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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Large-scale features of ocean circulation, such as deep water formation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean, are known to regulate the long-term physical uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere by moving CO2-laden surface waters into the deep ocean. But the importance of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 59-61 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Data for this analysis were taken from published reports9"11. Concentrations of total carbon dioxide (referred to as dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrate plus nitrite (referred to as total inorganic nitrogen, TIN), and total organic nitrogen (TON) were determined as ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 58-61 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The effect of hurricanes on the thermal and physical structure of the upper ocean has been described but their influence on the ocean carbon cycle and the exchange of carbon between ocean and atmosphere is not well understood. Here we present observations from the Sargasso Sea, before and after ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 79 (1990), S. 27-46 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Three ooid types are recognized from the Lower Tournaisian »Kohlenkalk« shelf facies at Velbert, Germany. Ooids from this unit have a predominantly concentric laminae fabric. Radial-concentric and small radial fibrous ooids are minor components to this oolite. The diagenetic response of Kohlenkalk ooid chemistry is significantly different from that observed in contemporaneous crinoid and brachiopod material. Fabric evidence suggests that radial-concentric and radial-fibrous ooids were probably originally aragonite/high-Mg calcite and high-Mg calcite respectively. Fabric and trace elemental chemistries of the concentric fabric ooids suggests that they were originally precipitated as aragonite and subsequently altered to low-Mg calcite. Recent papers have proposed temporal shifts in the dominant mineralogy of shallow marine non-skeletal carbonates between calcite and aragonite. Changing Phanerozoic atmospheric pCO2 levels and oceanic Mg/Ca ratios may have been factors controlling the dominant mineralogy. The chemistries of the Kohlenkalk ooids in conjunction with other ooid and micrite data spanning the Mid-Paleozoic to Recent are evaluated in context with these temporal shifts between »calcite« and »aragonite seas«. The strontium chemistries of the ooids (¯x = 1010 ppm, range 145–3010 ppm) and micrites (¯x = 841 ppm, range 3–8800 ppm) suggests they had an aragonite precursor mineralogy. No statistical correlation was observed between ooid/micrite chemistries, their mineralogies and the proposed secular trend. Therefore, we suggest that aragonitic ooids and micrites were dominant components of shallow-marine carbonate environments throughout the Phanerozoic. The distribution and abundance of aragonitic and calcitic ooids in the geologic past was probably dependant on local hydraulic, physicochemical, and environmental conditions, areally constrained by global tectonics, eustatic, climatic and atmospheric effects, with significant diagenetic overprinting of the original geochemical and fabric information.
    Abstract: Résumé Parmi les facies de plate-forme du Tournaisien inférieur, dans le calcaire carbonifère de Velbert (RFA), on distingue trois types d'ooïdes: les plus abondantes présentent une structure lamellaire concentrique; d'autres, en quantité subordonnée, sont radiaires-concentriques et fibro-radiées. En réponse à leur chimisme, les ooïdes du calcaire carbonifère ont connu une évolution diagénétique nettement différente de celle des sédiments à crinoïdes et à brachiopodes de même âge. L'organisation structurale des ooides radiaires-concentriques et fibro-radiées indique que'elles étaient constituées respectivement d'aragonite + calcite magnésienne et de calcite magnésienne. Par contre, la structure et le chimisme des éléments en traces des ooïdes concentriques suggèrent qu'elles ont été d'abord précipitées en aragonite et transformées ensuite en calcite pauvre en Mg. Selon certains travaux récents, la composition minéralogique des sédiments carbonatés non organo-détritiques aurait fluctué au cours du temps entre l'aragonite et la calcite. Des factures déterminants de ce processus auraient pû être les changements, au cours du Phanérozoïque, de pCO2 dans l'atmosphère et du rapport Mg/Ca dans les océans. Le chimisme des ooïdes du calcaire carbonifère, comparé à celui de micrites et d'autres ooïdes d'âges phanérozoïque moyen à récent est examiné en relation avec ces passages de «mers à calcite» à «mer à aragonite» au cours du temps. Le chimisme du Sr des ooïdes (x = 1010 ppm; intervalle 145–3010 ppm) et des micrites (x = 841 ppm; intervalle 3–8800 ppm) suggère une précipitation primaire d'aragonite. Il n'apparaît aucune corrélation statistique entre le chimisme des ooïdes et micrites, leur minéralogie, et les fluctuations temporelles suggérées. Pour ces raisons, nous pensons que les ooïdes et micrites aragonitiques ont été les composants dominants des milieux carbonatés peu profonds pendant tout le Phanérozoïque. L'abondance et la répartition des ooïdes aragonitiques et calcitiques dans la nature ancienne ont vraisemblablement résulté de conditions locales hydrauliques, physico-chimiques et d'environnement, déterminées par la tectonique globale, et par les changements eustatiques, climatiques ou atmosphériques, qui ont surimposé leur empreinte diagénetique aux caractères structuraux et géochimiques primaires.