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  • 1
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    Meteorological and air quality measurements in a city region with complex terrain: influence of meteorological phenomena on urban climate
    Schweizerbart ; 2023
    In:  Meteorologische Zeitschrift Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2023-09-18), p. 293-315
    Details
    In: Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Schweizerbart, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2023-09-18), p. 293-315
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0941-2948
    Uniform Title: Meteorological and air quality measurements in a city region with complex terrain: influence of meteorological phenomena on urban climate
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1127/metz/2023/1124
    RVK:
    UA 5450
    Language: English , English
    Publisher: Schweizerbart
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2045168-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 2
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    Transport Variability of Very Short Lived Substances From the West Indian Ocean to the Stratosphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 123, No. 10 ( 2018-05-27), p. 5720-5738
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 123, No. 10 ( 2018-05-27), p. 5720-5738
    Abstract: The Lagrangian model FLEXPART/ERA‐Interim transports very short lived substances (VSLS) from the West Indian Ocean to the stratosphere Source gas injection of VSLS above 17 km reveals a distinct annual cycle associated with the Asian monsoon Interannual variability of stratospheric VSLS source gas injection is influenced by West Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures, as well as by ENSO
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2017JD027563
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
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    Meteorological constraints on oceanic halocarbons above the Peruvian upwelling
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 16, No. 18 ( 2016-09-29), p. 12205-12217
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 16, No. 18 ( 2016-09-29), p. 12205-12217
    Abstract: Abstract. During a cruise of R/V METEOR in December 2012 the oceanic sources and emissions of various halogenated trace gases and their mixing ratios in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) were investigated above the Peruvian upwelling. This study presents novel observations of the three very short lived substances (VSLSs) – bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide – together with high-resolution meteorological measurements, Lagrangian transport and source–loss calculations. Oceanic emissions of bromoform and dibromomethane were relatively low compared to other upwelling regions, while those for methyl iodide were very high. Radiosonde launches during the cruise revealed a low, stable MABL and a distinct trade inversion above acting as strong barriers for convection and vertical transport of trace gases in this region. Observed atmospheric VSLS abundances, sea surface temperature, relative humidity and MABL height correlated well during the cruise. We used a simple source–loss estimate to quantify the contribution of oceanic emissions along the cruise track to the observed atmospheric concentrations. This analysis showed that averaged, instantaneous emissions could not support the observed atmospheric mixing ratios of VSLSs and that the marine background abundances below the trade inversion were significantly influenced by advection of regional sources. Adding to this background, the observed maximum emissions of halocarbons in the coastal upwelling could explain the high atmospheric VSLS concentrations in combination with their accumulation under the distinct MABL and trade inversions. Stronger emissions along the nearshore coastline likely added to the elevated abundances under the steady atmospheric conditions. This study underscores the importance of oceanic upwelling and trade wind systems on the atmospheric distribution of marine VSLS emissions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-12205-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 4
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    Estimating Upper Silesian coal mine methane emissions from airborne in situ observations and dispersion modeling
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2021-06-10), p. 8791-8807
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2021-06-10), p. 8791-8807
    Abstract: Abstract. Abundant mining and industrial activities located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) lead to large emissions of the potent greenhouse gas (GHG) methane (CH4). The strong localization of CH4 emitters (mostly confined to known coal mine ventilation shafts) and the large emissions of 448 and 720 kt CH4 yr−1 reported in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR 2017) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.3.2), respectively, make the USCB a prime research target for validating and improving CH4 flux estimation techniques. High-precision observations of this GHG were made downwind of local (e.g., single facilities) to regional-scale (e.g., agglomerations) sources in the context of the CoMet 1.0 campaign in early summer 2018. A quantum cascade–interband cascade laser (QCL–ICL)-based spectrometer adapted for airborne research was deployed aboard the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Cessna 208B to sample the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in situ. Regional CH4 emission estimates for the USCB are derived using a model approach including assimilated wind soundings from three ground-based Doppler lidars. Although retrieving estimates for individual emitters is difficult using only single flights due to sparse data availability, the combination of two flights allows for exploiting different meteorological conditions (analogous to a sparse tomography algorithm) to establish confidence on facility-level estimates. Emission rates from individual sources not only are needed for unambiguous comparisons between bottom-up and top-down inventories but also become indispensable if (independently verifiable) sanctions are to be imposed on individual companies emitting GHGs. An uncertainty analysis is presented for both the regional-scale and facility-level emission estimates. We find instantaneous coal mine emission estimates of 451/423 ± 77/79 kt CH4 yr−1 for the morning/afternoon flight of 6 June 2018. The derived fuel-exploitation emission rates coincide (±6 %) with annual-average inventorial data from E-PRTR 2017 although they are distinctly lower (−28 %/−32 %) than values reported in EDGAR v4.3.2. Discrepancies in available emission inventories could potentially be narrowed down with sufficient observations using the method described herein to bridge the gap between instantaneous emission estimates and yearly averaged inventories.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-8791-2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 5
