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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth history of hydrothermal black smoker chimneys (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 301 (1983), S. 695-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Black smokers are the sooty plumes of fine pyrrhotite, sphalerite, lesser pyrite and traces of cubanite which precipitate as superheated solutions emerge from 'chimneys' in the ocean floor and mix with seawater1'3'4. Samples of three chimneys collected from black smoker vents with the Alvin ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/301695a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid growth at deep-sea vents (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 663-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Rates of biological processes at deep-sea hydrothermal vents have been the subject of considerable research since the initial discovery of vent ecosystems in 1977. Previous studies have suggested that the environmental unpredictability, tran-sient nature and high biological produc-tion of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371663a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Unknown
    Caminite: A new magnesium-hydroxide-sulfate-hydrate mineral found in a submarine hydrothermal deposit, East Pacific Rise, 21 °N (1986)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    In:  American Mineralogist, 71 . pp. 819-825.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: As laboratory experiments predict, a Mg-hydroxide-sulfate-hydrate mineral, here named caminite, precipitates in nature from seawater heated in an active submarine hydrothermal system. Caminite is found intergrown with anhydrite in the wall of a black-smoker chimney precipitated around hydrothermal fluids discharging on the East Pacific Rise axis at 2l'N latitude. Caminite is tetragonal (space group I4,/amd) with a = 5.239Å and c = 12.988Å. The five strongest lines appearing in X-ray powder difraction patterns (CuKa radiation) are 3.345 (I/Io = 100; hkl = 103); 3.220 (80; 112); 1.871 (50; I l6); 1.620 (25; 303); 1.609 (20; 224). Bond-strength calculations and experimental results predict that the caminite structure accommodates a range of compositions described by a general formula: MgSO4 . xMg(OH)2 . (1- 2x)H2O, where 0 〈 x 〈 0.5. The caminite in our sample has a composition corresponding to a stoichiometry of MgSO4 . 0.4Mg(OH)2 . 0.2H2O. It is soft (H = 2.5) and apparently colorless. Caminite is uniaxial negative and has low birefringence (0.002). Its indices of refraction are omega = 1.534 and epsilon = 1.532. In the recharge zones of submarine hydrothermal systems, large volumes of convecting seawater heated above approximately 240°C rnay precipitate abundant caminite and anhydrite. Formation of abundant caminite can drastically lower the pH of downwelling seawater in such systems, and rapid removal of sulfate into caminite and anhydrite may prevent the reduction of much seawater sulfate to sulfide within the hydrothermal system. Incorporation of seawater sulfate into caminite and anhydrite at elevated temperatures and subsequent recycling of this sulfate into the oceans by dissolution at low temperatures should affect the oxygen-isotope compositionof seawater sulfate and may play a part in maintaining the oxygen-isotope values of oceanic sulfate in disequilibrium with δO18 of seawater.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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