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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of NaPi-1, a Na-Pi cotransporter, in rabbit kidney proximal tubules (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 424 (1993), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Proximal tubule ; Nephron microdissection ; RT (reverse transcriptase)/PCR (polymerase chain reaction) ; Phosphate reabsorption ; Brush-border membrane ; Expression cloning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have recently isolated from a rabbit cortex cDNA library a cDNA clone (NaPi-1), which, after in vitro transcription (cRNA) and injection into Xenopus laevis oocytes, expresses Na-dependent Pi uptake [Werner A, et al. (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:9608–9612]. The aim of the present work was to study the nephron location of the NaPi-1-related mRNA(s) by combining nephron microdissection procedures, reverse transcription (RT) and amplification of the resultant cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RT-PCR using NaPi-1-specific primers (different combinations) and either total kidney cortex RNA or microdissected proximal tubule segments resulted in two PCR products, both of approximately the expected length (but differing by about 30 base pairs). Restrictionenzyme analysis and nucleotide sequencing confirmed that both PCR products are related to NaPi-1 and that the “longer” PCR product has an insert of 26 base pairs containing an AluI restriction site. Nephron microdissection documents expression of NaPi-1-related mRNA(s) in superficial and deep proximal tubules (S1 S2 and S3 segments) and their absence in glomeruli, thin descending limb and thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop, distal convoluted tubules and cortical and inner medullary collecting ducts. These experiments suggest a “microheterogeneity” of NaPi-1-related mRNA(s) (which is not detected in Northern blot analysis) and proximal tubular expression of NaPi-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384343
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Working paper on the numerical modelling framework to compare different accounting schemes (2021)
    OceanNETs
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-17
    Description: Any integration of extra carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via terrestrial or marine sink enhancement into climate policies requires accounting for their effectiveness in reducing atmospheric carbon concentration and translating this information into the amount of carbon credits (to be used in official and voluntary emission trading schemes). Here, we assess accounting schemes in their appropriateness of assigning carbon credits. We discuss the role of temporary carbon storage and present the various ccounting methods for carbon credit assignment. We explain how we have implemented the methods numerically and analyse carbon assignments across the different accounting schemes, using stylized, model-based ocean sink enhancement experiments.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 3
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    Working paper published on NETs in strategically interacting regions based on simulation and analysis in an extended ACE model (2022)
    OceanNETs
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-19
    Description: Net-zero climate policies foresee deployment of atmospheric carbon dioxide removal wit geological, terrestrial, or marine carbon storage. While terrestrial and geological storage would be governed under the framework of national property rights, marine storage implies that carbon is transferred from one global common, the atmosphere, to another global common, the ocean, in particular if storage exceeds beyond coastal applications. This paper investigates the option of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and storage in different (marine) reservoir types in an analytic climate-economy model, and derives implications for optimal mitigation efforts and CDR deployment. We show that the introduction of CDR lowers net energy input and net emissions over the entire time path. Furthermore, CDR affects the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) via changes in total economic output but leaves the analytic structure of the SCC unchanged. In the first years after CDR becomes available the SCC is lower and in later years it is higher compared to a standard climate-economy model. Carbon dioxide emissions are first higher and then lower relative to a world without CDR. The paper provides the basis for the analysis of decentralized and potentially non-cooperative CDR policies.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 4
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    Working paper published on forward-looking ecological-economic integrated assessment model (2023)
    OceanNETs
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Limiting global warming to 1.5°C requires a large-scale removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The oceans have been proposed as one possible storage option, however, not without environmental consequences. Adverse impacts on ecosystems are expected to increase in the amount of carbon stored. The question arises whether the removed carbon should be stored in a small area, e.g. a bay, or spread out across the oceans. We study this question in an analytic model with two types of ocean boxes, characterised by their carbon content. Storing a lot of carbon in the small box (a bay) may cause the local ecosystem to cross a tipping point, whereas spreading out in the large box (the rest of the ocean) may avoid this, while still causing ecosystem damages. The model gives rise to two different steady state solutions. A “destroy” steady state, where the tipping point in the small ocean box has been crossed, and a “diffuse” steady state without destruction. We analytically and numerically study the optimal amount of carbon stored, and the optimal distribution of carbon sequestration across the two boxes.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 5
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    Report on appropriateness of accounting schemes to assign carbon credits to ocean NETs (2023)
    OceanNETs
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Carbon accounting is essential for quantifying carbon removal and determining required offsets. The valuation goes beyond mere measurement, taking into account factors such as temporary storage and the social cost of carbon (SCC). These valuations inform the issuance of carbon offsets, but governance frameworks also play a role in their issuance. For ocean-based carbon removal methods, such as ocean iron fertilization and blue carbon projects, cost-benefit accounting supported by SCC assessments is appropriate. Challenges arise for integration compliance systems such as the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). To align compliance systems with carbon accounting, an intermediary institution could facilitate the purchase and resale of international offsets while managing non-permanent storage liabilities. Ocean alkalinity enhancement, among ocean-based CDR methods, may fit into net accounting if monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) challenges are addressed. A proposed MRV approach based on the regulation of nonpoint source pollution can address these concerns.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 6
