Note: Front cover -- Half title -- Full title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 - Nanoadsorbents for scavenging emerging contaminants from wastewater -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Emerging contaminants -- 1.3 Occurrence of emerging contaminants in aquatic systems -- 1.4 Exposure pathways of emerging contaminants in the environment -- 1.5 Treatment technologies for removal of ECs -- 1.6 Conventional treatment methods -- 1.7 Emerging methods -- 1.7.1 Biological treatment method -- 1.7.2 Advanced oxidation process -- 1.8 Nanoadsorbents -- 1.9 Classification of nanoadsorbents -- 1.10 Methods for preparation of nanoadsorbents -- 1.11 Properties of nanoadsorbents -- 1.12 Mechanisms of nanoadsorption -- 1.13 The π-π interaction -- 1.14 Electrostatic interaction -- 1.15 Hydrophobic interaction -- 1.16 Hydrogen bonding -- 1.17 Factors affecting adsorption process -- 1.17.1 pH -- 1.17.2 Ionic strength -- 1.17.3 Dissolved organic matter -- 1.18 Conclusions -- References -- 2 - Treatment aspect of an emerging pollutant from Pharmaceutical industries using advanced oxidation process: past, curre ... -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Treatment technologies -- 2.2.1 Recovery process -- 2.2.2 Phase changing technologies -- 2.2.2.1 Adsorption -- 2.2.2.2 Membrane technology -- 2.2.3 Biological process -- 2.3 Advanced oxidation process -- 2.3.1 Nonphotochemical methods -- 2.3.1.1 Ozonation -- 2.3.1.2 Ozone and hydrogen peroxide (Peroxone) -- 2.3.2 Catalytic ozonation -- 2.3.3 Fenton system -- 2.3.3.1 Sulfate-based AOPs -- 2.3.4 Photochemical methods -- 2.3.4.1 O 3  + UV Method -- 2.3.4.2 H 2 O 2 +UV light Method -- 2.3.4.3 H 2 O 2 +UV+ O 3 Method -- 2.3.4.4 Photolysis -- 2.3.4.5 UV/persulfate -- 2.3.4.6 Photo-Fenton Method -- 2.3.4.7 Photocatalysis -- 2.3.4.8 Other AOPs -- 2.4 Future prospects -- References. , 3 - Membrane bioreactor (MBR) as an advanced wastewater treatment technology for removal of synthetic microplastics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Microplastic generation and pollution -- 3.3 Effect of Synthetic microplastic pollution -- 3.4 Technical implementation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for elimination micro plastic pollutants -- References -- 4 - Strategies to cope with the emerging waste water contaminants through adsorption regimes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Uptake of pollutants from water via adsorption -- 4.3 Adsorbents and there use in purification of waters -- 4.4 Various emerging pollutants and their effects -- 4.4.1 Heavy metals -- 4.4.2 Dyes -- 4.4.3 Pharmaceuticals -- 4.4.4 Fluoride -- 4.4.5 Arsenic -- 4.4.6 Other emerging pollutants -- 4.5 Adsorption strategies for removal of emerging pollutants from waste waters -- 4.6 Adsorption of pollutants using hydrothermal carbonization: an environment safe procedure using carbon adsorbents -- 4.7 Use of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in adsorption -- 4.7.1 Dye adsorption -- 4.7.2 Pesticide(s) adsorption -- 4.7.3 Antibiotics/drugs adsorption -- 4.7.4 Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) -- 4.8 Metals and metal ions adsorption by HTCs -- 4.9 Adsorption of metal(s) from mixture of metals -- 4.10 Adsorption of heavy metals using HTCs -- 4.11 Use of cost-effective adsorbent for adsorption of heavy metals -- 4.12 Uptake of metals using low-cost adsorbent materials -- 4.13 Use of agricultural residues as adsorbents -- 4.14 Uses of industrial wastes as adsorbents -- 4.14.1 Marine materials -- 4.14.2 Clay and zeolite -- 4.15 Adsorption/biosorption of antibiotics from waste water -- 4.16 Elimination of heavy metals via adsorption/biosorption -- 4.17 Heavy metals uptake using activated sludge and sludge-derived materials. , 4.18 Uptake of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) -- 4.19 Future prospects -- 4.20 Conclusion -- References -- 5 - Performances of membrane bioreactor technology for treating domestic wastewater operated at different sludge retention ... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Fundamentals of membrane bioreactors -- 5.1.2 Development of MBR studies -- 5.1.3 Membrane fouling in MBR systems -- 5.1.4 Performances of MBRs at high biomass retention -- 5.1.5 Task and purpose of the study -- 5.2 Materials and methods -- 5.2.1 Experimental setup -- 5.2.2 Sludge retention time -- 5.2.3 Analysis methods -- 5.3 Results and discussion -- 5.3.1 Effect of SRTs on sludge concentration in the system -- 5.3.2 Effects of SRT on sludge bioactivity -- 5.3.3 Effect of SRT on SVI and viscosity -- 5.3.4 Effects of SRT on COD removal in the system -- 5.4 Influence of SRT on sludge particle size distribution -- 5.