dermatitis. Initially the contact dermatitis was limited to the hands; later on it became generalized. The patient had been working on a drug filling line in a pharmaceutical plant for more than 20 years. Eight years after starting this job he had developed allergic hand dermatitis to 2,6-diaminopyridine (patch test positive); this healed upon cessation of exposure. Ten years later he again developed hand dermatitis which progressed to generalized dermatitis and conjunctivitis. Under systemic and local therapy with corticosteroids and cessation of work, it healed nearly completly. Four months after returning to work, the patient experienced a first episode of severe asthma and generalized dermatitis with conjunctivitis following exposure to hydroxychloroquine the day before. The asthma and dermatitis improved after systemic corticosteroid therapy and stopping work. His condition continued to fluctuate, when though the patient was transferred at work and now wore rubber gloves. Eight months later he again developed a generalized dermatitis. Patch testing revealed delayed-type sensitizations to hydroxychloroquine (tested in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%). Equivalent tests in five healthy volunteers were negative. The patch test reactions were pustular, while a biopsy was interpreted as a multiform contact dermatitis reaction. Bronchial exposure with hydroxychloroquine dust produced a delayed bronchial obstruction over the next 20 hours, which progressed to fever and generalized erythema (hematogenous contact dermatitis). After removing exposure to 2,6-diaminopyridine and hydroxychloroquine, the patient went on to develop a contact dermatitis to latex (patch test positive). However, skin prick tests with latex and patch tests with rubber additiva were negative. Hydroxychloroquine is well known to cause drug reactions. To our knowledge, contact dermatitis to this substance has not yet been reported. It is noteworthy that the patch test reactions were pustular and of multiform morphology and that bronchial exposure to the allergen resulted in asthma and a generalized drug reaction. Pathogenetically the asthmatic reaction seems to be on a delayed-type mechanism as is also seen with ampicillin, cobalt and nickel induced asthma.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 60jährigen Patienten, der über 20 Jahre in der Verarbeitung von Chemikalien in einer pharmazeutischen Industrie tätig war, traten wiederholt Ekzeme, zunächst an den Händen beschränkt, später generalisiert auf. Acht Jahre nach Arbeitsbeginn entwickelte sich ein allergisches Kontaktekzem der Hände auf 2,6-Diaminopyridin (positiver Epikutantest), welches nach einer strikten Expositionsprophylaxe nahezu abheilte. Zehn Jahre später kam es wieder zu einem Handekzem mit generalisierter Streureaktion und Konjunktivitis, welches unter systemischer Therapie mit Kortikosteroiden intern und lokal sowie Arbeitskarenz deutlich besserte. Weitere 4 Monate nach der Wiederaufnahme der Arbeit mußte der Patient notfallmäßig wegen erstmaligen massiven asthmatischen Beschwerden und einer generalisierten Ekzemreaktion mit Konjunktivitis den Hausarzt aufsuchen, nachdem er am Vortag der Substanz Hydroxychloroquin ausgesetzt war. Unter erneuter systemischer Steroidtherapie und Arbeitskarenz rasches Abheilen sowohl der Asthma- als auch der Hautsymptomatik. Nach einem Wechsel des Arbeitsplatzes und konsequentem Tragen von Gummihandschuhen stellte sich bezüglich des Handekzems ein ondulierender Verlauf ein, 8 Monate später kam es jedoch erneut zu einer generalisierten Ekzemstreuung. Die Epikutantestung ergab eine Typ- IV-Sensibilisierung auf Hydroxychloroquin (in 0,1%, 0,5%, 1% und 2% Konzentration getestet). Die Reaktion bei der höchsten Testkonzentration war pustulös und die histologische Untersuchung ergab eine multiforme-artige kontaktallergische Reaktion. Die Epikutanteste waren bei 5 gesunden Probanden negativ. Ein bronchialer Provokationstest mit Hydroxychloroquin-Staub führte zu einer verzögerten bronchialen Obstruktion 20 h nach der Exposition sowie zu Fieber, Konjunktivitis und zu einem generalisierten Exanthem (hämatogenes Kontaktekzem). Für die späteren Schübe nach Expositionsprophylaxe gegenüber 2,6-Diaminopyridin und Hydroxychloroquin konnte schließlich noch eine Latex-Kontaktallergie festgestellt werden. Der Latex-Prick und die Epikutantestung mit Gummiinhaltsstoffen waren negativ. Arzneimittelreaktionen auf Hydroxychloroquin bei systemischer Verabreichung sind bekannt. Ein Kontaktekzem auf diese Substanz wurde u.W. bisher noch nicht beschrieben. Besonders bemerkenswert sind die ungewöhnliche Testreaktion mit Pustelbildung, das multiforme-artige histologische Bild und die Entwicklung eines Asthma bronchiale mit generalisiertem hämatogenen Kontaktekzem auf die bronchiale Provokation. Pathogenetisch scheint auch der asthmatischen Reaktion ein Spättypmechanismus zugrunde zu liegen, wie etwa beim Ampicillin-, Kobalt- und Nickelasthma in der Literatur beschrieben.