Note: Intro -- Editorial -- Contents -- 1 Biodiversity and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD): Tendencies and Perspectives -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity -- 32010 Biodiversity Target-The Convention on Biological Diversity -- 4Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 -- 5Education for Biodiversity Conservation in the 21st Century: Beyond 2015 -- 6Education for Biodiversity: Tendencies and Perspectives -- References -- Part I Education Research on Biodiversity -- 2 Conservation of Biological Resources: Why Does It Matter? -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Reasons for Taking Action -- 3Forests' Ecosystems and Species Richness -- 3.1 The Easter Island as an Example of Human Unsustainable Practices -- 4The Relevance of Biological Resources: From Basic Needs to Economic Development -- 5Biodiversity Unknown -- 6The Extinction of Species -- 7Conclusion -- References -- 3 Urban Biodiversity and Cities' Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Urban Ecosystems -- 3Urban Development, Land Use Change, and Environmental Impacts -- 4Recognizing the Importance of Urban Biodiversity -- 5Urban Sustainable Development -- 5.1 Greening Cities -- 5.2 Public Participation -- 6Final Remarks -- References -- 4 Education on Biodiversity in the Polar Regions -- Abstract -- 1Importance of Polar Regions -- 2Importance of Polar Biodiversity -- 3Importance of Linking Education and Biodiversity Issues Related to the Polar Regions -- 4Examples of Polar Activities Related to Biodiversity -- 5Tackling the Challenging Issues on Polar Education Related to Biodiversity: Step 1. Evaluation of Impact -- 6Final Considerations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Teaching Mycology Worldwide -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Collecting -- 3Morphological Analyses. , 4Scientists and Company Collaboration to Education -- 5Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Bugs and Society I: Raising Awareness About Endemic Biodiversity -- Abstract -- 1Framing Biodiversity Loss Within Risk Governance Towards Nature Conservation -- 1.1 Social (Ir)relevance of Biodiversity Loss: A Minor Global Problem -- 1.1.1 Biodiversity Loss as an Environmental Risk -- 1.1.2 Engaging Society with Biodiversity Loss -- 1.2 Risk Communication as a Tool for Biodiversity Conservation -- 1.2.1 Risk Communication Within the Governance of Risk -- 1.2.2 Engaging Society Through Risk Communication -- 1.3 The Problem: How to Promote Endemic Insects as Azorean Natural Heritage? -- 1.3.1 Endemic Biodiversity in the Azores -- 1.3.2 The Invisibility of Azorean Biodiversity Loss -- 1.3.3 Challenging the Social Invisibility of Biodiversity Loss with Azorean Insects -- 2Planning the Bugs & -- Society Intervention: From Principles to Evaluation -- 2.1 Purposes and Guiding Principles -- 2.2 Logic Model: A Pragmatic Approach for Planning, Implementation and Evaluation -- 2.3 Logic Model: A Pragmatic Approach for Planning, Implementation and Evaluation -- 3In Synthesis -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Teaching About Biological Invasionsand Threats to Biodiversity -- 7 Science and Education at the Centre for Invasion Biology -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Serving the Education Need -- 1.2 Educational Advantages of Iimbovane -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Engaging Society to Fight Invasive Alien Plants in Portugal-One of the Main Threats to Biodiversity -- Abstract -- 1Invasive Plants as a Threat to the Biodiversity Worldwide -- 2Brief Overview of Invasive Alien Species in Portugal -- 3The Importance of Public Awareness and Engagement as Key Components to Deal with Invasive Plants in a More Sustainable Way. , 4Strategies Used to Raise Public Awareness About IAS in Portugal -- 4.1 Invasoras.Pt-Website on Invasive Plants in Portugal -- 4.2 Webmapping Platform to Geolocate Invasive Plants in Portugal -- 4.3 Fieldwork Projects About Invasive Plants -- 4.4 Training on Invasive Plants Identification and Control -- 4.5 Printed Documents About Invasive Plants -- 4.6 Other Activities -- 5Final Considerations -- References -- Part III Engaging Society in BiodiversityConservation and Sustainability -- 9 Bugs and Society II: Testing Two Communication Strategies for Public Engagement in the Azores -- Abstract -- 1Introductory Note -- 2Raising Public Awareness: The Exhibition Açorianos há Milhões de Anos-Azoreans for Millions of Years -- 2.1 Communication Goals and Strategies -- 2.2 Insect Banners on the City Streets of Angra do Heroísmo: Claiming Territory in the Public Arena -- 2.3 Outdoor Exhibition Evaluation -- 3Promoting Public Participation: The Creative Naming of Endemic Insects on