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  • 2015-2019  (3)
  • 2010-2014  (5)
  • 1975-1979  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GATE : CTD data measured on the F.R.G. ships shipboard operations - calibration - editing : technical report (2017)
    Kiel : Inst. für Meereskunde
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 22
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/13685/
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/IFM_BER_22
    DOI: 10.3289/IFM_BER_22
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    GATE : CTD data measured on the F.R.G. ships ; shipboard operations, calibration, editing ; technical report (1976)
    Kiel : Inst. für Meereskunde
    Details Availability
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary aim of this report is to inform the interested GATE scientist about the complete procedures of gaining, calibrating and editing the CTD data from the three FRG research vessels involved in GATE. It is thought to be an integral part of the data sets, and will form part of the documentation sent with the data to the data centers. This report was written according to the recommendations given by the US GATE/C-Scale Workshop at Miami, Fl, 19760202 - 19760206. The user of the data should note that in several respects both the instruments and the ship-board procedures were non-standard. This situation led to special routines for editing the data. Attention should also be given to the comments on the data quality. However, the process of data validation is not finished. An investigation about the interconsistency of the C-scale CTD data is presently underway. (MOD)
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 16, [12] Bl , 15 graph. Darst , 30 cm
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 22
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Zur Kinematik eines stochastischen Feldes interner Wellen in einer Scherströmung (2017)
    Kiel : Institut für Meereskunde, Abt. Meeresphysik
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 117 S , graph. Darst , 30 cm
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 82
    URL: http://oceanrep.geomar.de/20740/
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/ifm_ber_82
    DOI: 10.3289/ifm_ber_82
    Language: German
    Note: Also available as printed version , Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Math.-naturwiss. Fak., Diss., 1981 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 4
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    A compilation of CTD- and profiling current meter data from GATE 1974, F.S. "Meteor" and W.F.S. "Planet" (1978)
    Bornträger
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-23
    Description: This paper presents a compilation of the data sets obtained by CTDs and profiling current meters on board the ships "Meteor" and "Planet" during GATE in the B- and C-Scale Areas (7°-10 °N, 22°-25°W, June 17 to September 24, 1974). The bulk of the CTD data is displayed in the form of isopleths. Selected sets of profiles, outlining special phenomena observed, and profiles of the mean and standard deviation of temperature and salinity are given additionally. Besides examples of actual current profiles, isopleths of the 25 hour mean current components, and isopleths of the vertical shear are presented. The mean current components and their standard deviations are also displayed. Time series presented are suitable for comparison with moored current measurements. The presentation of the data is preceded by a summary of the editing procedures and by a discussion of the data quality.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    A compilation of current, temperature and conductivity data from moorings F1 and F2 in the GATE-C-Area (1978)
    Bornträger
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-23
    Description: Oceanographic measurements by groups from the Federal Republic of Germany contributed mainly to the C-Scale Experiment (centered at 9° N, 23° W) and the Equatoria1 Experiment. In this paper the data are presented that were obtained from the moorings F 1 and F 2 in the C-area. After a short discussion of instrument problems, data processing and statistical analysis, the data are presented graphically as time series, progressive vector diagrams, frequency distributions and spectra of horizontal kinetic energy and of temperature variance.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Tracking the Mediterranean outflow in the Gulf of Cadiz (2017)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 157 . pp. 47-71.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Highlights • We track the preferential pathways of the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). • A topographic analysis method is used to identify the MOW hydrological avenues. • Contour avenues and cross-slope channels have complementary roles steering the MOW. • The MOW is a density-driven current steered by both bottom topography and the Coriolis force. Abstract The Mediterranean Water leaves the western end of the Strait of Gibraltar as a bottom wedge of salty and warm waters flowing down the continental slope. The salinity of the onset Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is so high that leads to water much denser (initially in excess of 1.5 kg m−3) than the overlying central waters. During much of its initial descent, the MOW retains large salinity anomalies – causing density anomalies that induce its gravity current character – and relatively high westward speeds – causing a substantial Coriolis force over long portions of its course. We use hydrographic data from six cruises (a total of 1176 stations) plus velocity data from two cruises, together with high-resolution bathymetric data, to track the preferential MOW pathways from the Strait of Gibraltar into the western Gulf of Cadiz and to examine the relation of these pathways to the bottom topography. A methodology for tributary systems in drainage basins, modified to account for the Coriolis force, emphasizes the good agreement between the observed trajectories and those expected from a topographically-constrained flow. Both contour avenues and cross-slope channels are important and have complementary roles steering the MOW along the upper and middle continental slope before discharging as a neutrally buoyant flow into the western Gulf of Cadiz. Our results show that the interaction between bottom flow and topography sets the path and final equilibrium depths of the modern MOW. Furthermore, they support the hypothesis that, as a result of the high erosive power of the bottom flow and changes in bottom-water speed, the MOW pathways and mixing rates have changed in the geological past.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.05.015
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    GATE Oceanographic activities on F.R.G. research vessels (1975)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 019 . Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, pp. 1-26, 26 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/IFM_BER_19
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    OceanRep: Report - Data report
  • 8
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    GATE : CTD Data measured on the F.R.G. Ships Shipboard Operations - Calibration - Editing (1976)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 022 . Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, pp. 1-30.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/IFM_BER_22
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    OceanRep: Report - Data report
  • 9
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    Mixing and entrainment in the Red Sea outflow plume. Part I : plume structure (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 35 (2005): 569–583, doi:10.1175/JPO2679.1.
