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  • 1
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    Large compositional differences in the gases released from the Kizildag ophiolitic body (Turkey): Evidences of prevailingly abiogenic origin (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine and Petroleum Geology, 89 . pp. 174-184.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Highlights • Gases collected from dry seepages and bubbling or dissolved in springs of the ophiolitic body of Kizildag (Turkey). • Large compositional variation (H2- CH4 or N2-dominated) • Hydrogen derives from low temperature serpentinization processes • Methane mainly derives from abiotic processes • Large isotopic fractionation of methane at one site due to biological oxidation Abstract We investigated the geochemical features of the gases released from the Kizildag ophiolitic complex (Hatay, Turkey). Twenty-three samples both dissolved in hyperalkaline waters and free gases (bubbling gases and dry seeps) were collected. Samples were analysed for their chemical (He, H2, O2, N2, CH4 and CO2) and isotopic (He, δ13C-CH4, δ2H-CH4, δ2H-H2) composition including the content and C-isotopic composition of C2 to C5 alkanes in free gases. Analytical results evidence H2 production through low-temperature (〈80 °C) serpentinization processes and subsequent abiogenic CH4 production through Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions. In some sample small additions of methane either of microbial or of thermogenic origin can be hypothesized. At one of the sites (Kisecik) a clear fractionation pattern due to microbial methane oxidation leading to strongly enriched isotopic values (δ13C +15‰ and δ2H −68‰) and depletion in methane concentrations has been evidenced. At the dry gas seep of Kurtbagi methane flux measurements have been made and a preliminary output estimation of about 1000 kg per year has been obtained.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.12.017
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Impact of acidic volcanic emissions on ash leaching and on the bioavailability and mobility of trace metals in soils of Mt Etna (2021)
    SGI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-23
    Description: We report on original geochemical data, which combine the rainfall trace metal contents from three different areas of Mt. Etna, variably fumigated by the volcanic plume, and those from soils, collected over the whole volcano. Trace element contents in rainfall appear mostly related to acidic ash leaching, while only for the most volatile elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Sb, Tl, Se). We analyzed separately the labile fraction of soil samples, considered the fraction bioavailable to plants and soil organisms living in. The complexing medium used to extract the bioavailable fraction simulates the growth environment of plant roots.The contents of trace elements in the bioavailable fraction from soil samples showed peculiar patterns, apparently unrelated to the plume fumigation. The transition metal contents in the bioavailable fraction account for less than 15 % of the pseudo-total fraction and the highest contents were measured in the less acidic soil samples and farthest from the summit craters. In particular, high Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd contents were paralleled by high soil organic carbon concentrations, which increased in the samples collected downwind the summit vents. Concerning immobile elements, their abundance in the bioavailable fraction was related to the degree of alteration of soils. Two elements, Se and Tl, were enriched in soil samples collected at closer distance from the summit vents. Their origin is probably related to the plume deposition.The study highlighted that the accessibility of plants to potentially harmful trace elements present in the soil is not simply related to the exposure to pollutants, but also to their fate in the pedogenetic environment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 57-78
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: trace elements ; Mt. Etna ; soil ; rainwater ; 03.04. Chemical and biological
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    REE fractionation during the gypsum crystallization in hyperacid sulphate-rich brine: The Poás Volcano crater lake (Costa Rica) exploited as laboratory (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: The critical role of rare earth elements (Lanthanides plus Yttrium; hereafter REE) in high-tech technologies and consequently their increasing demand from the industry, in addition to the capability of REE to trace water–rock interaction processes, boosted the study of REE in unconventional extreme environments. This study is focused on the geochemical behaviour of REE in the hyperacid sulphate-rich brine of the crater lake of Poás volcano (Costa Rica), where the precipitation of gypsum occurs. This system can hence be considered as a natural laboratory to evaluate the fractionation of REE between the lake water (mother brine) and the precipitating gypsum mineral. Total REE concentrations dissolved in waters range from 1.14 to 2.18 mg kg−1. Calculated distribution coefficients (KD) for REE between the gypsum and the mother brine indicate a preferential removal of the light REE (LREE) with respect to the heavy REE (HREE), with KD values mainly decreasing from La to Lu. During the observation period (2007–2009), the distributions of REE concentrations dissolved in lake water normalized to the average local volcanic rock show two different trends: i) LREE depleted patterns, and ii) flat patterns. The identification of the LREE depleted pattern is justified by the KD calculated in this study. We demonstrate that the precipitation of gypsum is able to strongly fractionate the REE in hyperacid sulphate-rich brine, inducing changes in REE concentrations and distributions over time. X-ray computed tomography imaging was performed on gypsum crystal (precipitated from the lake waters) to gain insights on crystal-scale processes possibly controlling the REE geochemistry, i.e. surface processes vs. structural substitution. Accordingly, the heavy metals and possibly the REE seem to be mainly located on the crystal surface rather than inside the crystal, suggesting that a surface process could be the major process controlling REE removal from the water to the crystal.
