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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electron and Ion Densities Measurement in Reactive Magnetron Zinc Sputtering Plasma
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2013
    In:  Advanced Materials Research Vol. 832 ( 2013-11), p. 344-349
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 832 ( 2013-11), p. 344-349
    Abstract: Abstract. Investigation on the plasma properties is an essential fundamental works in order to precisely control the growth of nanoscale thin film. In the present work, we produced and study the reactive magnetron sputtering plasma in Ar+O 2 ambient using a solid Zn target as sputter source. We evaluate the electron temperature, electron density and ion density using Langmuir probe measurement as a function of O 2 flow rate and working pressure. We found that the electron temperature increased spontaneously with the oxygen flow rate. The electron temperature was almost doubled when O 2 flow rate increased from 0 sccm to 10 sccm. The electron and ion densities increased with the oxygen flow rate between 0 sccm and 5 sccm. However, after 5 sccm of O 2 flow rate which is approximately 11% of O 2 /(O 2 +Ar) flow rate ratio the electron density decreased drastically. This is due to the electron attachment and the production of negative ion species in Ar+O 2 plasma environment. In addition, we found that the ion flux increase monotonically with the O 2 flow rate thus will increase the ion bombardment effect on the deposited thin film and eventually damage the thin film. Our experimental results suggest that the O 2 flow rate and the working pressure would have a significant influence on ion bombardment effect on deposited thin film.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.832
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.832.344
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2265002-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Etching Time on Surface Structural Properties of p- and n- Type Porous Silicon Nanostructures by Photo-Electrochemical Anodic Etching
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2012
    In:  Advanced Materials Research Vol. 576 ( 2012-10), p. 511-515
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 576 ( 2012-10), p. 511-515
    Abstract: Porous silicon nanostructures (PSiN) are nanoporous materials which consist of uniform network of interconnected pore. The structure of PSiN is depending on etching parameters, including current density, HF electrolyte concentration, substrate doping type and level. In this work, the results of a structural p-type and n-type of porous silicon nanostructures were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is reported. Samples were prepared by photo-electrochemical anodization of p- and n-type crystalline silicon in HF electrolyte at different etching time. The surface morphology of PSiN was studied by FESEM with same magnification shown n-type surface form crack faster than p-type of PSiN. While the topography and roughness of PSiN was characterize by AFM. From topography shown the different etching time for both type PSiN produce different porosity and roughness respectively. There is good agreement between p- and n-type have different in terms of surface characteristic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.576
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.576.511
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2265002-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Toxicity of SWCNT Synthesized from Fermented Tapioca on SH-SY5Y Cells
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2015
    In:  Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1109 ( 2015-6), p. 370-375
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 1109 ( 2015-6), p. 370-375
    Abstract: The unique physical properties and strength of carbon nanotube (CNT) lend to its wide application in many fields as diverse engineering, physics and biomedicine. Biomedicine, the toxicity of CNTs was cause for concern on the application as a delivery tool for therapeutic proteins, peptides and genes in the treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration. CNTs were reported to exert adverse effects on normal neuronal function, probably due accumulation in the brain, leading to brain damage. Thus, toxicity tests of CNTs on cells would be relevant in determining potential side effects and dosage. This study was set out to evaluate the toxicity of SWCNTs derived from fermented tapioca on SH-SY5Y cells. Fermented tapioca, was a well known Malaysian local food, and was an excellent precursor for SWCNT synthesis. The raw synthesized SWCNTs were directly used to study the effect on SH-SY5Y cells. Cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity test were performed. The neurotoxicity test results showed higher cell viability compared to the cytotoxicity test. Cell viability for neurotoxicity test was above 50 % for CNT concentration ranges of 250 μg/ml and below. However cell viability decreased markedly at 500 μg/ml. The percentage of cell viability was high at 50 μg/ml and below for the first 24 h of treatment but longer treatment duration resulted in significant decrease in cell viability for all concentrations above 10 μg/ml. These findings demonstrated that CNTs were safe when used at concentration less than 10 μg/ml.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109.370
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2265002-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BET Analysis on Carbon Nanotubes: Comparison between Single and Double Stage Thermal CVD Method
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2012
    In:  Advanced Materials Research Vol. 626 ( 2012-12), p. 289-293
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 626 ( 2012-12), p. 289-293
    Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have many applications and therefore widely produced. However, it is limited due to the high production cost. In this paper, by preparing the CNTs using the Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition method, CNTs were synthesized with a low cost method since palm oil is used as the precursor which is a biodegradable and cheap source. The aerosol or spray pyrolysis method is used for single stage and double stage TCVD method. Then, the samples were both collected at deposition temperature of 750°C and were characterized using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method. Since CNTs are said to have high surface area therefore BET method is used to prove this fact. Results showed that by using double stage TCVD method, more CNTs were synthesized compared to single stage TCVD method which produced more impurities namely amorphous carbon. CNTs also have higher surface area compared to amorphous carbon. To support this result, the images of the CNTs produced by same method but different parameters were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and the raman spectra was determined by the raman spectroscopy characterization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.626
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.626.289
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2265002-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface Morphology of Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2014
    In:  Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 534 ( 2014-2), p. 63-68
    Details
    In: Applied Mechanics and Materials, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 534 ( 2014-2), p. 63-68
