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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive Immunity Care for the community (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 445 (2007), S. 153-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All vertebrates have a type of immunity known as adaptive immunity, which allows them to respond to each fresh encounter with the microbial world on the basis of past interactions. Invertebrates, however, rely entirely on the innate immune system, an ancient mechanism present in all animals that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/445153a
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human–microbe mutualism and disease (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 449 (2007), S. 811-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The microbial communities of humans are characteristic and complex mixtures of microorganisms that have co-evolved with their human hosts. The species that make up these communities vary between hosts as a result of restricted migration of microorganisms between hosts and strong ecological ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06245
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The visual pigment sensitivity hypothesis: further evidence from fishes of varying habitats (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 157 (1985), S. 323-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Visual pigments were extracted from the retinas of 8 species of marine teleosts and 4 species of elasmobranchs and a comparison was made of the pigment properties from these fishes, some inhabiting surface waters, others from the mesopelagic zone, and a few migrating vertically between these two environments. An association was found between the spectral position of the absorbance curve and the habitat depth or habitat behavior, with the blue-shifted chrysopsins being the pigments of the twilight zone fishes and the rhodopsins with fishes living near the surface. The retina of the swell shark (Cephaloscyllium ventriosum) yielded extracts with two photopigments; one, a rhodopsin at 498 nm; the second, a chrysopsin at 478 nm. This fish has been reported to practice seasonal vertical migrations between the surface and the mesopelagic waters. In addition to the spectral absorbance, several properties of these visual pigments were examined, including the meta-III product of photic bleaching, regeneration with added 11-cis and 9-cis retinals, and the chromophoric photosensitivity. The chrysopsin properties were found to be fundamentally similar to those of typical vertebrate rhodopsins. Correlating the spectral data with the habitat and habitat behavior of our fishes gives us confidence in the idea that the scotopic pigments have evolved as adaptations to those aspects of their color environment that are critical to the survival of the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618122
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of pigmentation in the eye lens of the deep-sea hatchetfish,Argyropelecus affinis Garman (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 159 (1986), S. 791-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study is a morphological, biochemical and spectrophotometric characterization of the eye lens pigmentation in 45 specimens (11–88 mm in standard length) of the deep-sea hatchetfish,Argyropelecus affinis (Stomiiformes: Sternoptychidae). For comparison, we also examined available lenses of other members of the family Sternoptychidae, including three other species of the genusArgyropelecus, and two species of the genusSternoptyx. Lens pigmentation was observed in all specimens ofArgyropelecus spp. larger than about 36 mm in standard length, but was absent in allArgyropelecus spp. individuals less than 36 mm. However, lens pigmentation was not observed inSternoptyx specimens of any size. Detailed studies ofA. affinis indicated that (1) at 36 mm the nascent lens fiber cells, which are continually laid down over preexisting, unpigmented cells, begin incorporating pigment, and (2) the pigment concentration increases steadily as pigmented cells are added during lens growth. Spectrophotometric and biochemical data suggested that the pigment is a carotenoprotein complex, the carotenoid-like chromophore being strongly associated with a specific soluble lens protein, alpha crystallin. While the lens coloration in these fishes is age-related, analyses of the retinal visual pigment revealed no concomitant age-related change in the peak wavelength of retinal sensitivity in these fishes. Our data on the spectral absorbance of the lens and visual pigment of these fishes suggest that the lens pigmentation acts as a short-wave filter to improve acuity of the visual system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603732
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental Concepts in Symbiotic Interactions: Light and Dark, Day and Night, Squid and Legume (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 19 (2000), S. 113-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Keywords: Key words:Euprymna scolopes; Legume; Rhizobium; Sepiolid; Symbiosis; Vibrio fischeri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The legume-Rhizobium symbiosis and that between Euprymna scolopes and Vibrio fischeri show some surprising physiological similarities as well as differences. Both interactions rely on exchange of signal molecules, some of which are derived from bacterial cell surface molecules. Although the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis is nutritionally based as are many animal-microbe symbioses, it is not obligate because the plant initiates nodule formation only when the soil is deficient in nitrogen. In contrast, the squid-Vibrio symbiosis is obligate for the squid but is not nutritionally based. Rather, the bacteria produce light, which enables the animal to evade predators. These similarities and differences are described and discussed in term of the overall question of whether or not these two symbiotic relationships have evolved from commensal or pathogenic/parasitic interactions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003440000025
