Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- New Ways to Use Charged Particles -- Abstract -- Nomenclature -- Introduction -- Electrostatic Precipitation of Aerosol Particles -- Use of Electrostatic Field for Air Purification from Aerosol Particles -- Calculation of Particle Drift Velocity in Electric Field -- Experimental Study -- Conclusion -- Typical Precipitation Rates of Aerosol Particles under External Fields -- Theoretical Calculations of Particle Precipitation Rates -- Experimental Study of Particle Precipitation Rates -- Conclusion -- Effect of External Conditions on Aerosol Particle Precipitation Rate -- Calculational and Experimental Results for Aerosol Particle Precipitation -- Conclusion -- Electrostatic Spraying and Sorption Capacity of Particles -- Acquirable Charge and Size Distribution of Particles -- Theoretical Expressions -- Material and Methods -- Measurement Results for Particle Charge under Electrostatic Deposition -- Particle Size Distribution by Electrostatic Spraying -- Conclusion -- Electrostatic Interaction of Particles -- Mathematical Model for Electrostatic Interaction of Particles -- Experiment on Visualization of Electrostatic Interaction of Particles -- Improvement in Sorption Velocity and Sorption Efficiency of Harmful Particles on Surfaces by Charged Sorbent Particles -- Conclusion -- Electrostatic Coagulation -- Mathematical Model for Electrostatic Coagulation of Aerosols -- Experimental Study on Electrostatic Coagulation of Aerosols. Comparison with Ultrasound Coagulation -- Conclusion -- Electrostatic Charge and Surface Wetting -- Effect of Surface Electrostatic Charge on Wetting Angle -- Theoretical Expressions -- Materials and Methods -- Measurement Results for Wetting Angle of Charged Surface -- Conclusion -- Incorporation of Electrostatically Charged Particles into Molten Metal. , Mathematical Description -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental Results on Incorporation of Electrostatically Charged Aluminum Oxide Particles into Alloy -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Fluorescein: Chemistry, Synthesis and Application in Metal Ion Detection -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis -- 2.1. Synthesis of Xanthene Ring -- 2.2. Modifications of Fluorescein Structure -- 2.2.1. Modifications at the Ortho-Positions to Hydroxyl Groups -- 2.2.2. Modifications of Hydroxyl Groups -- 2.2.3. Modifications of Benzene Moiety -- 2.2.4. Derivatization of the Carboxylic Acid Group -- 2.2.5. Reduction of 9-Position of Xanthene -- 2.3. Hybrids of Fluorescein -- 3. Metal Ion Sensing and Detection -- 3.1. Iron -- 3.1.1. Iron(II) -- 3.1.2. Iron(III) -- 3.2. Copper -- 3.2.1. Copper(I) -- 3.2.2. Copper(II) -- 3.3. Zinc(II) -- 3.4. Mercury(II) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Oligomerization and Adsorption Orientation of Amyloidogenic Peptides Over Nano-Gold Colloidal Particle Surfaces -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Materials -- 2.2. TEM Imaging -- 2.3. Methods -- 2.3.1. pH-Dependent UV-Vis Absorption Band -- 2.3.2. Correlation Relation between ΔpHo and dpH and Extraction of Coverage Ratio -- 3. Simulations -- 3.1 Simulation Process for Calculating the Coverage Fraction -- 3.2. Single Layer Model -- 3.2.1 Counting Maximum Oval Centers over a Sphere -- 3.2.2. Axial Axis Counting -- 3.2.3. Equatorial Axis Counting -- 3.2.4. Total Numbers of Adsorption Centers -- 3.2.5. Extraction of ( for the First Layer -- 3.3. Second Layer Model. , 3.3.1. Counting of Adsorption Center at Axial Axis of the Second Layer for a Lie-Down Orientation, a Targeted Sphere Lies 3a Nm above the Original Sphere. As for a Spiking-Out Orientation, a Targeted Sphere Lies 3b Nm above the Original Sphere (Figure... -- 3.3.2. Counting of Oval Center at Equatorial Axis of the Second Layer -- 3.3.3. Area Covered by Specifically Second Layer Ovals -- 3.3.4. Coverage Ratio Contributed by the Second Layer -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Extraction of Θ -- 4.2. Distance between Colloidal Particles -- 4.3. Simulation of Θ and Orientation -- 5. Discussion -- 5.1. Elucidation of Θ and Spectroscopic Measurement -- 5.2. Orientation of the Peptide over the Surface of Gold Colloidal Surface -- 5.3. Networking of the Peptide at an Interfacial Area -- 5.4. Verification of the Relationship between Physical Displacement and Coverage Ratio -- 5.5. Justification of Lower Coverage Ratio and Associated Prolate Shape -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Techniques and Its Analytical Application in Pharmaceutical Industries -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Analytical Techniques in Pharmaceutical Industry -- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy -- Principle -- Region I -- Region II -- Region III -- Instrumentation of NIR Spectroscopy -- Detection -- Importance of Chemometrics -- Chemometric Models -- Bilinear Models -- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- Partial Least Squares (PLS) -- Multiway Models -- Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) -- Parallel Factor Analysis-2 (PARAFAC-2) -- Tucker-3 -- N-Partial Least Square (N-PLS) -- NIR Spectroscopy - Practical Aspects in Qualitative Method Development -- Sampling and Data Pre-Processing -- Library Management (Calibration Set Management) -- Calibration Transfer and Model Update -- Qualitative Analyses by NIR Spectroscopy. , Pharmaceutical Applications of NIR Spectroscopy -- Applications of Chemometric in Medical Profession -- Starting Material (Raw Material) Analysis -- Polymorphism -- Determination of Moisture Content -- Flow Properties -- Blending -- Content Uniformity -- Hardness and Disintegration Time -- Dissolution -- Coating -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Adsorption Characteristics of Methylene Blue on Bagasse Bottom Ash -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Materials -- Instrumentation -- Preparation and Purification of Bagasse Bottom Ash -- Application of Purified Bagasse Bottom Ash as Adsorbent for Methylene Blue -- Effect of pH -- Effect of Adsorption Time -- Effect of Initial Concentration of Methylene Blue -- Results and Discussion -- Preparation and Purification of Bagasse Bottom Ash -- Application of Purified Bagasse Bottom Ash as Adsorbent for Methylene Blue -- Effect of pH -- Effect of Adsorption Time -- Adsorption Isotherm -- Adsorption Mechanism -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Contents of Earlier Volumes -- Index -- Blank Page.