Keywords:
Oceanography.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (438 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783319545714
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=4853816
DDC:
577.510113
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Numerical Experiment of Stratification Induced by Diurnal Solar Heating Over the Louisiana Shelf -- Abstract -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Numerical Model -- 1.3 Model Specification -- 1.3.1 Modeling Period and Data -- 1.3.2 Model Inputs -- 1.3.2.1 Heat Flux -- 1.3.2.2 Wind Data -- 1.3.2.3 Initial Temperature Profile -- 1.3.3 Boundary Conditions -- 1.4 Simulation Results -- 1.4.1 Model Evaluation -- 1.4.2 Sea Surface Temperature -- 1.4.3 Vertical Distribution of Temperature -- 1.5 Representing Stratification Based on Gradient Richardson Number -- 1.6 Diurnal Heating/Stratification and Measured Bottom Oxygen Concentration -- 1.7 Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix A: Formulation of Different Surface Heat Components -- References -- 2 Physical Drivers of the Circulation and Thermal Regime Impacting Seasonal Hypoxia in Green Bay, Lake Michigan -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods -- 2.2.1 New Field Measurements -- 2.2.2 Historical Observations -- 2.2.3 Meteorological Forcing -- 2.2.4 Modeling -- 2.2.5 Model Validation -- 2.2.6 Spectral Analysis -- 2.2.7 Effects of Earth's Rotation -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.3.1 Relation Between the Surface Heat Flux and Stratification -- 2.3.2 Relation Between Wind Fields and Circulation Pattern -- 2.3.3 Relation Between Wind Direction and Water Exchange Between Green Bay and Lake Michigan -- 2.3.4 Estimation of Water Transport Between Lower and Upper Green Bay -- 2.3.5 Effects of Wind, Stratification, Earth's Rotation, and the Bay and Lake Topography on Two-Layer Flows -- 2.3.6 Effects of Stratification, Earth's Rotation, and the Bay and Lake Topography on the Direction of Currents -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References.
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3 Interannual Variation in Stratification over the Texas--Louisiana Continental Shelf and Effects on Seasonal Hypoxia -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Model Setup -- 3.3 Results -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 A Reduced Complexity, Hybrid Empirical-Mechanistic Model of Eutrophication and Hypoxia in Shallow Marine Ecosystems -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methods -- 4.2.1 Study System -- 4.2.2 Ecosystem Model Kinetics -- 4.2.2.1 Phytoplankton Biomass and Production -- 4.2.2.2 Pelagic Respiration -- 4.2.2.3 Carbon Deposition and Sediment Fluxes -- 4.2.2.4 Remaining Formulations -- 4.2.3 Forcing Functions -- 4.2.4 Spatial Elements and Transport Model -- 4.2.5 Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis -- 4.3 Results and Discussion -- 4.3.1 Phytoplankton -- 4.3.2 Nutrients -- 4.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen -- 4.3.4 Rate Processes -- 4.3.5 Model Skill -- 4.3.6 Sensitivity Analysis -- 4.4 Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Modeling Physical and Biogeochemical Controls on Dissolved Oxygen in Chesapeake Bay: Lessons Learned from Simple and Complex Approaches -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methods and Approach -- 5.2.1 Box Model with Biogeochemistry (BM-RCA) -- 5.2.2 Hydrodynamic 3D Model with Simple Oxygen (ROMS-SDO) -- 5.2.3 Hydrodynamic 3D Model with Biogeochemistry (ROMS-RCA) -- 5.2.4 Calibration and Validation Datasets -- 5.3 Insights Gained from Model Simulations -- 5.3.1 Comparison of Model Performance -- 5.3.2 Insights Gained from BM-RCA -- 5.3.3 Insights Gained from ROMS-SDO -- 5.3.4 Insights Gained from ROMS-RCA: Interannual Variation -- 5.3.5 Insights Gained from ROMS-RCA: Response to Nutrient Loading -- 5.4 Summary and Synthesis -- 5.4.1 Lessons Learned from Different Models -- 5.4.2 Considerations for the Future -- 5.4.3 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References.
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6 Modeling Hypoxia and Its Ecological Consequences in Chesapeake Bay -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methods -- 6.2.1 ChesROMS: Physical Model and Forcing Fields -- 6.2.2 ChesROMS: Biogeochemical Model Configuration -- 6.2.3 Model Assessment and Validation -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 Seasonal Variability in the Physical Environment -- 6.3.2 Seasonal Variability of Biochemical Constituents -- 6.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Results -- 6.3.4 Assessment of Model Skill and Parameter Sensitivities -- 6.4 ChesROMS Application to Ecological Forecasting of Chesapeake Bay -- 6.5 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Modeling River-Induced Phosphorus Limitation in the Context of Coastal Hypoxia -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Occurrence of P Limitation in Hypoxic Systems -- 7.2.1 Neuse River Estuary -- 7.2.2 Chesapeake Bay -- 7.2.3 Northern Gulf of Mexico -- 7.2.4 Baltic Sea -- 7.2.5 One-Dimensional Flow-Through Versus Dispersive Open Systems -- 7.3 Modeling P Limitation in Coastal Hypoxic Systems -- 7.3.1 Statistical Regressions -- 7.3.2 Coupled Physical-Biogeochemical Models -- 7.3.2.1 Formulations of Limitation by Multiple Nutrients -- 7.3.2.2 Sediment-Water Fluxes -- 7.3.2.3 Box Models -- 7.3.2.4 Hydrodynamic Models -- 7.4 The Mississippi River Plume Case Study -- 7.4.1 Model Description -- 7.4.2 Spatial/Temporal Shift in Primary Production -- 7.4.3 The Dilution Effect -- 7.4.4 Hypoxia Remediation Strategies -- 7.5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Predicted Effects of Climate Change on Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Model Description and Numerical Experiment -- 8.2.1 Hydrodynamic and Ecosystem Model Description -- 8.2.2 In Situ Observations Used to Assess Model Results -- 8.3 Results -- 8.3.1 Model Hindcast Comparison to Observations.
