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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 1 (1963), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'utilisation d'un paramètre orbital qui varie avec la distance internucléaire est examinée par un calcul de courbes d'énergie pour Li 2 et LiH (dans le cadre d'une approximation Heitler-London). La meilleure méthode pour choisir le paramètre moléculaire est discutée. Les énergies de dissociation obtenues sont comparées aux résultats de calculs semblables, dans lesquels le paramètre orbital est défini d'une manière différente.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Verwendbarkeit eines vom Kernabstand abhängigen Bahnparameters wird durch die Berechnung von Potentialkurven für Li 2 und LiH (in einer Heitler-London-Näherung) geprüft. Die Wahl des besten Ansatzes für diesen Molekülparameter wird diskutiert. Die erhaltenen Dissoziationsenergien werden mit denen ähnlicher Rechnungen verglichen, bei denen der Bahnparameter auf andere Weise bestimmt wurde.
    Notes: Abstract The use of an orbital parameter which varies with internuolear distance is tested by the calculation of potential energy curves of Li 2 and LiH in a Heitler-London approximation. The best method of choosing the molecular orbital parameter is discussed. The values of the dissociation energies obtained are compared to similar calculations which determined the orbital parameter in a different manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 138 (1997), S. 103-109 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf überfliegende Mantelmöwen reagieren Scheckenten, in dem sie überstürzt von ihren Nahrungsplätzen auffliegen und sich auf dem offenen Wasser zusammenscharen. Wenn sich die Enten bei Flut zu dichten Ruhegesellschaften zusammengeschlossen haben, ist keine Reaktion zu beobachten. Die Reduktion der Individualabstände in Verbindung mit Fluchtverhalten deutet darauf hin, daß der enge Zusammenschluß eine Reaktion gegen Räuber bedeutet. In 32% der Fluchtbewegungen entfernten sich bis zu 56% der Trupps von den Stellen der Nahrungssuche. Aber auch, wenn die Vögel am Ort bleiben, dauerte es im Mittel 3,5 min, bis die Hälfte der Trupps die Nahrungssuche wieder aufgenommen hatte. Dabei gingen innerhalb von 24 Stunden immerhin 17% der Zeit für Nahrungssuche verloren. Die Kosten für das überstürzte Abfliegen beim Auftauchen von Möwen wird auf etwa 7,8% des täglichen Mindestenergiebedarfs geschätzt. Daher kann eine derartige Raktion auf potentielle Räuber die Nutzung bevorzugter Nahrungsgründe einschränken sowie Verlust der ohnehin durch die Gezeiten beschränkte Zeit für Nahrungsaufnahme und zusätzliche Energiekosten nach sich ziehen.
    Notes: Abstract Steller's Eiders responded to overflying Great Black-backed GullsLarus marinus by “spooking” — flushing from feeding and aggregating on open water. Birds did not react at high tide when aggregated into dense roosting flocks. The significant reduction in inter-bird distance associated with this escape behaviour suggests that rafting in this way (and at rest) serves an anti-predator function. In 32% of spooks, up to 56% of the flocks were displaced from feeding sites; even when all birds remained, they took an average of 3.5 minutes for half of the flock to resume feeding, representing a minimum total of 17% loss of feeding time throughout the 24 hour period. At observed rates, the cost of flight behaviour in response to gulls was estimated to equate to a minimum of 7.8% of daily existence energy. Hence such predator responses can cost Steller's Eiders loss of access to favoured feeding area, loss of feeding time (already restricted by tidal exposure) and additional energy costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: This data was collected in order to understand the influence of rice plants on methylation and demethylation on methylmercury (MeHg) concentration in rice paddy soil, and to assess which process was more dominant in paddy soil. Soil for the experimental work was collected from the Yolo Bypass, near Sacramento, California, an area with a strong commercial rice growing industry. Experimental work was carried out in growth chambers at the University of Washington. Soil was collected in October 2017 and experimental work was carried out in late 2018-early 2019. We established rice paddy microcosms with and without rice plants (n=6 in each treatment) and maintained them until the planted boxes had reached the peak of vegetative growth. At this time, we amended the soil with stable isotope tracers to measure methylation and demethylation potential rates based on an 8 hour incubation period. From these soil samples, we collected information on soil background (ambient) MeHg, inorganic Hg, total sulfur content, and methylation and demethylation potential rate constants. Information on rice root exudation rates was also collected in an experiment performed in 2019. In brief, the following methods were used for each analysis. Methylmercury concentrations (both ambient and tracer) were measured using using isotope dilution-gas chromatography-ICPMS (Hintelmann et al., 2000). Ambient and tracer THg concentrations were analyzed using isotope dilution-cold vapour-ICPMS. Inorganic Hg was calculated as total Hg minus MeHg. Total sulfur was assessed using EPA-3050 combined with EPA 200.7 on a Thermo-Scientific 6300 ICP spectrometer. Methylation and demethylation potential rate constants were measured using stable isotope tracer and the isotope-dilution method of Hintelmann et al 2000. Rice root exudates were measured from soil-grown plants using the calcium sulfate incubation method of Aulakh et al. (2001).
    Keywords: Center for Urban Horticulture, University of WA; CHU_Seattle; demethylation; EXP; Experiment; methylation; Methylmercury; Plant/soil system; rice
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 60.4 kBytes
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