Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Energy Crisis and Climate Change: Global Concerns and Their Solutions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Energy Crisis -- 1.3 Role of Renewable Energy in Sustainable Development -- 1.4 Climate Change and Energy Crisis -- 1.5 Climate Change -- 1.5.1 Environmental and Social Consequences of Climate Change -- 1.5.2 Process and Causes of Global Warming -- 1.6 Cleaner Alternatives to Coal to Alleviate Climate Change -- 1.6.1 Carbon Sequestering and Clean Coal -- 1.6.2 Natural Gas and Nuclear Energy -- 1.6.3 Hydrogen -- 1.7 Climate Change and Energy Demand -- 1.8 Mitigation Measures for the Energy Crisis and Global Warming: Reduce Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (IPCC) -- 1.9 Conclusion -- 1.10 Future Considerations -- References -- Chapter 2 Advances in Alternative Sources of Energy: Opening New Doors for Energy Sustainability -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Need of Novel Research in Alternative Sources of Energy -- 2.3 Recent Advances in Renewable Sources of Energy -- 2.3.1 Solar Energy -- 2.3.2 Wind Energy -- 2.3.3 Hydropower -- 2.3.4 Geothermal Energy -- 2.3.5 Bioenergy -- 2.3.6 Ocean Energy -- 2.4 Future Fuel: Hydrogen -- 2.4.1 Hydrogen Production Methods Using Renewable Sources -- 2.5 Challenges -- 2.5.1 Efficiency -- 2.5.2 Large-Scale Production -- 2.5.3 Cost-Effective Production -- 2.6 Future: Alternative Sources of Energy -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Recent Advances in Alternative Sources of Energy -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Different Innovations Employed in Major Types of Alternative Sources of Energy -- 3.2.1 Solar Energy (Semiconductor Technology to Harness Solar Power) -- 3.2.2 Hydropower -- 3.2.3 Wind Energy -- 3.2.4 Geothermal Energy -- 3.2.5 Biomass Energy -- 3.2.6 Hydrogen as a Fuel -- 3.3 Environmental Impacts -- 3.4 Future Prospects. , 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Energy and Development in the Twenty-First Century - A Road Towards a Sustainable Future: An Indian Perspective -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Energy Consumption and Economic Development -- 4.3 Environmental Issues - A Corollary of Economic Development -- 4.4 Air Quality - Deterioration Leading to Development of another Mars -- 4.5 Carbon Footprints - Gift of Mankind to Mother Earth -- 4.6 Sustainable Development -- 4.6.1 Problems Faced by the Country in Implementing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 4.6.2 Paris Accord -- 4.6.3 Steps Taken by India to Reduce the Carbon Emission -- 4.7 Coronavirus Pandemic and its Impact on the Carbon Emission -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Energy Development as a Driver of Economic Growth: Evidence from Developing Nations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Energy and Economic Development -- 5.2.1 The Impact of Economic Development on Energy -- 5.2.2 Economic Development and Fluctuations in Energy Consumption -- 5.2.3 Energy Consumption in Developing Nations -- 5.2.4 The Price of Energy and Management of Demand -- 5.3 Energy Services in Developing Nations -- 5.4 Energy Supplies in the Developing Nations -- 5.5 Energy and the Environment in Developing Nations -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Pathways of Energy Transition and Its Impact on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Brazil -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Rationale for Public Investment in Research and Development in Energy Sector -- 6.3 Overview of the Electricity Sector in Brazil -- 6.3.1 Energy Policies in Brazil -- 6.3.2 Climate Change: National Policy 2009 -- 6.3.3 Prioritization of Policies in Choice of Energy Mix (International Atomic Energy Agency, 2006) -- 6.4 Market Structure -- 6.4.1 Government Players -- 6.4.2 Private and Public Players. , 6.5 Programmes and Laws Under the Government of Brazil -- 6.6 An Overview of the Sources of Finance in the Energy Sector: Brazil -- 6.6.1 The Regime for Funding Agency (World Energy Outlook 2013) -- 6.6.2 Source of Funding and Trends in Research and Development -- 6.7 Climate-Resilient Growth: Environmental Consequences -- 6.7.1 Environmental Consequences: Key Takeaways -- 6.8 Social Consequences: Availability, Affordability and Accessibility -- 6.8.1 Social Consequences: Key Takeaways -- 6.9 The Political Economy of Energy Transition: A Brazilian Experience -- 6.10 Interlinking Economic Growth and Energy Use: A Theoretical Construct -- 6.10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption, per Capita GDP Growth, CO2 Emissions, Research and Development Expenditure: A Comparison of BRICS -- 6.11 Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Renewable Energy: Sources, Importance and Prospects for Sustainable Future -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sources of Renewable Energy -- 7.2.1 Solar Energy -- 7.2.2 Wind Energy -- 7.2.3 Hydropower -- 7.2.4 Geothermal Energy -- 7.2.5 Biomass -- 7.2.6 Tidal Energy -- 7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Renewable Energy Resources -- 7.4 Importance of Renewable Energy -- 7.5 Benefits of Renewable Energy Production to the Society -- 7.6 Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development Goals -- 7.7 Limitations in Renewable Energy -- 7.8 Current Status and Future Perspectives -- 7.