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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 1 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Sera from 16 patients suffering from active psoriasis without arthropathy (2 guttate, 10 nummular, and 4 mixed type) were examined for the presence of circulating immune complexes. Five routine laboratory assay systems were used, based on C1q-binding or detection of IgG-coupled C1q and C3-breakdown products. In l4 patients, no elevated levels of circulating immune complexes were detected. One patient, who additionally suffered from late-phase HIV-1 infection, showed C1q-binding activities as well as levels of IgG-coupled C1q and C3-breakdown products in four of the assay systems, which indicated the presence of immune complexes in his serum. In another patient, with nummular psoriasis, slightly elevated levels of circulating immune complexes were measured by two of the assay systems. These results question the hypothesis of an essential pathogenic role of circulating immune complexes in psoriasis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-platelet antibodies ; Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The aim of this laboratory workshop was to evaluate the state of knowledge concerning the demonstration of membrane glycoprotein specific anti-platelet antibodies. The main interest lay in investigating whether specific antibody detection offers possibilities to distinguish the chronic from the acute form of ITP. In five laboratories four different methods were applied to demonstrate such antibodies. These methods are briefly described and compared. In all, except two, of the 45 ITP samples anti-platelet antibodies could be detected by at least one participating laboratory, in 85% of the samples antibodies were found by two or more laboratories. For seven out of eight control samples no positive results were reported. The comparison of glycoprotein specific anti-platelet antibodies shows partly considerable differences which may be due to the different methods as well as the different antibodies used (monoclonal antibody against membrane glycoprotein and antihuman globulin sera). This laboratory workshop leads to the conclusion that by exchange of reagents and patient samples the different methods may be compared and evaluated. The results obtained allowed no further characterization of ITP. All participants agreed on the usefulness of further similar laboratory workshops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Hereditäres Angioödem ; C1-Esterase ; Inhibitordefekt ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Deutschsprachiger Raum ; Key words Hereditary angioedema ; C1-Esterase ; inhibitor defect ; Diagnosis-treatment ; German-speaking region
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary A multicentre, retrospective study of hereditary deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) function, a deficiency which clinically manifests as hereditary angioedema (HAE), was performed in six centres in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. 242 individuals were registered with proven functional or quantitative deficiency of C1-INH who belonged to kindred with disease manifestation in 2 to 6 generations. Considering the total population in the three countries and the number of registered individuals, a frequency of the deficiency of 0,02×10−4 was calculated. As this epidemiological study involved only 6 centres, a 10 to 100 times higher frequency of C1-INH deficiency is estimated to be a more realistic value. Out of the 242 registered individuals 110 were evaluated for type and location of clinical manifestation of the deficiency, the laboratory data and the therapy outcome. 86 (78,2%) of the patients belonged to the ’’common type’’ and 24 (21,8%) to the ’’variant type’’ of HAE. In 53,9% of the cases first manifestation of the disease was before the age of 20 years. In only 3,9% of the patient population did the disease begin after 40. years of age. A mean time lag of 5,3 years was observed, between the first manifestation and correct diagnosis. Initial diagnosis was correct in only 31,8% of the cases of which dermatologists provided 51,7%. False diagnoses include urticaria (41,3%), allergy (20%), acute abdomen (18,7%), angina (8%), rheumatoid disease (5,3%) and intracranial haemorrhage, CNS tumour, epilepsy, migraine (5,3%). The distribution pattern of HAE resembled that of intolerance reactions and pseudoallergies. Urticarial lesions were not associated with C1-INH deficiency. 24% of the patients had at least one episode of laryngeal edema. 40% of patients were unable to identify a trigger of edema formation. The others indicated as triggers trauma, hormonal changes, mental stress, insect stings and in a few cases food and drugs. Menstruation and oral contraceptives aggravated or made disease manifestations more frequent. In contrast, during pregnancy in many cases clinical manifestations improved and delivery posed no problems. The possibility of HAO is very much suggested by the tailure of edema to respond to classical anti-allergic therapy. Therapy of choice of acute attacks is C1-INH concentrate. No side reactions, antibody formation or virus transmission have been observed. For long term prophylaxis danazol, an attenuated androgen, or tranexamic acid, a protease inhibitor, was chosen. The daily dose of danazol should be kept as low as possible because of its anabolic, anti-estrogenic, anti-gestagenic, and anti-gonadotropic effects. Indeed, adverse reactions were observed in 41,7% of patients receiving danazol. Frequencies of adverse reactions were twice as common in women as in men. Adverse reactions were dose dependent and reversible except for one woman with irreversible deepening of her voice. Measuring C1r is a effective way to assess C1-INH function and monitor therapy.