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    Unknown
    Working paper published on NETs in strategically interacting regions based on simulation and analysis in an extended ACE model (2023)
    OceanNETs
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Net-zero climate policies foresee deployment of atmospheric carbon dioxide removal wit geological, terrestrial, or marine carbon storage. While terrestrial and geological storage would be governed under the framework of national property rights, marine storage implies that carbon is transferred from one global common, the atmosphere, to another global common, the ocean, in particular if storage exceeds beyond coastal applications. This paper investigates the option of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and storage in different (marine) reservoir types in an analytic climate-economy model, and derives implications for optimal mitigation efforts and CDR deployment. We show that the introduction of CDR lowers net energy input and net emissions over the entire time path. Furthermore, CDR affects the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) via changes in total economic output but leaves the analytic structure of the SCC unchanged. In the first years after CDR becomes available the SCC is lower and in later years it is higher compared to a standard climate-economy model. Carbon dioxide emissions are first higher and then lower relative to a world without CDR. The paper provides the basis for the analysis of decentralized and potentially non-cooperative CDR policies.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 7
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    Unknown
    Working paper on the numerical modelling framework to compare different accounting schemes (2023)
    OceanNETs
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Any integration of extra carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via terrestrial or marine sink enhancement into climate policies requires accounting for their effectiveness in reducing atmospheric carbon concentration. Different accounting methods have been introduced to quantify the impacts of sink enhancements. Here, we provide a manual for the different accounting methods, accompanying the implementation of the accounting methods in a R-file which is free for download. Hence, the material allows applying the different accounting ethods and for demonstration purposes we provide a numerical example.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 8
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    Economic benefit of regional ocean carbon uptake (2023)
    EuroSea
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-19
    Description: Currently, the ocean carbon sink annually removes about a third of anthropogenic fossil fuel and industrial CO2 emissions, reducing therefore climate change damages and CO2 abatement costs. While the land sinks have entered climate policies, the ocean sink has not—for good reasons since the former stores carbon within the boundaries of a state while the ocean removes carbon from the atmosphere rather in its property as a global common. However, the question remains what is the value of the ocean carbon sink and should it be differently attributed when comparing a coastal state with a large exclusive economic zone (EEZ) compared to landlocked state. Here, we demonstrate different approaches to value the ocean sink, comparing a climate-change damage-based approach with an abatement, market-based approach. We use a high-resolution carbon flux dataset (0.25x0.25 degree) to estimate the ocean carbon sink and source in coastal areas. We assign a net sink of 1.72 GtC proportional to countries with negative carbon fluxes in their EEZ. In our calculation the annual value of the global ocean sink ranges from 61.19 B USD (Std 31.80), equivalent to the 2021 GDP of Slovenia, to 1433 B USD (Std 94.30), equivalent to the 2021 GDP of Spain (World Bank data) for the abatement cost-based assessment approach (assuming full emission trading and low ambition levels in the national determined contribution) and for the climate-change damage-based assessment approach relying on an upper value of the social cost of carbon in our investigation. By breaking down the carbon sink by nations EEZ we estimate which countries are the largest donors of ocean carbon wealth and which countries would be affected the most if a weakening of the ocean sink would need to be compensated by higher emission reduction levels.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 9
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    Valuing the ocean carbon sink at the country level (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: The ocean carbon sink annually removes about a third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, reducing climate change damage and CO2 abatement costs. While land sinks have been integrated into climate policies, the ocean sink has not—for good reason, since the former stores carbon within the boundaries of a given country, while the latter removes carbon from the atmosphere as global commons. However, the question of the value of the oceanic carbon sink remains, and how it should be attributed when comparing a coastal country with a large exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to a landlocked country. Here, we demonstrate different approaches to valuing the ocean carbon sink, comparing a climate-change-damage-based approach with an abatement-based and market-based approach. We use a high-resolution carbon flux dataset (0.25x0.25 degrees) to estimate the oceanic carbon sinks and sources in coastal areas. We assign a net sink of 1.72 GtC proportional to countries with negative carbon fluxes in their EEZs. In our calculation, the annual value of the global ocean sink ranges from 66 B USD to 1432 B USD.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 10
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    The novel surfactant protein SP-H enhances the phagocytosis efficiency of macrophage-like cell lines U937 and MH-S (2014)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-27
    Description: Background: Surfactant proteins (SP) secreted by alveolar type 2 cells, play an essential role in maintaining the air-liquid barrier of the lung and are also involved in the opsonisation and clearance of bacteria by phagocytes. We have recently described a novel surfactant protein, SP-H (SFTA3). Expression of SP-H was earlier demonstrated to be upregulated by LPS and negatively regulated by IL-1beta and IL-23 in vitro. Methods: The influence of SP-H on phagocytosis was measured using a murine and a human phagocytic cell line and fluorescent latex beads. Results: SP-H markedly increases phagocytosis in vitro in the murine-derived alveolar macrophage cell lines MH-S and in human-derived differentiated U937 cells. Conclusion: It can be assumed that SP-H is involved in regulating phagocytic activity of macrophages. SP-H is a new player in pulmonary host defence.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0500
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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