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
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    Crypsis in the Pelagic Environment (1990)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  American zoologist, 30 (1). pp. 175-188.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: Pelagic aquatic environments differ from terrestrial environments in being three-dimensional and relatively homogeneous, rather than two-dimensional and heterogeneous. The present paper examines the causes and consequences of these differences in the context of their influence on the interactions of animals with environmental light. Particular emphasis is placed on light as a determinant of effective modes of crypsis in the two different habitats. The terrestrial world has selected for the expression of crypticity in the form of superficial color patterns. The heterogeneity of this habitat has resulted in evolutionary divergence of these superficial color patterns, often in very closely-related animals. In contrast, in the homogeneous pelagic aquatic habitats, evolutionary convergence on three main forms of crypsis is evident: (1) transparency; (2) reflection of most, if not all visible wavelengths; and, (3) ventral bioluminescence as counterillumination; thus, to be cryptic most animals in these habitats use one or a combination of these modalities to variously transmit, reflect or mimic environmental light. In the present paper, special attention is given to transparency as the most prevalent, yet least understood, of these mechanisms that are used in predator-prey interactions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/icb/30.1.175
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    A comparison of the light organ development of Sepiola robusta Naef and Euprymna scolopes Berry (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) (2002)
    Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
    In:  Bulletin of Marine Science, 70 (1). pp. 141-153.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Light organ development was studied in the sepiolid squid Sepiola robusta Naef and compared to that of Euprymna scolopes Berry. Both species form obligate mutualisms with luminous bacteria from the environment. The embryonic period of S. robusta, which is at least double to that of E. scolopes at similar temperatures, produced additional features not reported to occur in the E. scolopes light organ, including an extended ciliated ridge at the base of the light organ, as well as additional crypt spaces to house symbiotic bacteria. Accessory structures, which are used to modify the bacteria-produced light, are not under the induction of symbiotic bacteria and appear in S. robusta before hatching, whereas in E. scolopes these tissues form post-hatching. At hatching the light organs of both species respond to symbiotically competent bacteria and undergo similar developmental remodeling. Specifically, the ciliated epithelial fields on the surface of the light organ undergo a program of cell death and regression that spans 4 to 5 d in E. scolopes, and over 9 d in S. robusta. Although the timing of embryogenesis differs between these two species, the results of these studies demonstrate that the influence of Vibrio fischeri, the specific symbiont, appears to be restricted to the initial stages of post-hatching development of both light organs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110 (9). pp. 3229-3236.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-02
    Description: In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other's genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal-bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218525110
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    The Native Microbiome is Crucial for Offspring Generation and Fitness of Aurelia Aurita (2020)
    American Society for Microbiology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: All multicellular organisms are associated with microbial communities, ultimately forming a metaorganism. Several studies conducted on well-established model organisms point to immunological, metabolic, and behavioral benefits of the associated microbiota for the host. Consequently, a microbiome can influence the physiology of a host; moreover, microbial community shifts can affect host health and fitness. The present study aimed to evaluate the significance and functional role of the native microbiota for life cycle transitions and fitness of the cnidarian moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita. A comprehensive host fitness experiment was conducted studying the polyp life stage and integrating 12 combinations of treatments with microbiota modification (sterile conditions, foreign food bacteria, and potential pathogens). Asexual reproduction, e.g., generation of daughter polyps, and the formation and release of ephyrae were highly affected in the absence of the native microbiota, ultimately resulting in a halt of strobilation and ephyra release. Assessment of further fitness traits showed that health, growth, and feeding rate were decreased in the absence and upon community changes of the native microbiota, e.g., when challenged with selected bacteria. Moreover, changes in microbial community patterns were detected by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing during the course of the experiment. This demonstrated that six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) significantly correlated and explained up to 97% of fitness data variability, strongly supporting the association of impaired fitness with the absence/presence of specific bacteria. Conclusively, our study provides new insights into the importance and function of the microbiome for asexual reproduction, health, and fitness of the basal metazoan A. aurita.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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