    Description: Published
    Description: 87-96
    Description: 3V. Proprietà dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Poas volcano ; Water–rock interaction ; Hyperacid brine lake ; Rare earth elements ; Gypsum precipitation ; 04.08. Volcanology ; Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Il Monitoraggio dei Vulcani Campani - Primo semestre 2019 (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: L'Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) è componente del Servizio Nazionale di Protezione Civile, ex articolo 6 della legge 24 febbraio 1992 n. 225 ed è Centro di Competenza per i fenomeni sismici, vulcanici e i maremoti per il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Nazionale (DPC). L’Osservatorio Vesuviano, Sezione di Napoli dell’INGV, ha nei suoi compiti il monitoraggio e la sorveglianza H24/7 delle aree vulcaniche attive campane (Vesuvio, Campi Flegrei e Ischia). Tali attività sono disciplinate dall’Accordo-Quadro (AQ) sottoscritto tra il DPC e l’INGV per il decennio 2012-2021 e sono dettagliate negli Allegati A e B del suddetto AQ. Il presente Rapporto sul Monitoraggio dei Vulcani Campani rappresenta l’attività svolta dall’Osservatorio Vesuviano e dalle altre Sezioni INGV impegnate nel monitoraggio dell’area vulcanica campana nel primo semestre 2019.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; Vesuvio ; Ischia ; Volcano Monitoring ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 5
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    Geochemical characteristics of soil radon and carbon dioxide within the Dead Sea Fault and Karasu Fault in the Amik Basin (Hatay), Turkey (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: The study area is close to the boundary of three tectonic plates (Anatolian, Arabian, and African plates) and is characterized by important tectonic lineaments, which consist mainly of the Dead Sea Fault (DSF), the Karasu Fault, and the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) systems. To understand the origin of soil gas emanation and its relationships with the tectonics of the Amik Basin (Hatay), a detailed soil gas sampling was systematically performed. Together with CO2 flux measurements, N220 soil gas samples were analyzed for Rn and CO2 concentrations. The distribution of soil Rn (kBq/m3), CO2 concentration (ppm), and CO2 flux (g/m2/day) in the area appears as a point source (spot) and/or diffuses (halo) anomalies along the buried faults/fractures due to crustal leaks. The results revealed that Rn and CO2 concentrations in the soil gas show anomalous values at the specific positions in the Amik Basin. The trace of these anomalous values is coincident with the N-S trending DSF. CO2 is believed to act as a carrier for Rn gas. Based on the Rn and CO2 concentrations of soil gases, at least three gas components are required to explain the observed variations. In addition to the atmospheric component, two other gas sources can be recognized. One is the deep crust component, which exhibits high Rn and CO2 concentrations, and is considered the best indicator for the surface location of fault/fracture zones in the region. The other component is a shallower gas source with high Rn concentration and low CO2 concentration. Moreover, He isotopic compositions of representative samples vary from 0.94 to 0.99 Ra, illustrating that most samples have a soil air component and may have mixed with some crustal component, without significant input of the mantle component. Based on the repeated measurements at a few sites, soil gas concentrations at the same site were observed to be higher in 2014 than in 2013, which may be associated with the activity of the DSF in 2013–2014. This suggests that soil gas variations at fault zone are closely related to the local crustal stress, and hence are suitable for monitoring fault activities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 129–146
    Description: 6T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Dead Sea Fault ; Karasu Fault ; Amik Basin ; Radon ; Carbon Dioxide ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    A Christmas gift: Signature of the 24th December 2018 eruption of Mt. Etna on the chemical composition of bulk deposition in eastern Sicily (2020)
    Società Geologica Italiana
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-14
