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  • 1
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    Origin and fate of dissolved organic matter in four shallow Baltic Sea estuaries (2020)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Coastal waters have strong gradients in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and characteristics, originating from terrestrial inputs and autochthonous production. Enclosed seas with high freshwater input therefore experience high DOM concentrations and gradients from freshwater sources to more saline waters. The brackish Baltic Sea experiences such salinity gradients from east to west and from river mouths to the open sea. Furthermore, the catchment areas of the Baltic Sea are very diverse and vary from sparsely populated northern areas to densely populated southern zones. Coastal systems vary from enclosed or open bays, estuaries, fjords, archipelagos and lagoons where the residence time of DOM at these sites varies and may control the extent to which organic matter is biologically, chemically or physically modified or simply diluted with transport off-shore. Data of DOM with simultaneous measurements of dissolved organic (DO) nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) across a range of contrasting coastal systems are scarce. Here we present data from the Roskilde Fjord, Vistula and Öre estuaries and Curonian Lagoon; four coastal systems with large differences in salinity, nutrient concentrations, freshwater inflow and catchment characteristics. The C:N:P ratios of DOM of our data, despite high variability, show site specific significant differences resulting largely from differences residence time. Microbial processes seemed to have minor effects, and only in spring did uptake of DON in the Vistula and Öre estuaries take place and not at the other sites or seasons. Resuspension from sediments impacts bottom waters and the entire shallow water column in the Curonian Lagoon. Finally, our data combined with published data show that land use in the catchments seems to impact the DOC:DON and DOC:DOP ratios of the tributaries most.
    Description: Academy of Sciences of Finland
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: BONUS COCOA and Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
    Description: Academy of Finland
    Description: Danish Research Council for Independent Research
    Description: BONUS COCOA Project
    Description: Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde (IOW) (3484)
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; Coastal systems ; Dissolved organic matter ; Riverine input ; Baltic Sea
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Baltic Coastal Sea Ice: Allochthonous or Autochthonous Origins? (2007)
    American Chemistry Society
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 41 (21). pp. 7273-7279.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-30
    Description: The origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM) within sea ice in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea was investigated using parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis of DOM fluorescence. Sea ice DOM had distinctly different fluorescence characteristics than that of the underlying humic-rich waters and was dominated by protein-like fluorescence signals. PARAFAC analysis identified five fluorescent components, all of which were present in both sea ice and water. Three humic components were negatively correlated to salinity and concluded to be terrestrially derived material. Baltic Sea ice DOM was found to be a mixture of humic material from the underlying water column incorporated during ice formation and autochthonous material produced by organisms within the ice. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations were correlated to the humic fluorescence, indicating that the majority of the organic carbon and nitrogen in Baltic Sea ice is bound in terrestrial humic material trapped within the ice. This has implications for our understanding of sea ice carbon cycling in regions influenced by riverine input (e.g., Baltic and Arctic coastal waters), as the susceptibility of DOM to degradation and remineralization is largely determined by its source.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1021/es071210f
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Identifying Drivers of Seasonality in Lena River Biogeochemistry and Dissolved Organic Matter Fluxes (2020)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8 . Art.Nr. 53 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Warming air temperatures, shifting hydrological regimes and accelerating permafrost thaw in the catchments of the Arctic rivers is affecting their biogeochemistry. Arctic river monitoring is necessary to observe changes in the mobilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from permafrost. The Lena River is the second largest Arctic river and 71% of its catchment is continuous permafrost. Biogeochemical parameters, including temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), stable water isotopes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and absorption by colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM) have been measured as part of a new high-frequency sampling program in the central Lena River Delta. The results show strong seasonal variations of all biogeochemical parameters that generally follow seasonal patterns of the hydrograph. Optical indices of DOM indicate a trend of decreasing aromaticity and molecular weight from spring to winter. High-frequency sampling improved our estimated annual fluvial flux of annual dissolved organic carbon flux (6.79 Tg C). EC and stable isotope data were used to distinguish three different source water types which explain most of the seasonal variation in the biogeochemistry of the Lena River. These water types match signatures of (1) melt water, (2) rain water, and (3) subsurface water. Melt water and rain water accounted for 84% of the discharge flux and 86% of the DOC flux. The optical properties of melt water DOM were characteristic of fresh organic matter. In contrast, the optical properties of DOM in subsurface water revealed lower aromaticity and lower molecular weights, which indicate a shift toward an older organic matter source mobilized from deeper soil horizons or permafrost deposits. The first year of this new sampling program sets a new baseline for flux calculations of dissolved matter and has enabled the identification and characterization of water types that drive the seasonality of the Lena River water properties.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00053