    Abstract: The nanoscale materials have a large surface area for a given volume. The larger particle size has some disadvantages such as it can increase the sensitivity to defects. Thus, in this study, the titanium dioxide was synthesized using new method of sol gel assisted with the milling process to investigate its structural and surface morphology. FESEM results show the agglomeration of the particles produces the large particle size of TiO 2 . In the milling process, longer milling time of 6 h does not affects much on the size of the particles of TiO 2 , but more affects on its surface morphology of TiO 2 . The effect on the milling amount of TiO 2 also were studied where 4 gram TiO 2 shows the highest agglomeration of the sample and 6 gram TiO 2 shows the smooth surface compared to others. Finally, the best structure of TiO 2 was added into the PMMA to investigate the effects of TiO 2 on the composite surface morphology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.534
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.534.63
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2251882-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Using Zinc Nitrate as a Catalyst by Aerosol-Assisted Catalytic Single Furnace CVD
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2012
    In:  Advanced Materials Research Vol. 576 ( 2012-10), p. 349-352
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 576 ( 2012-10), p. 349-352
    Abstract: Carbon nanotubes were synthesized from the aerosol-assisted catalytic CVD method using palm oil as the precursor and 0.05M zinc nitrate solution as the catalyst. The deposition temperature of the single furnace aerosol-assisted catalytic CVD ranged from 750 to 950 oC. The samples were then characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). CNTs with different diameters and distribution were produced at certain deposition temperature and amorphous carbons were also present in the samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.576
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.576.349
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Properties of Boron Doped Amorphous Carbon Films at -30 V and -50 V for Carbon Based Solar Cell Applications
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2015
    In:  Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1109 ( 2015-6), p. 143-147
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 1109 ( 2015-6), p. 143-147
    Abstract: The a-C:B film were prepared by mixing vapor of hydrocarbon palm oil, boron dopant, carrier gas, and argon in the chamber deposited at -30 V and -50 V of negative bias voltage. The effect of these negative bias voltage on the thickness, electrical and electronic properties of a-C:B film were investigated. It was observed, the optical band gap slightly changed (2.0 eV to 2.04 eV). The fabricated solar cell with the configuration of Au/p-C:B/n-Si/Au achieved conversion efficiency (η) of 0.192% at applied bias voltage of -50 V. This result showed by the applied of negative bias voltage can controlled the interstitial doping of boron in the amorphous carbon films network.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109.143
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Characterized of Carbon Nanotubes from Fermented Tapioca
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2015
    In:  Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1109 ( 2015-6), p. 365-369
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 1109 ( 2015-6), p. 365-369
    Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been synthesized by pyrolysing fermented tapioca liquid using an immersed heater. It was made single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) through heating at 700, 800 and 900 °C by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method and characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The synthesized SWCNT demonstrated larger diameters at 700 °C which decreased at 800 and 900 °C, respectively. The SWCNTs were indicated based on the radial breathing mode (RBM) peak present between 200 - 300 raman shift (cm -1 ). The diameters of synthesized CNTs ranged between 54 - 200 nm. Raman spectrum revealed that the G-bands were 1569, 1582 and 1576 cm -1 , respectively, whereas the D-bands were 1346, 1350 and 1358 cm -1 for SWCNT synthesis at 700, 800 and 900 °C, respectively. The modified CVD method set up in the present study was successfully used for large scale synthesis of CNTs from an aqueous precursor such as fermented tapioca liquid.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109.365
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dielectric and I-V Characteristic of Lead Titanate Thin Films Prepared on ITO Glass Substrate
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. ; 2015
    In:  Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1109 ( 2015-6), p. 461-465
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Vol. 1109 ( 2015-6), p. 461-465
    Abstract: Performance of lead titanate, (PbTiO 3 ) thin films have been successfully investigated on microstructural properties, I-V characteristic, dielectric properties, and ferroelectric properties. PbTiO 3 offers variety of application as transducer, ferroelectric random access memory, transistor, high performance capacitor, sensor, and many more due to its ferroelectric behavior. Preparation of the films are often discussed in order to improve the structural properties, like existence of grain boundaries, particle uniformity, presents of microcrack films, porosities, and many more. Yet, researchers still prepare PbTiO 3 thin films at high crystallization temperature, certainly above than 600 ̊C to obtain single crystal perovskite structure that would be the reason to gain high spontaneous polarization behavior. Although this will results to high dielectric constant value, the chances that leads to high leakage current is a major failure in device performance. Thus, preparation the thin films at low annealing temperature quite an essential study which is more preferable deposited on low-cost soda lime glass. The study focuses on low annealing temperature of PbTiO 3 thin films through sol-gel spin coating method and undergo for dielectric and I-V measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109.461
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Annealing Environments on the Solution-Grown, Aligned Aluminium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Array-Based Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensor
    Hindawi Limited ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Nanomaterials Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-15
    Details
    In: Journal of Nanomaterials, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-15
    Abstract: We have fabricated metal-semiconductor-metal- (MSM-) type ultraviolet (UV) photoconductive sensors using aluminium- (Al-) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays that were annealed in different environments: air, oxygen, or a vacuum. The Al-doped ZnO nanorods had an average diameter of 60 nm with a thickness of approximately 600 nm that included the seed layer (with thickness ~ 200 nm). Our results show that the vacuum-annealed nanorod-array-based UV photoconductive sensor has the highest photocurrent value of     2.43     ×     10 - 4  A. The high photocurrent is due to the high concentration of zinc (Zn) interstitials in the vacuum-annealed nanorod arrays. In contrast, the oxygen-annealing process applied to the Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays produced highly sensitive UV photoconductive sensors, in which the sensitivity reached 55.6, due to the surface properties of the oxygen-annealed nanorods, which have a higher affinity for oxygen adsorption than the other samples and were thereby capable of reducing the sensor’s dark current. In addition, the sensor fabricated using the oxygen-annealed nanorod arrays had the lowest rise and decay time constants. Our result shows that the annealing environment greatly affects the surface condition and properties of the Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays, which influences the performance of the UV photoconductive sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-4110 , 1687-4129
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2012/189279
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2229480-6
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