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  • 1
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    Impact of ocean acidification on escape performance of the king scallop, Pecten maximus, from Norway (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 160 (8). pp. 1995-2006.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-01
    Description: The ongoing process of ocean acidification already affects marine life, and according to the concept of oxygen and capacity limitation of thermal tolerance, these effects may be intensified at the borders of the thermal tolerance window. We studied the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on clapping performance and energy metabolism of the commercially important scallop Pecten maximus. Individuals were exposed for at least 30 days to 4 °C (winter) or to 10 °C (spring/summer) at either ambient (0.04 kPa, normocapnia) or predicted future PCO2 levels (0.11 kPa, hypercapnia). Cold-exposed (4 °C) groups revealed thermal stress exacerbated by PCO2 indicated by a high mortality overall and its increase from 55 % under normocapnia to 90 % under hypercapnia. We therefore excluded the 4 °C groups from further experimentation. Scallops at 10 °C showed impaired clapping performance following hypercapnic exposure. Force production was significantly reduced although the number of claps was unchanged between normocapnia- and hypercapnia-exposed scallops. The difference between maximal and resting metabolic rate (aerobic scope) of the hypercapnic scallops was significantly reduced compared with normocapnic animals, indicating a reduction in net aerobic scope. Our data confirm that ocean acidification narrows the thermal tolerance range of scallops resulting in elevated vulnerability to temperature extremes and impairs the animal’s performance capacity with potentially detrimental consequences for its fitness and survival in the ocean of tomorrow.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-2057-8
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Climate Change: Warming Impacts on Marine Biodiversity (2018)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Handbook on Marine Environment Protection, Cham, Switzerland, Springer, 21 p., pp. 353-373, ISBN: 978-3-319-60156-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-09
    Description: In this chapter, the effects of temperature change—as a main aspect of climate change—on marine biodiversity are assessed. Starting from a general discussion of species responses to temperature, the chapter presents how species respond to warming. These responses comprise adaptation and phenotypic plasticity as well as range shifts. The observed range shifts show more rapid shifts at the poleward range edge than at the equator-near edge, which probably reflects more rapid immigration than extinction in a warming world. A third avenue of changing biodiversity is change in species interactions, which can be altered by temporal and spatial shifts in interacting species. We then compare the potential changes in biodiversity to actual trends recently addressed in empirical synthesis work on local marine biodiversity, which lead to conceptual issues in quantifying the degree of biodiversity change. Finally we assess how climate change impacts the protection of marine environments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Bivalve Shells—Unique High-Resolution Archives of the Environmental Past (2015)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Towards an Interdisciplinary Approach in Earth System Science, (Springer Earth System Sciences), Heidelberg [u.a.], Springer, 251 p., pp. 173-182, ISBN: 978-3-319-13864-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-11
    Description: Understanding the climate of the past is essential for anticipating future climate change. Palaeoclimatic archives are the key to the past, but few marine archives (including tropical corals) combine long recording times (decades to centuries) with high temporal resolution (decadal to intra-annual). In temperate and polar regions carbonate shells can perform the equivalent function as a proxy archive as corals do in the tropics. The bivalve Arctica islandica is a particularly unique bio-archive owing to its wide distribution throughout the North Atlantic and its extreme longevity (up to 500 years). This paper exemplifies how information at intra-annual and decadal scales is derived from A. islandica shells and combined into a detailed picture of past conditions. Oxygen isotope analysis (δ18O) provides information on the intra-annual temperature cycle while frequency analysis of shell growth records identifies decadal variability such as a distinct 5-year signal, which might be linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    The Significance of the long lived (〉400 Years) bivalve Arctica islandica as a high-resolution bioarchive (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth system science: bridging the gap between disciplines, Earth system science: bridging the gap between disciplines, Heidelberg, Springer, 7 p., pp. 97-103, ISBN: 978-3-642-32234-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Information about past environmental conditions is preserved in the elemental signature of biogenic marine carbonates. Thus, trace element to calcium ratios (Me/Ca) of biogenic calcium carbonates, such as bivalve shells, are often used to reconstruct past environmental conditions at the time of carbonate formation (Foster et al., 2008). In this study, we examine the suitability of the long-lived (〉 400 years) bivalve Arctica islandica as a high-resolution bioarchive by measuring Me/Ca ratios in the shell carbonate. Pb/Ca concentrations in A. islandica shells reflect anthropogenic gasoline lead consumption and further provide a centennial record of lead pollution for the collection site off the coast of Virginia, USA. With A. islandica shells from the North Sea we test the hypothesis that Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios are indicators of the diatom abundance. Our results indicate that statistically both ratios correlate well with the diatom abundance, and yet, on a year-to-year base, there is no consistent reflection of diatom abundance patterns in the Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca annual profiles. These findings indicate that primary production affects Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca shell ratios, though we suggest that both elements are coupled to primary production through different processes and are affected by further, yet unknown processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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