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- References -- 6 - Advances in nanotechnologies of waste water treatment: strategies and emerging opportunities -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Metallic nanoparticles -- 6.3 Nanoadsorbents -- 6.4 Nanobiosorbents -- 6.5 Nanomembranes -- 6.6 Nanocatalysts -- 6.6.1 Photocatalyst based advance oxidation process -- 6.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 - Water and Wastewater Treatment through Ozone-based technologies -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Global water scenario -- 7.3 Strategies for solving the water shortage issues -- 7.4 Why ozone-based technologies used for water and wastewater treatment? -- 7.4.1 Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) -- 7.4.2 Benefits of ozone (O 3 ) based treatment -- 7.5 Worldwide status, history, and background of O 3 based technology for drinking water and wastewater treatment -- 7.6 Use of ozone-based technology for disinfection. , 7.6.1 Mechanisms of Inactivation by Ozone -- 7.7 Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater through Ozone-based technology -- 7.8 Removal of physical pollutants (odor and taste) through Ozone-based technologies -- 7.9 Removal of various chemical pollutants (COD, BOD and coloring agents) from wastewater through Ozone-based technologies -- 7.10 Factors affecting the Ozonation process -- 7.11 Conclusion and Future prospects -- References -- 8 - Constructed wetland: a promising technology for the treatment of hazardous textile dyes and effluent -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Classification of dyes -- 8.3 Impact of dye toxicity on environment -- 8.4 Impact of dye toxicity on living beings -- 8.5 Dye remediation strategies -- 8.5.1 Physical methods -- 8.5.2 Chemical methods -- 8.5.3 Biological methods -- 8.6 Constructed wetlands: a step towards technology transfer -- 8.7 Classification of constructed wetlands -- 8.8 Recent developments in textile wastewater treatments using constructed wetlands -- 8.9 Conclusion and future prospective -- References -- 9 - Biogenic nanomaterials: Synthesis, characteristics, and recent trends in combating hazardous pollutants (An arising sc ... -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 History of nanotechnology and conventional synthetic routes of nanomaterials -- 9.3 Nanobiotechnology: An arising scientific horizon -- 9.3.1 Biologically fabricated NPs for the removal of hazardous water pollutants -- 9.3.1.1 Biologically fabricated NPs using bacteria and actinomycetes -- 9.3.1.2 Biologically fabricated NPs using fungi -- 9.3.1.3 Biologically fabricated NPs using yeast -- 9.3.1.4 Biologically fabricated NPs using algae -- 9.3.1.5 Biologically fabricated NPs using plant extracts -- 9.3.1.6 Biologically fabricated NPs using agro-industrial waste extracts. , 9.3.2 Possible mechanisms involved in biomimetic synthesis of NPs -- 9.3.2.1 Role of enzymes and proteins -- 9.3.2.2 Role of exopolysaccharides -- 9.4 Advantages, limitations, drawbacks, and future perspectives of nanobiotechnology -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- 10 - Removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical wastewater through application of bionanotechnology -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Overview of contaminants in pharmaceutical wastewater -- 10.3 Applications of nanomaterials for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants -- 10.3.1 Nanofiltration -- 10.3.2 Advanced oxidation process -- 10.3.3 Nanosorbents (nanotubes and zeolites) -- 10.4 Concluding remarks -- References -- 11 - Recent advances in pesticides removal using agroindustry based biochar -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What is biochar? -- 11.3 Characteristics of biochar -- 11.3.1 Porosity and surface area -- 11.3.2 pH -- 11.3.3 Functional groups at the surface -- 11.3.4 Carbon content and aromatic structures -- 11.3.5 Mineral composition -- 11.4 Modified biochar -- 11.5 Hazards of pesticides to environment and health -- 11.6 Recent development in pesticides sorption on biochar -- 11.6.1 Herbicides sorption -- 11.6.2 Insecticides sorption -- 11.6.3 Fungicides sorption -- 11.6.4 Nematicides sorption -- 11.7 Conclusion and future perspective -- References -- 12 - Bioremediation - the natural solution -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Characteristics of municipal wastewater -- 12.2.1 Organic impurities -- 12.2.2 Solids -- 12.2.3 Nutrients -- 12.2.3.1 Phosphorus -- 12.2.3.2 Nitrogen -- 12.2.3.3 Nitrogen present in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPS) -- 12.2.4 Effects of phosphorus and nitrogen on environment -- 12.2.5 Pathogens -- 12.3 Wastewater treatment -- 12.3.1 Physical treatment -- 12.3.2 Chemical treatment. , 12.3.3 Thermal treatment.