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Clean Energy Sources for a Better and Sustainable Environment of Future Generations -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Conventional Sources of Energy -- 8.2.1 Hydro Energy -- 8.2.2 Wind Energy -- 8.2.3 Geothermal Energy -- 8.2.4 Solar Energy -- 8.2.5 Ocean Energy -- 8.3 Environmental Impacts of Renewable Resources -- 8.4 Mitigation Strategies and Sustainable Development of Renewable Resources -- 8.5 Biomass and Microorganisms-Derived Energy. , 8.6 Alternative Energy Resources -- 8.6.1 Biodiesel from Bioengineered Fungi -- 8.6.2 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCS) -- 8.6.3 Waste-to-Energy Technology -- 8.6.4 Hydrogen as a Fuel -- 8.6.5 Fuel Cell -- 8.6.6 Radiant Energy -- 8.7 Challenges: Implementation to the Usage of Renewable Energy -- 8.7.1 Social Barriers -- 8.7.2 Ecological and Environmental Issues -- 8.7.3 Commercialization and Scalability -- 8.7.4 Material Requirement -- 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- Suggested Readings -- Chapter 9 Sustainable Energy Policies of India to Address Air Pollution and Climate Change -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Energy Sector of India -- 9.2.1 Energy Reserves -- 9.2.2 Production of Energy -- 9.2.3 Consumption of Fossil Fuel and Electricity -- 9.2.4 Energy Sector and Greenhouse Gases Emission -- 9.3 India's Potential and Policies to Exploit Renewable Sources -- 9.3.1 Solar Energy -- 9.3.2 Wind Energy -- 9.3.3 Hydropower -- 9.3.4 Biomass Energy -- 9.4 National Strategies to Promote Renewable Energy: Policy Framework with Their Objectives -- 9.4.1 India's Electricity Act -- 9.4.2 National Electricity Policy (NEP), 2005 -- 9.4.3 NAPCC-National Action Plan on Climate Change, 2008 -- 9.4.4 Copenhagen Accord -- 9.4.5 India's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) -- 9.5 Financial Instruments to Promote Renewable Sources in India -- 9.5.1 Coal Tax -- 9.5.2 Subsidy Cuts on Fossil Fuels -- 9.5.3 Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) -- 9.5.4 Perform, Achieve and Trade Scheme -- 9.5.5 Other Government Policies, Their Budget and Status -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 A Regime Complex and Technological Innovation in Energy System: A Brazilian Experience -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Brazil: Its Changing Role in Global Governance -- 10.3 Brazilian Energy: A Regime Complex -- 10.3.1 Role of Brazil and Regime Complex for Climate Change. , 10.4 Implications of Climate Regime on Brazilian Energy Regime -- 10.5 A Shift in Energy Regime: Technological Innovations in Energy Sector -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 11 Opportunities in the Living Lights: Special Reference to Bioluminescent Fungi -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 History of Bioluminescence -- 11.3 Bioluminescence in Terrestrial Organisms -- 11.4 Bioluminescence Molecules -- 11.5 Bioluminescent Fungi -- 11.5.1 Diversity -- 11.5.2 Mechanism of Bioluminescence in Fungi -- 11.5.3 Significance -- 11.6 Opportunities in Fungal Bioluminescence -- 11.6.1 Glowing Tree -- 11.6.2 Bioassay of Toxicity -- 11.6.3 In-Vivo Imaging -- 11.6.4 Animal Model Study -- 11.6.5 Bioactive Secondary Metabolites -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 Production of Liquid Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 12.2.1 Pretreatment of LCB -- 12.2.2 Detoxification -- 12.2.3 Hydrolysis -- 12.2.4 Fermentation -- 12.2.5 Product Recovery -- 12.3 Bio-gasoline from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 12.3.1 Hydrolysis to Monosaccharides -- 12.3.2 Hydrogenation of Monosaccharides to Polyols -- 12.3.3 Conversion of Polyols and Carbohydrates to C5/C6 Alkanes -- 12.4 Jet Fuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 12.4.1 Production of Jet Fuels from Sugars and Platform Molecules -- 12.4.2 Production of Oil to Jet Fuels -- 12.4.3 Production of Gas to Jet Fuels -- 12.4.4 Production of Alcohol to Jet Fuels -- 12.5 Conversion of Lignin to Hydrocarbons -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Sustainable Solution for Future Energy Challenges Through Microbes -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Importance of Energy and Energy Statistics -- 13.3 Brief History of Biofuels -- 13.4 Classification of Biofuels -- 13.4.1 First Generation (1G) -- 13.4.2 Second Generation (2G). , 13.4.3 Third Generation (3G).