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    Aircraft-based mass balance estimate of methane emissions from offshore gas facilities in the southern North Sea
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2024
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2024-01-24), p. 1005-1024
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2024-01-24), p. 1005-1024
    Abstract: Abstract. Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have more than doubled since the beginning of the industrial age, making CH4 the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2). The oil and gas sector represents one of the major anthropogenic CH4 emitters as it is estimated to account for 22 % of global anthropogenic CH4 emissions. An airborne field campaign was conducted in April–May 2019 to study CH4 emissions from offshore gas facilities in the southern North Sea with the aim of deriving emission estimates using a top-down (measurement-led) approach. We present CH4 fluxes for six UK and five Dutch offshore platforms or platform complexes using the well-established mass balance flux method. We identify specific gas production emissions and emission processes (venting and fugitive or flaring and combustion) using observations of co-emitted ethane (C2H6) and CO2. We compare our top-down estimated fluxes with a ship-based top-down study in the Dutch sector and with bottom-up estimates from a globally gridded annual inventory, UK national annual point-source inventories, and operator-based reporting for individual Dutch facilities. In this study, we find that all the inventories, except for the operator-based facility-level reporting, underestimate measured emissions, with the largest discrepancy observed with the globally gridded inventory. Individual facility reporting, as available for Dutch sites for the specific survey date, shows better agreement with our measurement-based estimates. For all the sampled Dutch installations together, we find that our estimated flux of (122.9 ± 36.8) kg h−1 deviates by a factor of 0.64 (0.33–12) from reported values (192.8 kg h−1). Comparisons with aircraft observations in two other offshore regions (the Norwegian Sea and the Gulf of Mexico) show that measured, absolute facility-level emission rates agree with the general distribution found in other offshore basins despite different production types (oil, gas) and gas production rates, which vary by 2 orders of magnitude. Therefore, mitigation is warranted equally across geographies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 6
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    Importance of seasonally resolved oceanic emissions for bromoform delivery from the tropical Indian Ocean and west Pacific to the stratosphere
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 18, No. 16 ( 2018-08-21), p. 11973-11990
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 16 ( 2018-08-21), p. 11973-11990
    Abstract: Abstract. Oceanic very short-lived substances (VSLSs), such as bromoform (CHBr3), contribute to stratospheric halogen loading and, thus, to ozone depletion. However, the amount, timing, and region of bromine delivery to the stratosphere through one of the main entrance gates, the Indian summer monsoon circulation, are still uncertain. In this study, we created two bromoform emission inventories with monthly resolution for the tropical Indian Ocean and west Pacific based on new in situ bromoform measurements and novel ocean biogeochemistry modeling. The mass transport and atmospheric mixing ratios of bromoform were modeled for the year 2014 with the particle dispersion model FLEXPART driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis. We compare results between two emission scenarios: (1) monthly averaged and (2) annually averaged emissions. Both simulations reproduce the atmospheric distribution of bromoform from ship- and aircraft-based observations in the boundary layer and upper troposphere above the Indian Ocean reasonably well. Using monthly resolved emissions, the main oceanic source regions for the stratosphere include the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal in boreal summer and the tropical west Pacific Ocean in boreal winter. The main stratospheric injection in boreal summer occurs over the southern tip of India associated with the high local oceanic sources and strong convection of the summer monsoon. In boreal winter more bromoform is entrained over the west Pacific than over the Indian Ocean. The annually averaged stratospheric injection of bromoform is in the same range whether using monthly averaged or annually averaged emissions in our Lagrangian calculations. However, monthly averaged emissions result in the highest mixing ratios within the Asian monsoon anticyclone in boreal summer and above the central Indian Ocean in boreal winter, while annually averaged emissions display a maximum above the west Indian Ocean in boreal spring. In the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone bromoform atmospheric mixing ratios vary by up to 50 % between using monthly averaged and annually averaged oceanic emissions. Our results underline that the seasonal and regional stratospheric bromine injection from the tropical Indian Ocean and west Pacific critically depend on the seasonality and spatial distribution of the VSLS emissions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-11973-2018
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-11973-2018-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 7
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    Validation of XCO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and XCH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 retrieved from a portable Fourier transform spectrometer with those from in situ profiles from aircraft-borne instruments
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2020-09-30), p. 5149-5163
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2020-09-30), p. 5149-5163
