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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego : Elsevier
    Keywords: Oceanic mixing ; Electronic books
    Description / Table of Contents: Front Cover -- Ocean Mixing -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Editors' biographies -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Ocean mixing: oceanography at a watershed -- References -- 2 The role of ocean mixing in the climate system -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The role of ocean mixing in shaping the contemporary climate mean state -- 2.2.1 Meridional overturning circulation and heat transport -- 2.2.2 Southern Ocean -- 2.2.3 Mixing in exchanges between marginal seas and the open ocean -- 2.2.4 Mixing and marine ecosystems -- 2.3 Ocean mixing and transient climate change -- 2.3.1 Ocean anthropogenic heat and carbon uptake -- 2.3.2 Contemporary and future sea level rise -- 2.3.3 Changes in nutrient fluxes -- 2.3.4 Changes in ocean mixing sources -- 2.3.4.1 Tides -- 2.3.4.2 Lee waves -- 2.4 Ocean mixing in past climate states -- 2.4.1 The Early Pliocene -- 2.4.2 The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) -- 2.5 Summary and conclusion -- References -- 3 The role of mixing in the large-scale ocean circulation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Flavours of mixing -- 3.3 Non-dissipative theories of ocean circulation -- 3.3.1 Ekman pumping -- 3.3.2 Momentum redistribution by geostrophic turbulence -- 3.4 How can mixing shape circulation? -- 3.4.1 By altering surface wind and buoyancy forcing -- 3.4.2 By altering density gradients -- 3.4.3 By producing and consuming water masses -- 3.5 Where is mixing most effective at shaping circulation? -- 3.5.1 Isotropic mixing, from top to bottom -- 3.5.2 Mesoscale stirring, from top to bottom -- 3.6 Some impacts on basin-scale overturning circulation -- 3.6.1 Abyssal overturning cell -- 3.6.2 North Atlantic Deep Water circulation -- 3.6.3 Southern Ocean upwelling: adiabatic or diabatic? -- 3.6.4 The return flow to the North Atlantic -- 3.6.5 Shallow hemispheric cells -- 3.7 Some impacts on basin-scale horizontal circulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (386 pages)
    ISBN: 9780128215135
    DDC: 551.462
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean temperature and salinity versus pressure, from the sea surface to 2000 dbar. The successful installation of the Argo array and its innovative data management system arose opportunistically from the combination of great scientific need and technological innovation. Through the data system, Argo provides fundamental physical observations with broad societally-valuable applications, built on the cost-efficient and robust technologies of autonomous profiling floats. Following recent advances in platform and sensor technologies, even greater opportunity exists now than 20 years ago to (i) improve Argo's global coverage and value beyond the original design, (ii) extend Argo to span the full ocean depth, (iii) add biogeochemical sensors for improved understanding of oceanic cycles of carbon, nutrients, and ecosystems, and (iv) consider experimental sensors that might be included in the future, for example to document the spatial and temporal patterns of ocean mixing. For Core Argo and each of these enhancements, the past, present, and future progression along a path from experimental deployments to regional pilot arrays to global implementation is described. The objective is to create a fully global, top-to-bottom, dynamically complete, and multidisciplinary Argo Program that will integrate seamlessly with satellite and with other in situ elements of the Global Ocean Observing System (Legler et al., 2015). The integrated system will deliver operational reanalysis and forecasting capability, and assessment of the state and variability of the climate system with respect to physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems parameters. It will enable basic research of unprecedented breadth and magnitude, and a wealth of ocean-education and outreach opportunities.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The surface mixed layer of the world ocean regulates global climate by controlling heat and carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the oceanic interior1,2,3. The mixed layer also shapes marine ecosystems by hosting most of the ocean’s primary production4 and providing the conduit for oxygenation of deep oceanic layers. Despite these important climatic and life-supporting roles, possible changes in the mixed layer during an era of global climate change remain uncertain. Here we use oceanographic observations to show that from 1970 to 2018 the density contrast across the base of the mixed layer increased and that the mixed layer itself became deeper. Using a physically based definition of upper-ocean stability that follows different dynamical regimes across the global ocean, we find that the summertime density contrast increased by 8.9 ± 2.7 per cent per decade (10−6–10−5 per second squared per decade, depending on region), more than six times greater than previous estimates. Whereas prior work has suggested that a thinner mixed layer should accompany a more stratified upper ocean5,6,7, we find instead that the summertime mixed layer deepened by 2.9 ± 0.5 per cent per decade, or several metres per decade (typically 5–10 metres per decade, depending on region). A detailed mechanistic interpretation is challenging, but the concurrent stratification and deepening of the mixed layer are related to an increase in stability associated with surface warming and high-latitude surface freshening8,9, accompanied by a wind-driven intensification of upper-ocean turbulence10,11. Our findings are based on a complex dataset with incomplete coverage of a vast area. Although our results are robust within a wide range of sensitivity analyses, important uncertainties remain, such as those related to sparse coverage in the early years of the 1970–2018 period. Nonetheless, our work calls for reconsideration of the drivers of ongoing shifts in marine primary production, and reveals stark changes in the world’s upper ocean over the past five decades.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: NORP-SORP Workshop on Polar Fresh Water: Sources, Pathways and Impacts of Freshwater in Northern and Southern Polar Oceans and Seas (SPICE-UP) What: Up to 60 participants at a time and more than twice as many registrants in total from 20 nations and across experience levels met to discuss the current status of research on freshwater in both polar regions, future directions, and synergies between the Arctic and Southern Ocean research communities When: 19–21 September 2022 Where: Online
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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