    Description: The eruption of Mt. Etna which occurred on December 24th 2018 was characterized by strombolian activity and fire fountains, emitted by the New South-East Crater and along a fissure that propagated towards the SE. The influence of volcanic emissions on atmospheric deposition was clearly detectable at several kilometres from the source. Wet and dry (bulk) deposition samples were collected each month, through a network of eleven collectors, in the areas of Milazzo, and Priolo between June 2018 and June 2019. They were analysed for major ions and trace elements concentrations. The pH values range from 3.9 to 8.3, while the EC values range from 7 to 396 μS cm-1. An extensive neutralization of the acidity has been recognised mainly due to the suspended alkaline dust particles, which have a buffering role in rainwater. A high load of Na+ and Cl- was observed at all sites, related to the closeness of the study areas to the coast, showing a high positive correlation (R2 = 0.989) along the line of Na+/Cl- ratio in seawater. During the eruption, the volcanic plume was carried by the winds for long distance (more than 300 km) affecting the area of Priolo but not that of Milazzo, which was upwind with respect to Mt. Etna. The impact of volcanic HF was clearly recognised in the samples collected after the eruption. Volcanic SO2 and HCl had a lower impact due to the overwhelming input of anthropogenic sulfate and marine chloride. On the contrary, the signature of the Mt. Etna eruption can be well recognised in the high concentrations of certain trace elements in the samples collected immediately after the eruption. The strongest contrast between affected and non-affected samples was recognised in Al, Cd, and especially in the volatile elements Tl and Te, which are typically enriched in volcanic emissions. The results showed that volcanic eruptions might have a relevant effect on the atmospheric chemistry and on the composition of rainwater up to distances of 80 km from the emission vents.
    Description: Published
    Description: 341-358
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: rainwater ; fluoride ; trace elements ; volcanic emissions ; 01. Atmosphere ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Hydrological versus volcanic processes affecting fluid circulation at Mt. Etna: Inferences from 10 years of observations at the volcanic aquifer (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The time series of geochemical data available for the network ofwells and drainage galleries atMt. Etna has been analyzed to identify the changes in water chemistry related to the input of volcanic CO2 and those related to hydrogeological dynamics. The dynamics of hydrological systems is mainly affected by changes in the rainfall, since this influences the yields of both springs and drainage galleries and the height of thewater table of unconfined aquifers. In addition, the characteristics of hydrological systems can change with the fluid pressure. These mechanisms are probably enhanced by changes in the crustal strain,which can cause interbasin transfer ofwater. The changes in water circulation are paralleled by variations in physicochemical characteristics of groundwater, since water transfer probably occurs among water bodies with different temperatures and compositions. Based on the abovemechanisms, the contribution of different water types has been estimated according to their chemical composition: it has been assumed that water circulating in the volcanic pile has a typical HCO3 −-rich composition,whereas Cl−, SO4 =, andNO3 − could be contributed by rainfall, anthropogenic pollution, and sedimentary fluids rich in Na+ and Cl−. The compositionally different endmembers have been identified based on the results of factor analysis,which allowed those chemicals accounted for by a singlewater endmember to be grouped within the same factor. In some cases the SO4 = enrichment is related to the dissolution of SO4 =-bearing alteration minerals contained in volcanic sequences, and in such cases this is associated with HCO3 −. We hypothesize a binary mixing between the HCO3 −-rich volcanic end member and an end member pollutedwith Cl−, SO4 =, andNO3 − related to water circulation at shallow levels. These two end members are identified by their HCO3 −/(Cl−+SO4 = +NO3 −) ratio and Cl−, SO4 =, and NO3 − contents measured at each sampling site. The extent of mixing between these different water types changes over time, probably due to changes in their circulation patterns, with water being transferred from/towater bodieswith different compositions. Once the proportion of the HCO3 − content related to the binary mixing is determined, we can compute the amount of HCO3 − related to the variable input of CO2 over time into the aquifer. The obtained temporal trends are—over a long time period—synchronous in the two sectors of the volcanowhere themaximal CO2 degassing occurs, namely the Paternò-Belpasso area on the southwestern flank and the Zafferana-S. Venerina area on the eastern flank. This provides evidence for a common deepmechanism underlying the CO2 variations that is related to the dynamics of the volcano. Some inconsistent trends are observed in the two sectors during specific periods, such as in 2012, which is probably due to the marked dynamics affecting the eastern flank compared to the more stable southwestern one.