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung In 6 Zentren der BRD, der Schweiz und Österreichs wurden 242 Personen erfaßt, bei denen ein quantitativer und funktioneller Defekt des C1-Esterase-Inhibitors (C1-INH) biochemisch nachgewiesen und über 2–6 Generationen verfolgt werden konnte. Bezogen auf die Gesamteinwohnerzahl der 3 Länder beträgt die Frequenz des HAE auf der Basis der von uns erfaßten Fälle 0,02×10−4. Da unsere epidemiologischen Untersuchungen nicht flächendeckend erfolgten, ist mit einer um mindestens 1–2 Zehnerpotenzen höheren Dunkelziffer zu rechnen. Innerhalb eines Kollektivs von 110 Personen mit klinischen Manifestationen eines hereditären Angioödems (HAE) wurden retrospektiv anamnestische, klinische, Labor- und Therapieergebnisse ausgewertet; 86 (78,2%) gehörten dem Typ I, 24 (21,8%) dem Typ II des HAE an. Zwischen Erstmanifestation und Diagnosestellung vergingen durchschnittlich 5,3 Jahre. In 12,5% traten in der Aszendenz Todesfälle unter einer Erstickungssymptomatik bei jüngeren Erwachsenen auf. Bei 53,9% manifestierte sich das HAE bis zum 20. Lebensjahr und nur bei 3,9% nach dem 40. Lebenjahr. In 24,5% unserer Fälle war es schon einmal zum Glottisädem gekommen. Nur in 31,8% der Fälle wurde primär die richtige Diagnose gestellt, davon in 51,7% durch Dermatologen. Die häufigsten Fehldiagnosen lauteten Urtikaria (41,3%), Allergie (20%), akutes Abdomen (18,7%), Angina (8%), Rheuma (5,3%), Hirnblutung, Hirntumor, Epilepsie, Migräne (5,3%). Die topographische Verteilung der Hauterscheinungen bei unseren HAE-Patienten ähnelte derjenigen von In- toleranzreaktionen und Pseudoallergien. Quaddelbildung gehörte nicht zum HAE. Häufigste Auslöser waren Traumen, hormonelle Besonderheiten, psychischer Streß, Insektenstiche sowie einige Nahrungs- und Genußmittel. Menstruation und die Einnahme östrogenhaltiger Kontrazeptiva begünstigten die Manifestation des HAE und wirkten aggravierend. In der Schwangerschaft besserte sich dagegen häufiger die klinische Symptomatik. Als diagnostisch wegweisend sahen wir das Nichtansprechen der HAE-Symptomatik auf eine klassische antiallergische Therapie an. Die Therapie der Wahl waren im akuten Anfall die Substitution mit C1-INH-Konzentrat und im Intervall der Einsatz des attenuierten Androgens Danazol. Alternativ vor allem bei Kindern bewährte sich uns die Gabe von Tranexamsäure. Wir beobachteten keine Bildung von C1-INH-Antikörpern nach mehrmaliger C1-INH-Gabe. Danazol zeigte aufgrund seiner anabolen, antiöstrogenen, antigestagenen und antigonadotropen Wirkung geringgradige unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen bei 41,7% unserer Patienten. Sie traten bei Frauen doppelt so häufig auf wie bei Männern, waren dosisabhängig und bis auf die permanente Senkung der Stimmlage bei 1 Patienten reversibel. Als therapiebegleitende Diagnostik eignet sich die Bestimmung der C1-INH-Funktion durch Messung des C1r-Verbrauchs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Sepsis 3 (1999), S. 197-218 
    ISSN: 1573-7411
    Schlagwort(e): IgG ; IgA ; IgM ; intravenous immunoglobulin ; immunoglobulins ; structure & function ; therapy ; host defense ; attenuation of inflammation ; complement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Efficient elimination of pathogens form the host's body needs the cooperation of recognition/receptor molecules of adaptive and innate immunity. Receptors of innate immunity are germline gene encoded and fixed to recognize a limited number of structures only. Structures on pathogens however are very diverse and they can undergo changes due to selection pressure. Recognition molecules of adaptive immunity, the immunoglobulin molecules, can be recognized as biochemical transducers which reduce the diversity of antigenic epitopes of microbes to a few principal structures. These principal structures are such that recognition/receptor molecules of innate immunity can cope with: complement can be activated efficiently and receptors of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) can ensure ultimate elimination of pathogens, their debris and their metabolic products. The structure of immunoglobulins perfectly fits their transducer function: the bipolar molecules have variable regions for recognition of diversity of antigenic epitopes and have a few different constant regions which mediate effector functions. The first part of this review focus on the transducer function in host defense of high-affinity, narrowly tuned and in elimination of senescent and altered self of low-affinity cross-reactive immunoglobulins. In a second part the review gives a an outlook on how recognition by immunoglobulins of host's structures may help to attenuate overshooting inflammation (cytokines, complement) and tissue destruction by inappropriate complement activation. Finally immunoglobulin preparations which have been used in clinic will be mentioned briefly. These have helped considerably to understand immunoglobulin function in humans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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