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8.3.2 Numerical Experiment with Future Climate Scenario -- 8.4 Discussion -- 8.4.1 Present Model Results and Future Scenario Implications for Hypoxia -- 8.4.2 Future Scenario Implications for Hypoxia -- 8.4.3 Climate and Modeling Uncertainties -- 8.4.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Appendices A-F -- A. State Variables -- A.1 Phytoplankton -- A.2 Zooplankton -- A.3 Organic Matter -- A.4 Nutrients -- A.5 Oxygen -- B. Optical Equations -- C. Phytoplankton Equations -- C.1 Phytoplankton Growth -- C.2 Phytoplankton Light-Growth Dependence -- C.3 Phytoplankton Nutrient-Growth Dependence -- C.4 Phytoplankton Losses -- C.5 Phytoplankton Uptake and Utilization of N, P, and Si -- D. Zooplankton Equations -- E. Organic Matter Equations -- E.1 Organic Matter Types and Stoichiometry -- E.2 Reaction Equations -- F. Air-Sea Exchange -- References -- 9 Oregon Shelf Hypoxia Modeling -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Hypoxia Variability on the Oregon Shelf -- 9.3 Model of Oregon Shelf Hypoxia -- 9.3.1 Atmospheric Forcing, Initial and Open Boundary Physical Conditions -- 9.3.2 Initial and Open Boundary Ecosystem Conditions -- 9.3.3 Model-Data Comparisons -- 9.4 Description of Oregon Shelf Hypoxia in 2002 and 2006 -- 9.5 Sensitivity Analysis Experiment in 2002 -- 9.5.1 Analysis of the Basic Simulation in the Sensitivity Experiment -- 9.5.2 Sensitivity Simulations with Modified Initial Conditions -- 9.5.3 Sensitivity Simulation with Modified Boundary Conditions -- 9.6 Role of Physical and Biological Drivers -- 9.7 Discussion and Conclusions -- Appendix A. Oxygen Formulation -- References -- 10 Comparing Default Movement Algorithms for Individual Fish Avoidance of Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Methods -- 10.2.1 FVCOM-WASP -- 10.2.2 Movement Algorithms -- 10.2.3 Algorithm Groups -- 10.2.4 Model Runs.
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10.2.5 Data Analysis and Visualization -- 10.3 Results -- 10.3.1 Exposure -- 10.3.2 Distribution Spread -- 10.3.3 Temperature -- 10.3.4 Growth and Vitality -- 10.4 Discussion -- 10.4.1 Avoidance and Default Behaviors -- 10.4.2 Exposure -- 10.4.3 Algorithm Comparison -- 10.4.4 Real Versus Model -- 10.4.5 Impacts -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Hypoxia Effects Within an Intra-guild Predation Food Web of Mnemiopsis leidyi Ctenophores, Larval Fish, and Copepods -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Model Description -- 11.2.1 Overview -- 11.2.2 Water Column Structure -- 11.2.3 Larval Fish-Energetics and Consumption -- 11.2.4 Ctenophores-General Bioenergetics -- 11.2.5 Ctenophores-Encounters, Consumption, and Energetics -- 11.2.6 Copepods -- 11.2.7 Vertical Movement of Fish, Ctenophores, and Copepods -- 11.2.8 Dissolved Oxygen Effects -- 11.2.9 Numerical Considerations -- 11.3 Design of Model Simulations -- 11.3.1 Calibration and Corroboration -- 11.3.2 Predation, Competition, and DO Effects Within the IGP Food Web -- 11.4 Results and Discussion -- 11.4.1 Model Calibration and Corroboration -- 11.4.2 Baseline Model Behavior Under High DO -- 11.4.3 Effect of Low DO in the Baseline Food Web -- 11.4.4 Importance of Predation Versus Competition to Fish Larvae Under High DO -- 11.4.5 Interaction of Low DO with Different Predation and Competition Conditions -- 11.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix A. Stage-Based Matrix Projection Models for Fish Eggs and Yolk Sac Larvae, and Ctenophore Eggs and Larvae -- References -- 12 Simulating the Effects of Nutrient Loading Rates and Hypoxia on Bay Anchovy in Chesapeake Bay Using Coupled Hydrodynamic, Water Quality, and Individual-Based Fish Models -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methods -- 12.2.1 Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Model -- 12.2.2 Bay Anchovy Model.
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12.2.2.1 Annual Recruitment of Juveniles.
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