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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraluminal pressure of the small intestine of the unanesthetized dog (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 364 (1976), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Pressure wave analysis ; Motility methodology ; Propulsion in small intestine ; Smooth muscle function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraluminal pressure recordings have been performed in 14 unanesthetized dogs via a Mann-Bollman fistula by means of an air-filled balloon catheter system and a water-filled catheter system. The dynamic response is adequate for studying intraluminal pressures of the small intestine. Resting pressures in the proximal, middle and distal jejunum averaged approximately 6 mm Hg above atmosphere and no appreciable differences were noted between the different areas. The contraction time of simple, monophasic waves was fairly constant (approximately 1.0 s in duration) and usually unrelated to amplitude of the wave. Propulsion of intraluminal contents occurred in the absence of complex (type III) waves. A pressure wave in a proximal segment of jejunum was temporally related to a wave occurring 5 cm distally. The mean intervals between the proximal and distal contractions were: 0.42 s in the proximal jejunum; 0.74 s in the middle jejunum; 1.56 s in the distal jejunum; 2.79 s in the ileum. These time lags have a log normal distribution. The length of the physiologic segment in the jejunum of the dog varied from 1.0–8.0 cm and was usually 2–4 cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062909
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Detailed investigation of the role of buoy wind errors in buoyscatterometer disagreement (2019)
    In:  [Poster] In: ESA LPS 2019, 13.-17.05.2019, Milan, Italy .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The comparison of equivalent neutral winds obtained from (a) four WHOI buoys in the subtropics and (b) scatterometer estimates at those locations reveals a very low root-mean-square difference (RMS) on the order of 0.5-0.7 m/s and a seasonal cycle in the RMS. To investigate this RMS, different buoy wind error sources were examined. Our buoys are particularly well suited to examine two important sources of buoy error: (1) redundant anemometers and a comparison with numerical flow simulations allow us to quantitatively assess flow distortion errors, and (2) one-minute sampling at the buoys allows us to examine the sensitivity of buoy temporal sampling/averaging in the buoy-scatterometer comparisons. The flow distortion can be estimated to up to 5% of the relative difference of the anemometers. Application of this error to the individual anemometer and subsequent comparison with scatterometer estimates show a good agreement. Application of a reasonable time averaging, subtraction of a mean bias, and application of a viscosity correction generally reduces the RMS but cannot explain the seasonal cycle of it.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 3
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    Detailed investigation of the role of buoy wind errors in buoy-scatterometer disagreement. (2018)
    In:  [Poster] In: IOVWST Meeting 2018, 24.-26.04.2018, Barcelona, Spain .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The comparison of equivalent neutral winds obtained from (a) three WHOI buoy in the subtropics and (b) scatterometer estimates at those locations reveals a very low root-mean-square difference (RMS) on the order of 0.5 m/s and a seasonal cycle in the RMS. To investigate this seasonal cycle, different buoy wind error sources were examined. Our buoys are particularly well suited to examine two important sources of buoy error: (1) redundant anemometers and information from numerical flow simulations allow us to quantitatively assess flow distortion errors, and (2) one-minute sampling at the buoys allows us to examine the sensitivity of buoy temporal sampling/averaging in the buoy-scatterometer comparisons. The seasonal cycle in RMS difference might result from other physical factors not accounted for in the conversion to equivalent neutral winds through bulk formulas or physical effects not modeled in the GMFs.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 4
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    Detailed investigation of the role of buoy wind errors in buoyscatterometer disagreement (2019)
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2019, 08.-13.04.2019, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The comparison of equivalent neutral winds obtained from (a) four WHOI buoys in the subtropics and (b) scatterometer estimates at those locations reveals a very low root-mean-square difference (RMS) on the order of 0.5-0.7 m/s and a seasonal cycle in the RMS. To investigate this RMS, different buoy wind error sources were examined. Our buoys are particularly well suited to examine two important sources of buoy error: (1) redundant anemometers and a comparison with numerical flow simulations allow us to quantitatively assess flow distortion errors, and (2) one-minute sampling at the buoys allows us to examine the sensitivity of buoy temporal sampling/averaging in the buoy-scatterometer comparisons. The flow distortion can be estimated to up to 5% of the relative difference of the anemometers. Application of this error to the individual anemometer and subsequent comparison with scatterometer estimates show a good agreement. Application of a reasonable time averaging, subtraction of a mean bias, and application of a viscosity correction generally reduces the RMS but cannot explain the seasonal cycle of it.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 5
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    Integrated Observations of Global Surface Winds, Currents, and Waves: Requirements and Challenges for the Next Decade (2019)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 . Art.Nr. 425.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Ocean surface winds, currents, and waves play a crucial role in exchanges of momentum, energy, heat, freshwater, gases, and other tracers between the ocean, atmosphere, and ice. Despite surface waves being strongly coupled to the upper ocean circulation and the overlying atmosphere, efforts to improve ocean, atmospheric, and wave observations and models have evolved somewhat independently. From an observational point of view, community efforts to bridge this gap have led to proposals for satellite Doppler oceanography mission concepts, which could provide unprecedented measurements of absolute surface velocity and directional wave spectrum at global scales. This paper reviews the present state of observations of surface winds, currents, and waves, and it outlines observational gaps that limit our current understanding of coupled processes that happen at the air-sea-ice interface. A significant challenge for the coming decade of wind, current, and wave observations will come in combining and interpreting measurements from (a) wave-buoys and high-frequency radars in coastal regions, (b) surface drifters and wave-enabled drifters in the open-ocean, marginal ice zones, and wave-current interaction “hot-spots,” and (c) simultaneous measurements of absolute surface currents, ocean surface wind vector, and directional wave spectrum from Doppler satellite sensors.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00425
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Expectancy in Real and Sham Electroacupuncture: Does Believing Make It So? (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: Background The large placebo effect observed in prior acupuncture trials presents a substantial challenge for interpretation of the efficacy of acupuncture. We sought to evaluate the relationship between response expectancy, a key component of the placebo effect over time, and treatment outcome in real and sham electroacupuncture (EA). Methods We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial of EA and sham acupuncture (SA) for joint pain attributable to aromatase inhibitors among women with breast cancer. Responders were identified using the Patient Global Impression of Change instrument at Week 8 (end of intervention). The Acupuncture Expectancy Scale (AES) was used to measure expectancy four times during the trial. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between expectancy and treatment response. Results In the wait list control group, AES remained unchanged over treatment. In the SA group, Baseline AES was significantly higher in responders than nonresponders (15.5 vs 12.1, P = .005) and AES did not change over time. In the EA group, Baseline AES scores did not differ between responders and nonresponders (14.8 vs 15.3, P = .64); however, AES increased in responders compared with nonresponders over time ( P = .004 for responder and time interaction term) with significant difference at the end of trial for responders versus nonresponders (16.2 vs 11.7, P = .004). Conclusions Baseline higher response expectancy predicts treatment response in SA, but not in EA. Divergent mechanisms may exist for how SA and EA influence pain outcomes, and patients with low expectancy may do better with EA than SA.
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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