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  • 1
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    Review of The greatest show in the Arctic: the American exploration of Franz Josef Land, 1898-1905 , by P. J. Capelotti (2016). (2016)
    Norwegian Polar Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-27
    Description: No abstract available. (Published: 26 October 2016) Citation: Polar Research 2016, 35 , 33648,http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.33648
    Print ISSN: 0800-0395
    Electronic ISSN: 1751-8369
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Norwegian Polar Institute
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic Defense Initiative Research A Gray Area for Ethics (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 577 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The arguments concerning the militarization of research fifteen years ago in connection with the war in Vietnam had to do with more manifest indicators of a military link. Then it was a question often of applied research, and the physical or institutional control over such research. Today we are dealing with new technologies and their basic research underpinnings. Because of the character of these new military technologies, we are facing extensive gray areas. It is no longer possible to so clearly discern boundary lines. Thus it becomes more difficult also to clearly determine when one should hold off from a certain type of research for ethical reasons. Such boundaries also blur.As research and development has become increasingly target or mission oriented, externalist assessments relating to social and political problem definitions have taken on greater prominence in defining what is important. An epistemic drift has been noted, a shift whereby assessments of quality or utility by outsiders and nonscientists have become more common. A corollary to this epistemic drift is the erosion of the meaning of basic research in the direction of practice-relevance, a problem that concerns laser physicists as well as social scientists in newly emerging disciplines.37At a very general level, we might speak of a change in the social paradigm of science, a change that has become more obvious in the last couple of decades as the role of the state has expanded.Finally it is clear that the concept of epistemic drift has to be divested of ideological overtones, particularly those that would equate it with a purist assumption of autonomy and disembodied science. Science as a whole is founded as a social mandate, and autonomy is always relative. What is at issue here is rather the integrity and meaning of scientific enterprise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb15073.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    BOS, H. J. "et al". (eds.): "Studies on Christian Huygens" (Book Review) (1983)
    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The British journal for the philosophy of science. 34 (1983) 295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-0882
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Notes: REVIEWS
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4064-1983-034-00-000042
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Credit for discoveries: Citation data as a Basis for History of Science Analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical medicine and bioethics 19 (1998), S. 609-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1200
    Keywords: AIDS ; citation analysis ; history of science ; scientific discovery ; Nobel Prize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Citation data have become an increasingly significant source of information for historians, sociologists, and other researchers studying the evolution of science. In the past few decades elaborate methodologies have been developed for the use of citation data in the study of the modern history of science. This article focuses on how citation indexes make it possible to trace the background and development of discoveries as well as to assess the credit that publishing scientists assign to particular discoverers. Kuhn's notion of discovery is discussed. The priority dispute over the discovery of the AIDS virus is used as an example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009944903620
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Huygens' theory of research and descartes' theory of knowledge II (1972)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 3 (1972), S. 9-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary A sketch is given of a way of looking at science. Research is viewed as a complex of cognitive processes with a theoretical and experimental sides. A distinction is made between context of discovery and context of presentation. In the latter “paragons of science” come into play. From this platform the “theory of research” of Christian Huygens is examined, in its contemporary situation between Baconian empiricism and Cartesian rationalism, and in connection with Galileo's outlook on method. Huygens' attitude on legitimating the results of his research production is also examined. The paper employs a method of case study, which is also discusses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01800816
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some remarks on a theory of research in the work of Aristotle (1974)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 9-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Attention to criticism and growth! It appears Aristotle had a dialectical method with two main phases: a) doxographic induction — a form of re-collecting ideas of previous generations; it is related to Plato'sanamnesis. b) organisation of knowledge by classification (taxonomy); it is natural in view of Aristotle's organismic outlook. Against common misconceptions: Aristotle was not anti-empirical, nor anti-critical (dogmatic). Doxographic induction is a prime example of critical and “empirical” methodology. Against Popper: Aristotle's subscription to the ideal of certainty(episteme) is not the main source of dogmatism in the Aristotelian paradigm. A theory of science has to take cognizance of social settings, how these support or repress critical dialectical method. Against Feyerabend: Galileo's use of re-collection (methodological anamnesis) in his dialogues is not trick persuasion; it is a continaution of an old method, viz., doxographic induction. Granted that it has always had persuasive as well as other psychological aspects. It serves the double function of giving clues, and leading the mind into the frame of a paradigm. Finally, it is proposed that theory of science and classical scholarship must sometimes call on each other, just like theory of science and history of science.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01809869
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Huygens' theory of research and descartes' theory of knowledge I (1971)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 2 (1971), S. 174-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary A sketch is given of a way of looking at science. Research is viewed as a complex of cognitive processes with theoretical and experimental sides. A distinction is made between context of discovery and context of presentation. In the latter “paragons of science” come into play. From this platform the “theory of research” of Christian Huygens is examined, in its contemporary situation between Baconian empiricism and Cartesian rationalism, and in connection with Galileo's outlook on method. Huygens' attitude on legitimating the results of his research production is also examined. The paper employs a method of case study, which is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01803364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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