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  • Articles  (342)
  • 2010-2014  (342)
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  • Articles  (342)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: New experimental results and published data on sorption of strontium and yttrium radionuclides from aqueous solutions onto layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of various compositions are summarized. The effect of double-charged (Mg 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ ) and triple-charged (Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Nd 3+ ) cations incorporated in the LDH matrix and of anions incorporated in LDH (CO 3 2− , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , OH − , Cl − , C 2 O 4 2− , H 2 EDTA 2− ) on the physicochemical properties of this class of compounds, including the ability to sorb strontium and yttrium radionuclides, is examined.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Problems of the technology of liquid radioactive waste disposal into geological formations, of radiation-thermal transformations of waste components, and of safe operation of disposal sites are discussed. The variation with time of the waste activity and temperature near the borehole shaft, and also chemical transformations of waste components, leading to the generation of gases, are described using mathematical modeling. The whole set of the data obtained confirm that the safety of deep waste disposal sites operated in accordance with the modern regulations is quire satisfactory.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: The mechanism of the chemiluminescent reaction of U(IV) oxidation with atmospheric oxygen is substantiated using published data. The suggested mechanism includes the initiating step of successive oxidation of U(IV) and U(V) with the formation of the excited ion [UO 2 2+ ·aq]*, which forms with an unexcited ion UO 2 2+ ·aq an excimer [UO 2 2+ ·aq⋯UO 2 2+ ·aq]*. The decay of the excimer yields H 2 O 2 and two U(V) ions, causing the development of the chain process of the U(IV) oxidation.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: The behavior of aqueous and acid solutions of U(IV) complexes with lacunar heteropolyanions was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering. The polytungstate forms in solutions and in crystals are generally similar. The polyanionic complexes in solutions can exhibit ordering with a period of approximately 5.6–7.8 nm. Such species are probably precursors of the crystalline form.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: To solve the problem of light-water waste ditritiation, comparative calculations were performed for the two-temperature and one-temperature installations whose operation is based on chemical isotope exchange between hydrogen and water. The two-temperature installation ensures lower power consumption, but exceeds the one-temperature installation in size by an order of magnitude and more. A scheme of a combined installation was suggested, involving the fractional vacuum distillation of water in the step of waste detritiation and successively two- and one-temperature procedures of chemical isotope exchange in the water-hydrogen system in the step of tritium concentration.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: A Mössbauer study of V 2 O 5 doped with carrier-free 57 Co showed that the iron produced by the nuclear decay of cobalt can be stabilized in different forms depending on the temperature conditions of the sample treatment. Components of di- and trivalent iron were identified in the spectra of the V 2 O 5 melt solidified under the conditions of slow cooling. After quenching the melt by immersing the crucible in mercury, a component with an isomer shift of -0.53(2) mm s −1 , corresponding to the oxidation state of +5, appears in the spectrum.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: Characteristics of the developed 82 Rb medical generator intended for the production of Rubidium Chloride, 82 Rb from Generator radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) are examined. The results of laboratory tests and clinical trials are presented. The influence of thermal sterilization on the ionexchange characteristics of the sorbent based on hydrous tin(IV) oxide is studied. The possibility of radiation “self-sterilization” of the generator column and of the maintenance of aseptic conditions in it throughout the generator operation life is assessed. In the course of operation of one generator, it is possible to obtain up to 19 L of a sterile and apyrogenic solution of the radiopharmaceutical with permissible content of radioactive and stable impurities. The efficiency of the 82 Rb elution from the sorbent at different eluent flow rates is determined. The efficiency of using the generator in PET investigations in cardiology and oncology is demonstrated.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: The structure of new mixed-valent An(IV)/Np(V) compounds [An(NpO 2 )(H 2 O) 3 (CBr 3 COO) 5 ]·CBr 3 COOH· n H 2 O, where An(IV) = Th and Np, was studied. Two independent Np(V) atoms have the coordination surrounding in the form of pentagonal bipyramids with the O atoms of NpO 2 + dioxocations in apical positions; the equatorial planes of the bipyramids are constituted by the O atoms of five CBr 3 COO − ions. Two independent An(IV) atoms have the oxygen surrounding in the form of distorted tricapped trigonal prisms (CN = 9) constituted by the O atoms of four CBr 3 COO − ions, two NpO 2 + cations, and three water molecules. Eight of ten independent CBr 3 COO − anions link the An 4+ and NpO 2 + cations in the bidentate bridging fashion into electrically neutral chains [An(NpO 2 )(H 2 O) 3 (CBr 3 COO) 5 ] n , and two CBr 3 COO − anions interact with two independent NpO 2 + dioxocations in the monodentate fashion. CBr 3 COOH and water molecules are located between the layers. In the [An(NpO 2 )(H 2 O) 3 (CBr 3 COO) 5 ] n chains, NpO 2 + cations alternate with An 4+ cations, and mixed-valent An(IV)/Np(V) cation-cation interaction arises, in which each NpO 2 + cation acts as a bidentate ligand and An 4+ acts as coordination center for two dioxocations. [Th(NpO 2 )(H 2 O) 3 (CBr 3 COO) 5 ]·CBr 3 COOH·2H 2 O is the first example of a Th(IV) compound in which cation-cation bonds with the NpO 2 + ions are present.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: Sorption of microamounts of rare earth elements(III) from HNO 3 solutions with complexing sorbents prepared by noncovalent immobilization of diphenyl(dibutylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide and an ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, on the surface of carbon nanotubes was studied in relation to the component ratio in the sorbent and to the HNO 3 concentration in the aqueous phase. The efficiency of the recovery of rare earth elements considerably increases when the sorbent phase contains the ionic liquid.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2014-10-24
    Description: The solubility in ternary systems fullerenol- d -UO 2 SO 4 -H 2 O at 25°C was studied by the method of isothermal saturation in ampules. The diagram consists of two branches corresponding to crystallization of fullerenol- d crystal hydrate and uranyl sulfate trihydrate and contains one nonvariant point of eutonic type, corresponding to joint saturation with both crystal hydrates. The eutonic is very close to the figurative point corresponding to the binary system UO 2 SO 4 -H 2 O at 25°C. Strongly pronounced salting-out effect is observed in the crystallization branch of fullerenol- d crystal hydrate.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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