Facebook-Chama-lhe Nomes! (Pick a Name!) -- 3.1 Specific Aims and Strategy -- 3.2 Naming an Insect: An Engaging Initiative -- 3.3 Facebook Contest Evaluation -- 4Discussion -- 4.1 Using Scola's Brutti, Sporchi e Cattivi of Biodiversity to Promote Nature Conservation -- 4.2 The Importance of Evaluating Outputs and Outcomes -- 4.3 Ideas Worth Sharing -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Communicating Biodiversity Conservation Research Through Dialogue and Mutual Learning in Rural and Indigenous Communities -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2A Mexican Experience of Participatory Communication -- 3Three Stages in the Participatory Process for Developing a Communication Strategy -- 3.1 Stage 1: Understanding of the Communication Context -- 3.2 Stage 2: Fostering Interaction and Exchange -- 3.3 Stage 3: Validating the Tools -- 4Concluding Remarks -- References. , 11 Education for Sustainability in the Context of Community Forestry -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Community Forests in Portugal -- 3Disconnecting the People from Old Forests -- 4Reconnecting the People with New Forests -- 5Vilarinho, a Case Study -- 6Education for the Commons -- 7Communing with Mushrooms -- 8The Mini-Commoners Baldios Governance -- 9Key Reflections and Future Challenges -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part IV Designing Sustainable Futures -- 12 Urban Forest Governance: FUTURE-The 100,000 Trees Project in the Porto Metropolitan Area -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Urban Forests as Multifunctional Green Infrastructures -- 1.2 Urban Forests as a Governance Issue -- 2Methods -- 2.1 Case Study -- 2.1.1 Context -- 2.1.2 Institutional Framework -- 2.1.3 Actors and Coalitions -- 2.1.4 Resources -- 2.1.5 Processes -- 3Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Reflexive Research and Education for Sustainable Development with Coastal Fishing Communities in the Azores Islands: A Theatre for Questions -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Fishing for Frameworks and Models -- 2.1 European Fishing Policy-A Beginning -- 2.2 Difficult Match: CFP and Sustainable Development -- 2.3 Economic Systems and Sustainable Development -- 2.4 Education and Sustainable Development -- 3Aesthetic Research = Theory in Practice? -- 3.1 A Joker in the Middle of the Ocean -- 3.2 Reflexive Practice -- 4Research as Aesthetic Place -- 5An Actor/Fisher in Boal's Theatre -- 5.1 An Actor/Researcher in Boal's Theatre-Scene 1 -- 5.2 An Actor/Researcher in Boal's Theatre-Scene 2 -- 6Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 Public Policies and Education for Biodiversity: Brazilian Challenges in a New Global Context -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Brazilian Environmental Law: A New Perception (?). , 3Public Policies for Biodiversity: Is Brazil Really Doing All that Is Needed? -- 4Game Theory, Marginalism and the Inefficiency of Environmental Agencies in Brazil -- 5Education for the Environment and Biodiversity: The Way Beyond the Classrooms -- 6Possible New Paths for Preserving Brazil's Biodiversity -- 7Conclusions -- References -- 15 Education for Sustainable Development in Brazil: Challenges for Inclusive, Differentiated and Multicultural Education -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 The Challenge of Paradigm Shift -- 1.2 Interdisciplinarity in Education -- 1.3 Dialogue Between Different Forms of Knowledge -- 1.4 Fundamental Humanitarian Principles and Brazilian Environmental Law -- 1.5 Environmental Education: A Matter of Citizenry -- 2Differentiated Education and Future Perspectives -- 2.1 Ethnic, Racial, and Gender Identities and Movements for Differentiated Education -- 2.2 Indigenous Ethnicities and Indigenous School Education: Future Perspectives -- 3Closing Remarks -- References -- Legislation -- 16 Protecting Soil Biodiversity and Soil Functions: Current Status and Future Challenges -- Abstract -- 1Soil-The Hidden Living World -- 2Soil Biodiversity, Soil Functions and the Provision of Ecosystem Services -- 3Soil Resources Under Threat -- 4Soil Protection and Conservation Strategies -- 4.1 Action Line 1: Monitoring -- 4.2 Action Line 2: Experimentation -- 4.3 Action Line 3: Raising Awareness -- References -- 17 Interdisciplinary and Participatory Research at Early Childhood to Biodiversity Education and Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Perception of Biodiversity and Their Linkages to the Ecosystems Functioning and Human Well-Being -- 2.1 Approach: Mediterranean Forest Experience -- 3Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Sample -- 3.2 Participatory Research Approach -- 4Results and Discussion. , 4.1 Participatory Research from the Children's Perspective.