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Molecular ecological chemistry in Arctic fjords at different stages of deglaciation (2016) - Cruise No. MSM56 – July 2 – July 25, 2016 – Longyearbyen (Norway) – Reykjavík (Iceland) (2017)
    DFGSenatskommission für Ozeanographie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-19
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Report - Cruise Report
  • 5
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    The Transpolar Drift as a Source of Riverine and Shelf-Derived Trace Elements to the Central Arctic Ocean (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: A major surface circulation feature of the Arctic Ocean is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), a current that transports river‐influenced shelf water from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas toward the center of the basin and Fram Strait. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program included a high‐resolution pan‐Arctic survey of carbon, nutrients, and a suite of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs). The cruises bisected the TPD at two locations in the central basin, which were defined by maxima in meteoric water and dissolved organic carbon concentrations that spanned 600 km horizontally and ~25‐50 m vertically. Dissolved TEIs such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Hg, Nd, and Th, which are generally particle‐reactive but can be complexed by organic matter, were observed at concentrations much higher than expected for the open ocean setting. Other trace element concentrations such as Al, V, Ga, and Pb were lower than expected due to scavenging over the productive East Siberian and Laptev shelf seas. Using a combination of radionuclide tracers and ice drift modeling, the transport rate for the core of the TPD was estimated at 0.9 ± 0.4 Sv (106 m3 s‐1). This rate was used to derive the mass flux for TEIs that were enriched in the TPD, revealing the importance of lateral transport in supplying materials beneath the ice to the central Arctic Ocean and potentially to the North Atlantic Ocean via Fram Strait. Continued intensification of the Arctic hydrologic cycle and permafrost degradation will likely lead to an increase in the flux of TEIs into the Arctic Ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Insights into Water Mass Origins in the Central Arctic Ocean from in‐situ Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence (2021)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The Arctic Ocean receives a large supply of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from its catchment and shelf sediments, which can be traced across much of the basin’s upper waters. This signature can potentially be used as a tracer. On the shelf, the combination of river discharge and sea-ice formation, modifies water densities and mixing considerably. These waters are a source of the halocline layer that covers much of the Arctic Ocean, but also contain elevated levels of DOM. Here we demonstrate how this can be used as a supplementary tracer and contribute to evaluating ocean circulation in the Arctic. A fraction of the organic compounds that DOM consists of fluoresce and can be measured using in-situ fluorometers. When deployed on autonomous platforms these provide high temporal and spatial resolution measurements over long periods. The results of an analysis of data derived from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800m below Arctic sea-ice. Water mass analysis using temperature, salinity and DOM fluorescence, can clearly distinguish between the contribution of Siberian terrestrial DOM and marine DOM from the Chukchi shelf to the waters of the halocline. The findings offer a new approach to trace the distribution of Pacific waters and its export from the Arctic Ocean. Our results indicate the potential to extend the approach to separate freshwater contributions from, sea-ice melt, riverine discharge and the Pacific Ocean. Key Points: Arctic surface waters with comparable temperature and salinity have contrasting in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence. Organic matter fluorescence can tracklow salinity waters feeding into the Transpolar Drift and haloclinelayers. Siberian and Chukchishelf waters can be separated based on their fluorescence to salinity relationship
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Spatial complexity in dissolved organic matter and trace elements driven by hydrography and freshwater input across the Arctic Ocean during 2015 Arctic GEOTRACES expeditions (2022)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: This study traces dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different water masses of the Arctic Ocean and its effect on the distributions of trace elements (TEs; Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd) using fluorescent properties of DOM and the terrigenous biomarker lignin. The Nansen, Amundsen, and Makarov Basins were characterized by the influence of Atlantic water and the fluvial discharge of the Siberian rivers with high concentrations of terrigenous DOM (tDOM). The Canada Basin and the Chukchi Sea were characterized by Pacific water, modified through contact with productive shelf sediments with elevated levels of marine DOM. Within the surface layer of the Beaufort Gyre, meteoric water (river water and precipitation) was characterized by low concentrations of lignin and terrigenous DOM fluorescence proxies as DOM is removed during freezing. High-resolution in situ fluorescence profiles revealed that DOM distribution closely followed isopycnals, indicating the strong influence of sea-ice formation and melt, which was also reflected in strong correlations between DOM fluorescence and brine contributions. The relationship of DOM and hydrography to TEs showed that terrigenous and marine DOM were likely carriers of dissolved Fe, Ni, Cu from the Eurasian shelves into the central Arctic Ocean. Chukchi shelf sediments were important sources of dCd, dZn, and dNi, as well as marine ligands that bind and carry these TEs offshore within the upper halocline (UHC) in the Canada Basin. Our data suggest that tDOM components represent stronger ligands relative to marine DOM components, potentially facilitating the long-range transport of TE to the North Atlantic. Key Points Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) distribution in the Arctic Ocean is largely controlled by sea ice formation and melt processes DOM distribution in the Arctic Ocean reveals its potential as a tracer for halocline formation and freshwater source assignments Terrigenous and marine DOM are carriers of trace elements from shelves to the open Arctic Ocean, but terrigenous DOM represent stronger ligands
