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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mortality selection during the 2003 European heat wave in three-spined sticklebacks: effects of parasites and MHC genotype (2008)
    Associated volumes
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    In: BMC evolutionary biology, London : BioMed Central, 2001, 8(2008), 1471-2148
    In: volume:8
    In: year:2008
    In: extent:12
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 12 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1471-2148
    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-124
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New evidence for habitat-specific selection in Wadden Sea Zostera marina populations revealed by genome scanning using SNP and microsatellite markers (2010)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Marine biology, Berlin : Springer, 1967, 157(2010), 1, Seite 81-89, 1432-1793
    In: volume:157
    In: year:2010
    In: number:1
    In: pages:81-89
    Description / Table of Contents: Eelgrass Zostera marina is an ecosystem-engineering species of outstanding importance for coastal soft sediment habitats that lives in widely diverging habitats. Our first goal was to detect divergent selection and habitat adaptation at the molecular genetic level; hence, we compared three pairs of permanently submerged versus intertidal populations using genome scans, a genetic marker-based approach. Three different statistical approaches for outlier identification revealed divergent selection at 6 loci among 46 markers (6 SNPs, 29 EST microsatellites and 11 anonymous microsatellites). These outlier loci were repeatedly detected in parallel habitat comparisons, suggesting the influence of habitat-specific selection. A second goal was to test the consistency of the general genome scan approach by doubling the number of gene-linked microsatellites and adding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, a novel marker type for seagrasses, compared to a previous study. Reassuringly, results with respect to selection were consistent among most marker loci. Functionally interesting marker loci were linked to genes involved in osmoregulation and water balance, suggesting different osmotic stress, and reproductive processes (seed maturation), pointing to different life history strategies. The identified outlier loci are valuable candidates for further investigation into the genetic basis of natural selection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    URL: http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/83p1lt4740240832/?p=800ceea1ad4c48879f77f8c578bae83f&pi=7
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1297-8
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Costly major histocompatibility complex signals produced only by reproductively active males, but not females, must be validated by a 'maleness signal' in three-spined sticklebacks (2010)
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    In: Royal Society (London), Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, London : The Royal Society, 1905, 277(2010), 1680, Seite 391-398, 1471-2954
    In: volume:277
    In: year:2010
    In: number:1680
    In: pages:391-398
    Description / Table of Contents: Olfactory information about individual major histocompatibility complex (MHC) immune genotypes is important for mate choice in several species. For example, during the mate choice decisions of three-spined sticklebacks, females assess males on the basis of odour cues that convey information about their MHC diversity. Here, we show that an additional 'maleness' signal is needed to validate the MHC signal. Furthermore, using interaction between natural odour of sticklebacks and synthetic MHC-ligand peptides, we show that MHC signals are conditional on the reproductive state in males. By contrast, we find that gravid females do not produce such signals. Since MHC olfactory signals relevant to mate choice decisions are conditional upon gender and reproductive state, we suggest that their manufacture is likely to be costly to senders, and therefore, potentially conditional on the health/parasitization status of the sender. We hypothesize that shedding of peptide-MHC complexes compromises immune function, selecting against unconditional use of these signals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1471-2954
    URL: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1680/391.abstract
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1501
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Partitioning average competition and extreme-genotype effects in genetically diverse infections (2008)
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    In: Oikos, Oxford : Blackwell, 1949, 117(2008), Seite 399-405, 0030-1299
    In: volume:117
    In: year:2008
    In: pages:399-405
    Description / Table of Contents: Competition between parasite genotypes in genetically diverse infections is widespread. However, experimental evidence on how genetic diversity influences total parasite load is variable. Here we use an additive partition equation to quantify the negative effect of inter-genotypic competition on total parasite load in diverse infections. Our approach controls for extreme-genotype effects, a process that can potentially neutralise, or even reverse, the negative effect of competition on total parasite load. A single extreme-genotype can have a disproportionate effect on total parasite load if it causes the highest parasite load in its single-infection, while increasing its performance in diverse relative to single infections. We show that in theory such disproportionate effects of extreme-genotypes can lead to a higher total parasite load in diverse infections than expected, even if competition reduces individual parasite performance on average. Controlling for the extreme-genotype effect is only possible if the competition effect on total parasite load is measured appropriately as the average difference between the realised number of each parasite genotype in mixed infections and the expected number based on single infection parasite loads. We apply this approach to sticklebacks that were experimentally infected with different trematode genotypes. On average, genetically diverse infections had lower parasite loads than expected from single-infection results. For the first time we demonstrate that competition between co-infecting genotypes per se caused the parasite load reduction, while extreme-genotype effects were not significant. We thus suggest that to correctly quantify the effect of competition alone on total parasite load in genetically diverse infections, the extreme-genotype effect has to be controlled for.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 0030-1299
    DOI: 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16301.x