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 73-75 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Atopische Dermatitis – Lokalisation – Manifestationstypen – Reaktionsformen – Mikromanifestationen – Verlaufsbeobachtungen – 20 Jahre Katamnese ; Key words: Atopic dermatitis – Localization – Type of manifestations – Form of reactions – Micromanifestations – Observation of evolution – 20-year follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. A follow-up study of 47 patients who had suffered from atopic dermatitis in infancy (〈2 years aged old) was conducted by means of a questionnaire and personal interview/examination at the mean age of 23 years. It was found that 72.3% of them were still suffering from atopic dermatitis. The atopic eczema was mostly localized on the fingers (67.6%), on the head, e.g. forehead, eyelids and scalp (32% each), neck (35%) and chest (32%). Different localizations from the juvenile and adolescence phase were observed. In 73.5% the lichenoid type of atopic eczema was seen, in 67.6% the eczematic form of reaction, and in 28.4% the follicular form, the latter having decreased significantly in frequency since the adolescent phase. The pruriginous form with prurigo papules was observed only in the 8.8% of the patients who had been suffering from a chronic form of the disease since childhood. Nummular reactions were not observed. In 66% of the patients micromanifestations were present, most frequently perlèches (40.4%), retroauricular intertrigo (34%), atopic eyelid eczema (21%) and 21.3% "pulpite sèche" (tylotic, rhagadiform fingerpad eczema) (21.3%). In 14.9% of all patients these minimal forms of atopic dermatitis were present exclusively.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. 47 Patienten, welche bereits in der infantilen Phase (〈2. Lebensjahr) die Erstmanifestationen ihrer atopischen Dermatitis hatten, wurden im Durchschnittsalter von 23 Jahren persönlich befragt und untersucht. 72,3% der Patienten leiden nun im jungen Erwachsenenalter nach wie vor an atopischer Dermatitis, wobei Mikromanifestationen nicht als manifeste Neurodermitis gezählt wurden. Die Zahl der Manifestationen hat seit der Juvenilen- und Adoleszenzphase um 9,4% zugenommen. Häufigkeit und Prädilektionsstellen haben sich mit dem Übertritt in die adulte Phase geändert. Die bevorzugten Lokalisationen sind die Finger (67,6%). Zudem wurden vermehrt atopische Veränderungen im Bereich des Kopfes, wie Stirn und Augenlider (je 32%), Hals und Brustausschnitt (35% bzw. 32%) und Rücken sowie an den Streckseiten, v. a. der Arme, festgestellt. Wie in der Juvenilen- und Adoleszenzphase ist auch in der Erwachsenenphase die lichenoide Reaktionsform die häufigste (73,5%), gefolgt von der ekzemartigen (67,6%) und der follikulären (28,4%) Reaktionsform, wobei letztere seit der Jugendzeit stark abgenommen hat. Prurigo-Papeln wurden nur bei Patienten nachgewiesen (8,8%), die seit der infantilen Phase kontinuierlich an atopischer Dermatitis leiden und sehr ausgedehnte Manifestationen zeigten. Nummuläre Reaktionsformen wurden hingegen nicht beobachtet. Bei 66% der Patienten wurden Mikromanifestationen gefunden, am häufigsten die Perlèche (40,4%), danach die retroaurikuläre Intertrigo (34%), das atopische Lidekzem (21,3%) und die Pulpite sèche (21,3%). Nur 14,9% der Patienten zeigten jedoch ausschließlich diese Abortivformen der atopischen Dermatitis.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hereditäres Angioödem ; C1-Esterase ; Inhibitordefekt ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Deutschsprachiger Raum ; Key words Hereditary angioedema ; C1-Esterase ; inhibitor defect ; Diagnosis-treatment ; German-speaking region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A multicentre, retrospective study of hereditary deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) function, a deficiency which clinically manifests as hereditary angioedema (HAE), was performed in six centres in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. 242 individuals were registered with proven functional or quantitative deficiency of C1-INH who belonged to kindred with disease manifestation in 2 to 6 generations. Considering the total population in the three countries and the number of registered individuals, a frequency of the deficiency of 0,02×10−4 was calculated. As this epidemiological study involved only 6 centres, a 10 to 100 times higher frequency of C1-INH deficiency is estimated to be a more realistic value. Out of the 242 registered individuals 110 were evaluated for type and location of clinical manifestation of the deficiency, the laboratory data and the therapy outcome. 