    Description: When the salty and heavy water of the Red Sea exits from the Strait of Bab el Mandeb, it continues downslope into the Gulf of Aden mainly along two channels. The 130-km-long “Northern Channel” (NC) is topographically confined and is typically only 5 km wide. In it, the Red Sea plume shows unanticipated patterns of vertical structure, turbulent mixing, and entrainment. Above the seafloor a 25–120-m-thick weakly stratified layer shows little dilution along the channel. Hence this bottom layer undergoes only weak entrainment. In contrast, a 35–285-m-thick interfacial layer shows stronger entrainment and is shown in a companion paper to undergo vigorous turbulent mixing. It is thus the interface that exhibits the bulk of entrainment of the Red Sea plume in the NC. The interfacial layer also carries most of the overall plume transport, increasingly so with downstream distance. The “Southern Channel” (SC) is wider than the NC and is accessed from the latter by a sill about 33 m above the floor of the NC. Entrainment into the bottom layer of the SC is diagnosed to be strong near the entry into the SC such that the near-bottom density and salinity are smaller in the SC than in the NC at the same distance from Bab el Mandeb. In comparison with winter conditions, the authors encountered weaker outflow with shallower equilibration depths during the summer cruise. Bulk Froude numbers computed for the whole plume varied within the range 0.2–1. Local maxima occurred in relatively steep channel sections and coincided with locations of significant entrainment.
    Description: The Red Sea Outflow Experiment was funded by the National Science Foundation under Contracts OCE-9819506 and OCE-9818464. Additional support was provided to the “Climate Process Team Gravity Currents” under OCE-0336799.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    A regional modeling study of the entraining Mediterranean outflow (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007): C12005, doi:10.1029/2007JC004145.
    Description: We have evaluated a regional-scale simulation of the Mediterranean outflow by comparison with field data obtained in the 1988 Gulf of Cádiz Expedition. Our ocean model is based upon the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and includes the Richardson number–dependent entrainment parameterization of Xu et al. (2006). Given realistic topography and sufficient resolution, the model reproduces naturally the major, observed features of the Mediterranean outflow in the Gulf of Cádiz: the downstream evolution of temperature, salinity, and velocity profiles, the mean path and the spreading of the outflow plume, and most importantly, the localized, strong entrainment that has been observed to occur just west of the Strait of Gibraltar. As in all numerical solutions, there is some sensitivity to horizontal and vertical resolution. When the resolution is made coarser, the simulated currents are less vigorous and there is consequently less entrainment. Our Richardson number–dependent entrainment parameterization is therefore not recommended for direct application in coarse-resolution climate models. We have used the high-resolution regional model to investigate the response of the Mediterranean outflow to a change in the freshwater balance over the Mediterranean basin. The results are found in close agreement with the marginal sea boundary condition (MSBC): A more saline and dense Mediterranean deep water generates a significantly greater volume transport of the Mediterranean product water having only very slightly greater salinity.
    Description: National Science Foundation via grant OCE0336799 and the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP) via award N000140410676.
    Keywords: Mediterranean outflow ; Entrainment parameterization ; Climate
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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