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comment on "Phytoplankton Calcification in a High-CO2 World" (2008)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Science, Washington, DC : American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1880, 322(2008), 5907, Seite 1466, 1095-9203
    In: volume:322
    In: year:2008
    In: number:5907
    In: pages:1466
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1095-9203
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1161096
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Importance of genetic diversity in eelgrass Zostera marina for its resilience to global warming (2008)
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    In: Marine ecology progress series, Oldendorf/Luhe : Inter-Research, 1979, 355(2008), Seite 1-7, 1616-1599
    In: volume:355
    In: year:2008
    In: pages:1-7
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-1599
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.3354/meps07369
    DOI: 10.3354/meps07369
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphism markers for eelgrass (Zostera marina) (2008)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Molecular ecology resources, Oxford : Blackwell Science, 2008, 8(2008), 6, Seite 1429-1435, 1755-098X
    In: volume:8
    In: year:2008
    In: number:6
    In: pages:1429-1435
    Description / Table of Contents: We characterized 37 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) makers for eelgrass Zostera marina. SNP markers were developed using existing EST (expressed sequence tag)-libraries to locate polymorphic loci and develop primers from the functional expressed genes that are deposited in The ZOSTERA database (V1.2.1). SNP loci were genotyped using a single-base-extension approach which facilitated high-throughput genotyping with minimal optimization time. These markers show a wide range of variability among 25 eelgrass populations and will be useful for population genetic studies including evaluation of population structure, historical demography, and phylogeography. Potential applications include haplotype inference of physically linked SNPs and identification of genes under selection for temperature and desiccation stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-098X
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02251.x
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
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    Comparative analysis of Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) libraries in the seagrass Zostera marina subjected to temperature stress (2008)
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    In: Marine biotechnology, New York, NY : Springer, 1999, 1436-2228
    Description / Table of Contents: Global warming is associated with increasing stress and mortality on temperate seagrass beds, in particular during periods of high sea surface temperatures during summer months, adding to existing anthropogenic impacts, such as eutrophication and habitat destruction. We compare several expressed sequence tag (EST) in the ecologically important seagrass Zostera marina (eelgrass) to elucidate the molecular genetic basis of adaptation to environmental extremes. We compared the tentative unigene (TUG) frequencies of libraries derived from leaf and meristematic tissue from a control situation with two experimentally imposed temperature stress conditions and found that TUG composition is markedly different among these conditions (all P 〈 0.0001). Under heat stress, we find that 63 TUGs are differentially expressed (d.e.) at 25°C compared with lower, no-stress condition temperatures (4°C and 17°C). Approximately one-third of d.e. eelgrass genes were characteristic for the stress response of the terrestrial plant model Arabidopsis thaliana. The changes in gene expression suggest complex photosynthetic adjustments among light-harvesting complexes, reaction center subunits of photosystem I and II, and components of the dark reaction. Heat shock encoding proteins and reactive oxygen scavengers also were identified, but their overall frequency was too low to perform statistical tests. In all conditions, the most abundant transcript (3-15%) was a putative metallothionein gene with unknown function. We also find evidence that heat stress may translate to enhanced infection by protists. A total of 210 TUGs contain one or more microsatellites as potential candidates for gene-linked genetic markers. Data are publicly available in a user-friendly database at http://www.uni-muenster.de/Evolution/ebb/Services/zostera
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1436-2228
    DOI: 10.1007/s10126-007-9065-6
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lifetime reproductive success is maximized with optimal major histocompatibility complex diversity (2008)
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    In: Royal Society (London), Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, London : The Royal Society, 1905, (2008), 1471-2954
    In: year:2008
    In: extent:12
    Description / Table of Contents: Individual diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is predicted to be optimal at intermediate rather than at maximal levels. We showed previously in sticklebacks that an intermediate MHC diversity is predominant in natural populations and provides maximal resistance in experimental multiple parasite infections in the laboratory. However, what counts ultimately is the lifetime reproductive success (LRS). Here, we measured LRS of six laboratory-bred sib-groupsto minimize the influence of non-MHC genesthree-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) during their entire breeding period, each in a seminatural enclosure in the lake of their parents, where they were exposed to the natural spectrum of parasites. We collected developing clutches at regular intervals and determined parenthood for a representative number of eggs (2279 in total) per clutch with 18 microsatellites. Both males and females with an intermediate MHC class IIB variant number had the highest LRS. The mechanistic link of MHC diversity and LRS differed between the sexes: in females, we found evidence for a trade-off between number of eggs and immunocompentence, whereas in males this correlation was concealed by different timing strategies of reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 12 , graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 1471-2954
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1466
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The impact of ocean acidification on the skeletal ossification in herring larvae (Clupea harengus, L.) (2016)
    Kiel
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 Blatt = 6 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    URL: http://oceanrep.geomar.de/33703/
    Language: English
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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