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Insights into the origins, molecular characteristics and distribution of iron-binding ligands in the Arctic Ocean (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Dissolved lignin phenols, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (DOM), and in situ fluorescence were determined in waters of the Laptev Sea and major Arctic basins, and they were compared with dissolved iron (dFe) distributions to elucidate the sources, molecular characteristics and distributions of iron-binding ligands in the Arctic Ocean. In the Transpolar Drift region (TPD), concentrations of dFe were positively correlated with concentrations of lignin phenols and multiple optical proxies of DOM composition and source. Strong relationships between dFe and visible and ultraviolet wavelength fluorescent DOM indicated that vascular plant and algal-derived DOM contributed to the dFe-ligand pool. These observations are consistent with previous studies suggesting the association of dFe with humic terrigenous and marine organic ligands. The primary sources of iron-binding ligands appear to be the riverine discharge of terrigenous DOM, marine organic matter produced on the shelves, and degradation products of plankton-derived organic matter in the shelf sediments. A stronger relationship between dFe and visible wavelength CDOM fluorescence than with lignin phenols suggested the presence of multiple terrigenous ligands, such as aromatic tannins. The aromatic nature of these terrigenous ligands was indicated by a strong relationship between dFe and the absorption coefficient at 254 nm. A strong negative correlation between the p-hydroxyl to vanillyl lignin phenols ratio and dissolved iron concentrations indicated recently-discharged terrigenous DOM (tDOM) was an important source of iron-binding ligands. Given the strong relationships of marine and terrigenous DOM with dissolved iron, iron-binding functional groups appear to occur in diverse molecules of multiple sources. Examples of such iron-binding functional groups included catechols and carboxylates found in lignins and tannins of terrigenous origins and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) of terrigenous and marine origins. The observed dFe distributions in the Arctic Ocean could not be explained by the presence of a single ligand type, but rather by a potpourri of ligand molecules of varying concentrations and binding strengths. This molecular diversity of ligands and associated binding strengths ultimately controls the distribution and transport of dFe in the Arctic Ocean and beyond.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Dissolved organic matter in the Lena River Delta Region, Siberia, Russia (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Gonçalves-Araujo, Rafael; Stedmon, Colin A; Heim, Birgit; Dubinenkov, Ivan; Kraberg, Alexandra Claudia; Moiseev, Denis; Bracher, Astrid (2015): From fresh to marine waters: characterization and fate of dissolved organic matter in the Lena River delta region, Siberia. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2(108), 13 pp, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00108
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-12
    Description: Connectivity between the terrestrial and marine environment in the Artic is changing as a result of climate change, influencing both freshwater budgets and the supply of carbon to the sea. This study characterizes the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) within the Lena Delta region and evaluates the behavior of DOM across the fresh water-marine gradient. Six fluorescent components (four humic-like; one marine humic-like; one protein-like) were identified by Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) with a clear dominance of allochthonous humic-like signals. Colored DOM (CDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were highly correlated and had their distribution coupled with hydrographical conditions. Higher DOM concentration and degree of humification were associated with the low salinity waters of the Lena River. Values decreased towards the higher salinity Laptev Sea shelf waters. Results demonstrate different responses of DOM mixing in relation to the vertical structure of the water column, as reflecting the hydrographical dynamics in the region. Two mixing curves for DOM were apparent. In surface waters above the pycnocline there was a sharper decrease in DOM concentration in relation to salinity indicating removal. In the bottom water layer the DOM decrease within salinity was less. We propose there is a removal of DOM occurring primarily at the surface layer, which is likely driven by photodegradation and flocculation.
    Keywords: Absorption coefficient, 350 nm; Absorption coefficient, 443 nm; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Biological index; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Fluorescence index; Fluorescence intensity, maximum, DOM; Humification index; Laptev Sea; Latitude of event; Lena2013; Longitude of event; MULT; Multiple investigations; Ratio; RU-Land_2013_Lena; Salinity; Specific ultraviolet absorbance normalized to DOC; Spectral slope of colored dissolved organic matter absorption; T1-1301; T1-1302; T1-1303; T1-1304; T1-1305; T1-1306; T1-1307; T1-3X-1; T4-1301; T4-1303; T4-1304; T4-1305; T5-1301; T5-1303; T5-1304; T6-1301; T6-1302; T6-1303; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1851 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    (Table 1) Chlorophyll a concentration of samples collected during a DANA cruise in 2010 in Fyllas Bank and Godthåbsfjord
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Area/locality; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; CTD, Seacat; CTD-S; Dana10_FB2_1; Dana10_FB3.5_1; Dana10_GF1_1; Dana10_GF10_1; Dana10_GF10bis; Dana10_GF11_1; Dana10_GF2_1; Dana10_GF3_1; Dana10_GF6_1; Dana10_K2_1; Dana10_K4_1; Dana10/1; Dana II; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Event label; Fyllas Banke, West Greenland; Godthåbsfjord, West Greenland; Kapisigdlit, West Greenland; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Sampling date; Station label; Temperature, technical
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 77 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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