ISSN:
1471-4159
Source:
Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
Topics:
Medicine
Notes:
Abstract: A 20-kDa DNA-binding protein that binds the AT-rich sequences within the promoters of the brain-specific protein kinase C (PKC) γ and neurogranin/RC3 genes has been characterized as chromosomal nonhistone high-mobility-group protein (HMG)-I. This protein is a substrate of PKC α, β, γ, and δ but is poorly phosphorylated by PKC ε and ζ. Two major (Ser44 and Ser64) and four minor phosphorylation sites have been identified. The extents of phosphorylation of Ser44 and Ser64 were 1:1, whereas those of the four minor sites all together were 〈30% of the major one. These PKC phosphorylation sites are distinct from those phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase, which phosphorylates Thr53 and Thr78. Phosphorylation of HMG-I by PKC resulted in a reduction of DNA-binding affinity by 28-fold as compared with 12-fold caused by the phosphorylation with cdc2 kinase. HMG-I could be additively phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase and PKC, and the resulting doubly phosphorylated protein exhibited a 〉 100-fold reduction in binding affinity. The two cdc2 kinase phosphorylation sites of HMG-I are adjacent to the N terminus of two of the three predicted DNA-binding domains. In comparison, one of the major PKC phosphorylation sites, Ser64, is adjacent to the C terminus of the second DNA-binding domain, whereas Ser44 is located within the spanning region between the first and second DNA-binding domains. The current results suggest that phosphorylation of the mammalian HMG-I by PKC alone or in combination with cdc2 kinase provides an effective mechanism for the regulation of HMG-I function.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740392.x
