Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Editor Biographies -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Lightweight Graphene Composite Materials -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Synthesis of Graphene -- 1.1.2 Properties of Graphene -- 1.1.3 Graphene-Based Polymer Composites -- 1.2 Large-Scale Production of Graphene-Based Composite Materials -- 1.3 Modeling and Simulation of Graphene-Based Lightweight Composite Materials -- 1.4 Advanced Graphene-Based Lightweight Composite Materials -- Acknowledgment -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Chapter 2 Conventional Processing of Polymer Matrix Composites -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Advantages of Composite Materials -- 2.1.2 Major Applications of Composite Materials -- 2.1.3 Classifications of Composites -- 2.1.3.1 Based on Matrix -- 2.1.4 Comparison of Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymers -- 2.1.5 Based on Reinforcement -- 2.1.5.1 Natural Fibers -- 2.1.5.2 Synthetic Fibers -- 2.1.5.3 Comparison of Synthetic Fibers and Natural Fibers -- 2.2 Processing of Polymer Matrix Composites -- 2.2.1 Degree of Cure -- 2.2.2 Viscosity -- 2.2.3 Resin Flow -- 2.2.4 Consolidation -- 2.2.5 Gel-Time Test -- 2.2.6 Shrinkage -- 2.2.7 Voids -- 2.3 Manufacturing Techniques of Thermoplastic Composites -- 2.3.1 Injection Molding -- 2.3.1.1 Application -- 2.3.1.2 Benefits of Injection Molding -- 2.3.1.3 Limitations of Injection Molding -- 2.3.2 Blow Molding -- 2.3.2.1 Application -- 2.3.2.2 Advantages of Blow Molding -- 2.3.2.3 Limitations of Blow Molding -- 2.3.3 Autoclave Process -- 2.3.3.1 Application -- 2.3.3.2 Advantages of Autoclave Process -- 2.3.3.3 Limitations of Autoclave Process -- 2.3.4 Thermoforming -- 2.3.4.1 Application -- 2.3.4.2 Advantages of Thermoforming -- 2.3.4.3 Limitations of Thermoforming -- 2.3.5 Compression Molding -- 2.3.5.1 Application. , 2.3.5.2 Advantages of Compression Molding -- 2.3.5.3 Limitations of Compression Molding -- 2.4 Manufacturing Techniques of Thermoset Composites -- 2.4.1 Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) Molding -- 2.4.1.1 Application -- 2.4.1.2 Advantages of SMC -- 2.4.1.3 Limitations of SMC -- 2.4.2 BMC Molding -- 2.4.2.1 Application -- 2.4.2.2 Advantages of BMC -- 2.4.2.3 Limitations of BMC -- 2.4.3 Hand Lay-Up -- 2.4.3.1 Application -- 2.4.3.2 Advantages of Hand Lay-Up -- 2.4.3.3 Limitations of Hand Lay-Up -- 2.4.4 Spray-Up -- 2.4.4.1 Application -- 2.4.4.2 Advantages of Spray-Up -- 2.4.4.3 Limitations of Spray-Up -- 2.4.5 Resin Transfer Molding -- 2.4.5.1 Applications -- 2.4.5.2 Advantages of RTM -- 2.4.5.3 Limitations of RTM -- 2.4.6 Vacuum Bagging -- 2.4.6.1 Applications -- 2.4.6.2 Benefits of Vacuum Bagging -- 2.4.6.3 Limitations of Vacuum Bagging -- 2.4.7 Pultrusion -- 2.4.7.1 Applications -- 2.4.7.2 Benefits of Pultrusion Process -- 2.4.7.3 Limitations of Pultrusion -- 2.4.8 Filament Winding -- 2.4.8.1 Applications -- 2.4.8.2 Benefits of Filament Winding -- 2.4.8.3 Limitations of Filament Winding -- 2.5 Novel Fabrication Techniques of Polymer Composites: Microwave-Assisted Compression Molding (MACM) -- 2.5.1 Microwave Heating Mechanism of Polymer Composites -- 2.5.2 Fabrication of Composites Using MACM -- 2.5.3 Advantages of MACM -- 2.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3 Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymer Composite: Biomedical Applications and Bioimplants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Interesting Fact about Biodegradable and Biocompatible Materials -- 3.3 Need, Necessity, and Prevention of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Materials -- 3.4 Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymer Composites and Their Biomedical Applications -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Conflict of Interest -- References. , Chapter 4 Lightweight Polymer Composites from Wood Flour, Metals, Alloys, Metallic Fibers, Ceramics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Composite Materials -- 4.3 Particle Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 4.4 Particulates -- 4.5 Metal Reinforcements -- 4.6 Wood Plastic Composites -- 4.7 Ceramic Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 4.