Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
Calcification in many invertebrate species is predicted to decline due to ocean acidification. The potential effects of elevated CO2 and reduced carbonate saturation state on other species, such as fish, are less well understood. Fish otoliths (earbones) are composed of aragonite, and thus, might be susceptible to either the reduced availability of carbonate ions in seawater at low pH, or to changes in extracellular concentrations of bicarbonate and carbonate ions caused by acid-base regulation in fish exposed to high pCO2. We reared larvae of the clownfish Amphiprion percula from hatching to settlement at three pHNBS and pCO2 levels (control: ~pH 8.15 and 404 µatm CO2; intermediate: pH 7.8 and 1050 µatm CO2; extreme: pH 7.6 and 1721 µatm CO2) to test the possible effects of ocean acidification on otolith development. There was no effect of the intermediate treatment (pH 7.8 and 1050 µatm CO2) on otolith size, shape, symmetry between left and right otoliths, or otolith elemental chemistry, compared with controls. However, in the more extreme treatment (pH 7.6 and 1721 µatm CO2) otolith area and maximum length were larger than controls, although no other traits were significantly affected. Our results support the hypothesis that pH regulation in the otolith endolymph can lead to increased precipitation of CaCO3 in otoliths of larval fish exposed to elevated CO2, as proposed by an earlier study, however, our results also show that sensitivity varies considerably among species. Importantly, our results suggest that otolith development in clownfishes is robust to even the more pessimistic changes in ocean chemistry predicted to occur by 2100.
Keywords:
Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Amphiprion percula; Amphiprion percula, length; Amphiprion percula, length, standard error; Amphiprion percula, otolith, area; Amphiprion percula, otolith, area, standard error; Amphiprion percula, otolith, circularity; Amphiprion percula, otolith, circularity, standard error; Amphiprion percula, otolith, length; Amphiprion percula, otolith, length, standard error; Amphiprion percula, otolith, rectangularity; Amphiprion percula, otolith, rectangularity, standard error; Amphiprion percula, otolith, width; Amphiprion percula, otolith, width standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Comment; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Image analysis; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; LA-ICP-MS Thermo Finnigan Element 2; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Otolith, Barium/Calcium ratio; Otolith, Barium/Calcium ratio, standard error; Otolith, Lithium/Calcium ratio; Otolith, Lithium/Calcium ratio, standard error; Otolith, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Otolith, Magnesium/Calcium ratio, standard error; Otolith, Manganese/Calcium ratio; Otolith, Manganese/Calcium ratio, standard error; Otolith, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Otolith, Strontium/Calcium ratio, standard error; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH meter (TPS WP80); Salinity; see reference(s); Single species; South Pacific; Species; Temperature, standard deviation; Temperature, water; Titration
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 354 data points
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