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Kohlenkalk-Schelffazies des Untertournais bei Velbert (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) lassen sich drei Ooidtypen unterscheiden. Gemeinsam ist diesen Ooiden ein vorwiegend konzentrischer Lagenbau. Dagegen ist das Vorkommen radial-konzentrischer und radial-fibröser Ooide minimal. Die diagenetische Entwicklung der Kohlenkalkooide ist hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung deutlich von gleichalten Crinoiden- oder Brachiopodenmaterial zu unterscheiden. Strukturelle Beobachtungen lassen darauf schließen, daß radial-konzentrische und radial-fibröse Ooide ursprünglich aus Aragonit/Hoch-Mg-Calcit bzw. Hoch-Mg-Calcit bestanden. Die Zusammensetzung der Spurenelemente und die Struktur der konzentrisch aufgebauten Ooide hingegen deutet auf eine Fällung von Aragonit, der im Laufe der Diagenese zu Niedrig-Mg-Calcit umgewandelt wurde. In letzter Zeit wurde in einigen Veröffentlichungen die These vertreten, daß die Mineralogie von nicht-skelett Karbonaten zwischen Calcit und Aragonit in unbekannten Intervallen wechselt. Wechsel des atmosphärischen CO2 Drucks und des Mg/Ca Verhältnisses in den Ozeanen während des Phanerozoikums könnten Vorgänge sein, die die vorherrschende Mineralogie dieser Karbonate beeinflussen. In dieser Arbeit wird der Chemismus der Kohlenkalkooide in Verbindung mit anderen Ooiden und Daten über Mikrite des Mittelpaläozoikums bis heute in bezug auf den Wechsel zwischen »Calcit«- und »Aragonit-Ozeanen« diskutiert. Der Strontiumgehalt der Ooide (¯x = 1010 ppm, Spannbreite: 145–3010 ppm) und der Mikrite (¯x = 841 ppm, Spannbreite: 3–8800 ppm) spricht für eine primäre Aragonitfällung. Zwischen der Ooid/Mikrit Chemie und ihrer Mineralogie gab es keine mögliche statistische Korrelation. Daraus schließen wir, daß während des ganzen Phanerozoikums aragonitische Ooide und mikrite große Bedeutung in flachmarinen Schelfregionen mit Karbonatsedimentation hatten und haben. Das Vorkommen aragonitischer und calcitischer Ooide ist wahrscheinlich an hydraulische und physiko-chemische Vorgänge gebunden, die auf globale Tektonik, eustatische-, klimatische- und atmosphärische Veränderungen zurückzuführen sind. Diese führten dazu, daß die ursprüngliche Geochemie und Struktur diagenetisch verändert wurde.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 372 (1994), S. 537-540 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS; part of the US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS)) has sampled the Sargasso Sea (31° 50' N, 64° 10' W) biweekly to monthly since October 1988. The programme includes measurements of most components of the carbon cycle using ...
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-08-13
    Description: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at crossover stations. The IDP2017 consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 450 TEIs as well as standard hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing an on-line atlas that includes more than 590 section plots and 130 animated 3D scenes. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. Users can download the full data packages or make their own custom selections with a new on-line data extraction service. In addition to the actual data values, the IDP2017 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering and for statistical analysis. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2017 as section plots and rotating 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes combine data from many cruises and provide quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. These 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of tracer plumes near ocean margins or along ridges. The IDP2017 is the result of a truly international effort involving 326 researchers from 25 countries. This publication provides the critical reference for unpublished data, as well as for studies that make use of a large cross-section of data from the IDP2017. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Conway GEOTRACES - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Horner, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. González.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-09-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-03-26
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Description: Why a chapter on Perspectives and Integration in SOLAS Science in this book? SOLAS science by its nature deals with interactions that occur: across a wide spectrum of time and space scales, involve gases and particles, between the ocean and the atmosphere, across many disciplines including chemistry, biology, optics, physics, mathematics, computing, socio-economics and consequently interactions between many different scientists and across scientific generations. This chapter provides a guide through the remarkable diversity of cross-cutting approaches and tools in the gigantic puzzle of the SOLAS realm. Here we overview the existing prime components of atmospheric and oceanic observing systems, with the acquisition of ocean–atmosphere observables either from in situ or from satellites, the rich hierarchy of models to test our knowledge of Earth System functioning, and the tremendous efforts accomplished over the last decade within the COST Action 735 and SOLAS Integration project frameworks to understand, as best we can, the current physical and biogeochemical state of the atmosphere and ocean commons. A few SOLAS integrative studies illustrate the full meaning of interactions, paving the way for even tighter connections between thematic fields. Ultimately, SOLAS research will also develop with an enhanced consideration of societal demand while preserving fundamental research coherency. The exchange of energy, gases and particles across the air-sea interface is controlled by a variety of biological, chemical and physical processes that operate across broad spatial and temporal scales. These processes influence the composition, biogeochemical and chemical properties of both the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers and ultimately shape the Earth system response to climate and environmental change, as detailed in the previous four chapters. In this cross-cutting chapter we present some of the SOLAS achievements over the last decade in terms of integration, upscaling observational information from process-oriented studies and expeditionary research with key tools such as remote sensing and modelling. Here we do not pretend to encompass the entire legacy of SOLAS efforts but rather offer a selective view of some of the major integrative SOLAS studies that combined available pieces of the immense jigsaw puzzle. These include, for instance, COST efforts to build up global climatologies of SOLAS relevant parameters such as dimethyl sulphide, interconnection between volcanic ash and ecosystem response in the eastern subarctic North Pacific, optimal strategy to derive basin-scale CO2 uptake with good precision, or significant reduction of the uncertainties in sea-salt aerosol source functions. Predicting the future trajectory of Earth’s climate and habitability is the main task ahead. Some possible routes for the SOLAS scientific community to reach this overarching goal conclude the chapter.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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