86 (78,2%) of the patients belonged to the ’’common type’’ and 24 (21,8%) to the ’’variant type’’ of HAE. In 53,9% of the cases first manifestation of the disease was before the age of 20 years. In only 3,9% of the patient population did the disease begin after 40. years of age. A mean time lag of 5,3 years was observed, between the first manifestation and correct diagnosis. Initial diagnosis was correct in only 31,8% of the cases of which dermatologists provided 51,7%. False diagnoses include urticaria (41,3%), allergy (20%), acute abdomen (18,7%), angina (8%), rheumatoid disease (5,3%) and intracranial haemorrhage, CNS tumour, epilepsy, migraine (5,3%). The distribution pattern of HAE resembled that of intolerance reactions and pseudoallergies. Urticarial lesions were not associated with C1-INH deficiency. 24% of the patients had at least one episode of laryngeal edema. 40% of patients were unable to identify a trigger of edema formation. The others indicated as triggers trauma, hormonal changes, mental stress, insect stings and in a few cases food and drugs. Menstruation and oral contraceptives aggravated or made disease manifestations more frequent. In contrast, during pregnancy in many cases clinical manifestations improved and delivery posed no problems. The possibility of HAO is very much suggested by the tailure of edema to respond to classical anti-allergic therapy. Therapy of choice of acute attacks is C1-INH concentrate. No side reactions, antibody formation or virus transmission have been observed. For long term prophylaxis danazol, an attenuated androgen, or tranexamic acid, a protease inhibitor, was chosen. The daily dose of danazol should be kept as low as possible because of its anabolic, anti-estrogenic, anti-gestagenic, and anti-gonadotropic effects. Indeed, adverse reactions were observed in 41,7% of patients receiving danazol. Frequencies of adverse reactions were twice as common in women as in men. Adverse reactions were dose dependent and reversible except for one woman with irreversible deepening of her voice. Measuring C1r is a effective way to assess C1-INH function and monitor therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In 6 Zentren der BRD, der Schweiz und Österreichs wurden 242 Personen erfaßt, bei denen ein quantitativer und funktioneller Defekt des C1-Esterase-Inhibitors (C1-INH) biochemisch nachgewiesen und über 2–6 Generationen verfolgt werden konnte. Bezogen auf die Gesamteinwohnerzahl der 3 Länder beträgt die Frequenz des HAE auf der Basis der von uns erfaßten Fälle 0,02×10−4. Da unsere epidemiologischen Untersuchungen nicht flächendeckend erfolgten, ist mit einer um mindestens 1–2 Zehnerpotenzen höheren Dunkelziffer zu rechnen. Innerhalb eines Kollektivs von 110 Personen mit klinischen Manifestationen eines hereditären Angioödems (HAE) wurden retrospektiv anamnestische, klinische, Labor- und Therapieergebnisse ausgewertet; 86 (78,2%) gehörten dem Typ I, 24 (21,8%) dem Typ II des HAE an. Zwischen Erstmanifestation und Diagnosestellung vergingen durchschnittlich 5,3 Jahre. In 12,5% traten in der Aszendenz Todesfälle unter einer Erstickungssymptomatik bei jüngeren Erwachsenen auf. Bei 53,9% manifestierte sich das HAE bis zum 20. Lebensjahr und nur bei 3,9% nach dem 40. Lebenjahr. In 24,5% unserer Fälle war es schon einmal zum Glottisädem gekommen. Nur in 31,8% der Fälle wurde primär die richtige Diagnose gestellt, davon in 51,7% durch Dermatologen. Die häufigsten Fehldiagnosen lauteten Urtikaria (41,3%), Allergie (20%), akutes Abdomen (18,7%), Angina (8%), Rheuma (5,3%), Hirnblutung, Hirntumor, Epilepsie, Migräne (5,3%). Die topographische Verteilung der Hauterscheinungen bei unseren HAE-Patienten ähnelte derjenigen von In- toleranzreaktionen und Pseudoallergien. Quaddelbildung gehörte nicht zum HAE. Häufigste Auslöser waren Traumen, hormonelle Besonderheiten, psychischer Streß, Insektenstiche sowie einige Nahrungs- und Genußmittel. Menstruation und die Einnahme östrogenhaltiger Kontrazeptiva begünstigten die Manifestation des HAE und wirkten aggravierend. In der Schwangerschaft besserte sich dagegen häufiger die klinische Symptomatik. Als diagnostisch wegweisend sahen wir das Nichtansprechen der HAE-Symptomatik auf eine klassische antiallergische Therapie an. Die Therapie der Wahl waren im akuten Anfall die Substitution mit C1-INH-Konzentrat und im Intervall der Einsatz des attenuierten Androgens Danazol. Alternativ vor allem bei Kindern bewährte sich uns die Gabe von Tranexamsäure. Wir beobachteten keine Bildung von C1-INH-Antikörpern nach mehrmaliger C1-INH-Gabe. Danazol zeigte aufgrund seiner anabolen, antiöstrogenen, antigestagenen und antigonadotropen Wirkung geringgradige unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen bei 41,7% unserer Patienten. Sie traten bei Frauen doppelt so häufig auf wie bei Männern, waren dosisabhängig und bis auf die permanente Senkung der Stimmlage bei 1 Patienten reversibel. Als therapiebegleitende Diagnostik eignet sich die Bestimmung der C1-INH-Funktion durch Messung des C1r-Verbrauchs.
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