    Description: Published
    Description: 71-84
    Description: 4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Dinamica dei processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Zirconium–hafnium and rare earth element signatures discriminating the effect of atmospheric fallout from hydrothermal input in volcanic lake water (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: Geochemical behaviour of rare earth elements (REE), Zr, andHfwas investigated in CO2-richwaters circulating in Pantelleria Island also including ‘Specchio di Venere’ Lakewithin a calderic depression. A wide range of total dissolved REE concentrationswas found (2.77–12.07 nmol L−1),with the highest contents in the lake. Themain REE complexes in the CO2-rich waters are [REE(CO3)2]− and [REECO3]+, showing changeable proportions as a function of pH. The REE normalized to post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) showed similar features with heavy REE (HREE) enrichments in CO2-rich waters collected from springs and wells, whereas a different REE pattern was found in the ‘Specchio di Venere’ Lake water with middle REE (MREE) enrichments. The PAAS normalized concentration ratios (LREE/HREE)N and (MREE/HREE)N in waters are b1, except for the lake water in which (MREE/HREE)N N 1. Positive Eu anomalies were found in the investigated waters owing to water–rock interactions with less evolved host rocks. Ce anomalies as a function of Eh values were recognized, with the highest Ce anomaly occurring in the lake water with respect to the CO2-rich waters. The Y/Ho and Zr/Hf molar ratios are higher in the investigated waters (except for lake water) than that in the local rocks, with values ranging from 35.4 to 77.9 and from 76.3 to 299, respectively. The precipitation of authigenic phases was considered to be responsible for the increase in the Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios owing to enhanced Hf and Ho removal with respect to Zr and Y. The REE patterns in the lake water show a similar shape (MREE-enriched and a positive Ce anomaly) as those found in the settling dust and in the desert varnish coating of the rocks in arid environments,which mainly contain Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides and clay minerals. Similarly, Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios in the ‘Specchio di Venere’ Lake (35.4 and 76.3, respectively) show a desert varnish signature. These data, coupled with the presence of iron oxyhydroxides and phyllosilicates in the shallowest water layer of the ‘Specchio di Venere’ Lake, verify the aeolian input from the Sahara Desert
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-11
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rare earth elements ; Zirconium ; Hafnium ; CO2-rich waters ; Lake ; Aeolian input ; 05.09
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Determination of rare earth element and trace metals of geochemical interest in fumarolic gas. Validation of a ICP-MS method and statistical data evaluation through chemometric treatment (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The variations of the chemical composition in volcanic gases emissions provide important information about the state of activity and evolutionary tendencies of the observed natural system. The purpose of this research is the validation of an analytical method for the quantification of the lanthanides and trace metals of geochemistry interest, in a complex matrix like fumarolic condensates collected on NaOH or in NH3 4M solution. The low concentrations of the searched species (ng/l) required the development of a preconcentration methodology on chelating resins followed by ICP-MS analysis, that has been tested on synthetic matrices, and subsequently, on sample withdrawn from the fumarolic gas of Volcano island. Problems concerning the recoveries of the analytes and the parameters of method validation are then discusses.
    Description: Published
    Description: Centro Congressi Hilton Palace Sorrento, Italy
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Fumarol ; Trace elements ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 10
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    Effect of solid waste landfill organic pollutants on groundwater in three areas of Sicily (Italy) characterized by different vulnerability (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-24
    Description: The aim of this study was to obtain information on the presence and levels of hazardous organic pollutants in groundwater located close to solid waste landfills. Eighty-two environmental contaminants, including 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 20 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 29 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 7 dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDDs) and 10 furans (polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDFs) were monitored in areas characterised by different geological environments surrounding three municipal solid waste landfills (Palermo, Siculiana and Ragusa) in Sicily (Italy) in three sampling campaigns. The total concentrations of the 16 PAHs were always below the legal threshold. Overall, the Fl/Fl + Py diagnostic ratio revealed that PAHs had a petrogenic origin. VOC levels, except for two notable exceptions near Palermo landfill, were always below the legal limit. As concerns PCB levels, several samples were found positive with levels exceeding the legal limits. It is worth noting that the % PCB distribution differs from that of commercial compositions. In parallel, some samples of groundwater containing PCDDs and PCDFs exceeding the legal threshold were also found. Among the 17 congeners monitored, the most abundant were the highest molecular weight ones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 16869 – 16882
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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