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Lightweight Composite Materials in Transport Structures -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 History -- 5.3 Polymer Matrix Composites -- 5.3.1 Resin Types -- 5.3.2 Fiber Types -- 5.4 Production Techniques -- 5.4.1 Hand Lay-Up -- 5.4.2 Spray-Up -- 5.4.3 Vacuum Bagging/Autoclave -- 5.4.4 Vacuum Infusion -- 5.4.5 Filament Winding -- 5.4.6 Resin Transfer Molding -- 5.4.7 Prepreg -- 5.4.8 Long Fiber Technology (LFT) -- 5.5 Applications -- 5.6 Future Trends -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Hybrid Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Composites -- Abbreviations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Hybrid Composites Based on Thermoplastic Matrices -- 6.2.1 Preparation -- 6.2.1.1 Functionalization and Preparation of Fillers -- 6.2.1.2 Solution Mixing and Casting/Molding -- 6.2.1.3 Overmolding Injection -- 6.2.1.4 Mechanical Mixing and Compression Molding -- 6.2.2 Composites Containing Natural Fibers -- 6.2.3 Composites Containing Synthetic Fibers -- 6.2.4 Composites Containing Two Different Nanocarbons -- 6.3 Hybrid Composites Based on Thermosetting Matrices -- 6.3.1 Synthesis Technique -- 6.3.1.1 Hand Lay-Up -- 6.3.1.2 Compression Molding -- 6.3.1.3 Casting Method -- 6.3.1.4 Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Design and Modeling of Lightweight Polymer Composite Structures -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Macro-Mechanical Behavior of Lamina -- 7.3 Plane-Stress Condition -- 7.4 Hook's Law for Angle Lamina in Two Dimensions (2D). , 7.5 Micro-Mechanical Behavior of Lamina -- 7.6 Analysis of Laminates -- 7.7 Visco-Elastic Behavior of the Polymer Matrix Composite -- 7.8 Molecular Dynamics Technique to Model Lightweight Polymer Composites -- Acknowledgment -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Chapter 8 Smart Lightweight Polymer Composites -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Magnetostrictive and Magnetorheological Polymer Composites -- 8.2.1 Synthesis of Magnetostrictive and Magnetorheological Polymer Composites -- 8.2.2 Factors Governing the Performances of Magnetostrictive and Magnetorheological Polymer Composites -- 8.2.2.1 Concentration of Particulate Phases -- 8.2.2.2 Particle Size of the Discrete Phases -- 8.2.2.3 Extent of Alignment -- 8.2.2.4 Treatment by Coupling Agent -- 8.2.2.5 Nature of the Matrix -- 8.2.3 Applications -- 8.3 Electromagnetic Radiation Absorber Material -- 8.3.1 Mechanism of Electromagnetic Wave Loss -- 8.3.1.1 Mechanism of Dielectric Loss -- 8.3.1.2 Magnetic Loss Mechanism -- 8.3.2 Synthesis of Electromagnetic Radiation Absorber Material -- 8.3.2.1 Mechanical Mixing -- 8.3.2.2 Melt-Blending -- 8.3.2.3 In Situ Emulsion Polymerization -- 8.3.2.4 Solution Mixing -- 8.3.3 Factors Governing the Performances of Electromagnetic Radiation Absorbing Polymer Composites -- 8.3.3.1 Characteristics of Filler -- 8.3.3.2 Filler Loading -- 8.3.3.3 Size and Distribution of Filler -- 8.3.3.4 Characteristics of Polymer -- 8.3.3.5 Thickness of the Composite -- 8.3.4 Applications -- 8.4 Piezoelectric Materials -- 8.4.1 Synthesis of Piezoelectric Materials -- 8.4.1.1 Synthesis of Inorganic Particulate Matters -- 8.4.1.2 Fabrication of the Polymer Composites/Nanocomposites -- 8.4.1.3 Synthesis of Sandwich-Type Piezoelectric Nanogenerators -- 8.4.2 Factors Governing the Performance of Piezoelectric Nanogenerators -- 8.4.2.1 Crystallinity/Defects -- 8.4.2.2 Diameter and Length. , 8.4.2.3 Thickness -- 8.4.2.4 Characteristics of Piezoelectric Phase -- 8.4.2.5 Functionalization of Piezoelectric Phase -- 8.4.2.6 Characteristics of the Polymer Matrix -- 8.4.3 Applications -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics and Thermosetting Composites -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Thermoset and Thermoplastics Polymers: A Brief Description -- 9.2.1 Thermoset Polymers: -- 9.2.2 Thermoplastic Polymers: -- 9.3 Carbon Fiber: An Introduction -- 9.3.1 Types of Carbon Fibers: General Classification -- 9.4 Properties of Carbon Fiber -- 9.5 Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Polymer-Based Composites -- 9.6 Mechanical Properties of Thermoset Polymer-Based Composites -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Glass Fiber Thermoset and Thermoplastic Composites -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Batching Process -- 10.1.2 Melting Process -- 10.1.3 Fibrilization -- 10.1.4 Coating -- 10.1.5 Drying and Packing -- 10.2 Preparation of Thermoset Glass Fiber Composites -- 10.2.1 Resin Transfer Mold (RTM) -- 10.2.2 Hany Lay-up Method -- 10.3 Randomly Oriented Glass Fiber Thermoset Composites -- 10.3.1 Polyester Composites -- 10.3.2 Epoxy Composites -- 10.3.3 Vinyl Ester Composites -- 10.4 Laminated Glass Fiber Thermoset Composites -- 10.4.1 Polyester Composites -- 10.4.2 Epoxy Composites -- 10.4.3 Vinyl Ester Composites -- 10.5 Glass Fiber Thermoplastic Composites -- 10.6 Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 10.6.1 Thermoset Composites -- 10.6.2 Thermoplastic Composites -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Inorganic Nanofillers-Based Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Composites -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Types of Inorganic Nanofillers -- 11.2.1 Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) -- 11.2.2 Quantum Dots (QDs) -- 11.2.3 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) -- 11.2.4 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (INPs). , 11.2.5 Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs).