Publication Date:
2021-05-12
Description:
The time series of geochemical data available for the network ofwells and drainage galleries atMt. Etna has been
analyzed to identify the changes in water chemistry related to the input of volcanic CO2 and those related to
hydrogeological dynamics. The dynamics of hydrological systems is mainly affected by changes in the rainfall,
since this influences the yields of both springs and drainage galleries and the height of thewater table of unconfined
aquifers. In addition, the characteristics of hydrological systems can change with the fluid pressure. These
mechanisms are probably enhanced by changes in the crustal strain,which can cause interbasin transfer ofwater.
The changes in water circulation are paralleled by variations in physicochemical characteristics of groundwater,
since water transfer probably occurs among water bodies with different temperatures and compositions.
Based on the abovemechanisms, the contribution of different water types has been estimated according to their
chemical composition: it has been assumed that water circulating in the volcanic pile has a typical HCO3
−-rich
composition,whereas Cl−, SO4
=, andNO3
− could be contributed by rainfall, anthropogenic pollution, and sedimentary
fluids rich in Na+ and Cl−. The compositionally different endmembers have been identified based on the results
of factor analysis,which allowed those chemicals accounted for by a singlewater endmember to be grouped
within the same factor. In some cases the SO4
= enrichment is related to the dissolution of SO4
=-bearing alteration
minerals contained in volcanic sequences, and in such cases this is associated with HCO3
−. We hypothesize a binary
mixing between the HCO3
−-rich volcanic end member and an end member pollutedwith Cl−, SO4
=, andNO3
−
related to water circulation at shallow levels. These two end members are identified by their HCO3
−/(Cl−+SO4
=
+NO3
−) ratio and Cl−, SO4
=, and NO3
− contents measured at each sampling site. The extent of mixing between
these different water types changes over time, probably due to changes in their circulation patterns, with
water being transferred from/towater bodieswith different compositions. Once the proportion of the HCO3
− content
related to the binary mixing is determined, we can compute the amount of HCO3
− related to the variable
input of CO2 over time into the aquifer. The obtained temporal trends are—over a long time period—synchronous
in the two sectors of the volcanowhere themaximal CO2 degassing occurs, namely the Paternò-Belpasso area on
the southwestern flank and the Zafferana-S. Venerina area on the eastern flank. This provides evidence for a common
deepmechanism underlying the CO2 variations that is related to the dynamics of the volcano. Some inconsistent
trends are observed in the two sectors during specific periods, such as in 2012, which is probably due to
the marked dynamics affecting the eastern flank compared to the more stable southwestern one.
Description:
Published
Description:
71-84
Description:
4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
Description:
5V. Dinamica dei processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
Description:
JCR Journal
Repository Name:
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Type:
article
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