    Abstract: Abstract. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) and methane (XCH4) measured by a solar viewing portable Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS, EM27/SUN) have been characterized and validated by comparison using in situ profile measurements made during the transfer flights of two aircraft campaigns: Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) and Effect of Megacities on the Transport and Transformation of Pollutants at Regional and Global Scales (EMeRGe). The aircraft flew over two Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites: Rikubetsu, Japan (43.46∘ N, 143.77∘ E), for the KORUS-AQ campaign and Burgos, Philippines (18.53∘ N, 120.65∘ E), for the EMeRGe campaign. The EM27/SUN was deployed at the corresponding TCCON sites during the overflights. The mole fraction profiles obtained by the aircraft over Rikubetsu differed between the ascending and the descending flights above approximately 8 km for both CO2 and CH4. Because the spatial pattern of tropopause heights based on potential vorticity values from the ERA5 reanalysis shows that the tropopause height over the Rikubetsu site was consistent with the descending profile, we used only the descending profile to compare with the EM27/SUN data. Both the XCO2 and XCH4 derived from the descending profiles over Burgos were lower than those from the ascending profiles. Output from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model indicates that higher CO2 for the ascending profile originated in central Luzon, an industrialized and densely populated region about 400 km south of the Burgos TCCON site. Air masses observed with the EM27/SUN overlap better with those from the descending aircraft profiles than those from the ascending aircraft profiles with respect to their properties such as origin and atmospheric residence times. Consequently, the descending aircraft profiles were used for the comparison with the EM27/SUN data. The EM27/SUN XCO2 and XCH4 data were derived by using the GGG2014 software without applying air-mass-independent correction factors (AICFs). The comparison of the EM27/SUN observations with the aircraft data revealed that, on average, the EM27/SUN XCO2 data were biased low by 1.22 % and the EM27/SUN XCH4 data were biased low by 1.71 %. The resulting AICFs of 0.9878 for XCO2 and 0.9829 for XCH4 were obtained for the EM27/SUN. Applying AICFs being utilized for the TCCON data (0.9898 for XCO2 and 0.9765 for XCH4) to the EM27/SUN data induces an underestimate for XCO2 and an overestimate for XCH4.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-5149-2020
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-5149-2020-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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  • 8
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    The Influence of Air‐Sea Fluxes on Atmospheric Aerosols During the Summer Monsoon Over the Tropical Indian Ocean
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2018
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2018-01-16), p. 418-426
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2018-01-16), p. 418-426
    Abstract: Linkage of sulfur source gases and remotely sensed aerosol numbers Western tropical Indian Ocean DMS hot spot confirmed First eddy covariance measurements of DMS in the Western Tropical Indian Ocean
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v45.1
    DOI: 10.1002/2017GL076410
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Quantifying Nitrous Oxide Emissions in the U.S. Midwest: A Top‐Down Study Using High Resolution Airborne In‐Situ Observations
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2021
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 48, No. 5 ( 2021-03-16)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 48, No. 5 ( 2021-03-16)
    Abstract: Within the ACT‐America project, we gathered a unique airborne in‐situ N 2 O data set over the U.S. Midwest with enhancements up to 9  ppb N 2 O emissions in the U.S. Midwest were on average 0.42 ± 0.28 nmol m −2  s −1 in October 2017 and 1.06 ± 0.57 nmol m −2  s −1 in June to July 2019 Bottom‐up estimates from EDGAR and DayCent underestimate U.S. Midwest N 2 O emissions by factors up to 20
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2020GL091266
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
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  • 10
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    Estimating CH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and CO emissions from coal mining and industrial activities in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using an aircraft-based mass balance approach
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 20, No. 21 ( 2020-11-03), p. 12675-12695
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 20, No. 21 ( 2020-11-03), p. 12675-12695
    Abstract: Abstract. A severe reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to reach the objectives of the Paris Agreement. The implementation and continuous evaluation of mitigation measures requires regular independent information on emissions of the two main anthropogenic greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Our aim is to employ an observation-based method to determine regional-scale greenhouse gas emission estimates with high accuracy. We use aircraft- and ground-based in situ observations of CH4, CO2, carbon monoxide (CO), and wind speed from two research flights over the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), Poland, in summer 2018. The flights were performed as a part of the Carbon Dioxide and Methane (CoMet) mission above this European CH4 emission hot-spot region. A kriging algorithm interpolates the observed concentrations between the downwind transects of the trace gas plume, and then the mass flux through this plane is calculated. Finally, statistic and systematic uncertainties are calculated from measurement uncertainties and through several sensitivity tests, respectively. For the two selected flights, the in-situ-derived annual CH4 emission estimates are 13.8±4.3 and 15.1±4.0 kg s−1, which are well within the range of emission inventories. The regional emission estimates of CO2, which were determined to be 1.21±0.75 and 1.12±0.38 t s−1, are in the lower range of emission inventories. CO mass balance emissions of 10.1±3.6 and 10.7±4.4 kg s−1 for the USCB are slightly higher than the emission inventory values. The CH4 emission estimate has a relative error of 26 %–31 %, the CO2 estimate of 37 %–62 %, and the CO estimate of 36 %–41 %. These errors mainly result from the uncertainty of atmospheric background mole fractions and the changing planetary boundary layer height during the morning flight. In the case of CO2, biospheric fluxes also add to the uncertainty and hamper the assessment of emission inventories. These emission estimates characterize the USCB and help to verify emission inventories and develop climate mitigation strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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