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  • SAGE Publications  (79)
  • International and interdisciplinary legal research  (79)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Civil Litigation Against Police in Australia: Exploring Its Extent, Nature and Implications for Accountability
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2007-08), p. 143-160
    Details
    In: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2007-08), p. 143-160
    Abstract: Much recent policing reform has been concerned with strengthening organisational and individual accountability through complaints, discipline systems and external oversight. Civil litigation against police has largely been ignored as an accountability measure. This research aimed to broaden the understanding of police litigation in Australia, and determine the implications for its use as an accountability mechanism. While the findings are not definitive, they generally conform with previous research outcomes that most cases initiated by civilians involve allegations of police abuse of power or process corruption. A new finding is that police sue their own organisations at about the same rate as they are sued by members of the public, although primarily for unfair dismissal. The results show a need for more detailed research, but highlight that civil litigation can form part of a regulatory web for identifying, controlling and preventing police misconduct.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-8658 , 1837-9273
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1375/acri.40.2.143
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089449-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3079669-6
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Changing Nature of Interpersonal Relationships in a Women's Prison
    SAGE Publications ; 2000
    In:  The Prison Journal Vol. 80, No. 4 ( 2000-12), p. 442-468
    Details
    In: The Prison Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 80, No. 4 ( 2000-12), p. 442-468
    Abstract: It is generally assumed that the subcultures experienced by men and women in prison are diametrically opposed. Previous research indicates that incarcerated women create more stable interpersonal relationships. Thirty-five women imprisoned in the Midwest were interviewed, and their comments suggest the subculture found in women's prisons might be changing. While their observations support the notion that prisons for women are generally less violent, involve less gang activity, and do not facilitate the racial tensions evident in men's prisons, the respondents indicated their interpersonal relationships may be less stable and less familial than in the past. Specifically, participants discussed the high degree of mistrust inherent in their friendships with other female inmates. In addition, they reported numerous reasons women engage in sexual relationships; however, they believe the primary motivation involves economic manipulation. Finally, respondents did not report a significant or formal enactment of familial networks. Factors which might influence such changes are considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-8855 , 1552-7522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0032885500080004009
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028491-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Management Theory Z: Its Implications for Managing the Labor Intensive Nature of Work in Prison
    SAGE Publications ; 1982
    In:  The Prison Journal Vol. 62, No. 2 ( 1982-10), p. 58-67
    Details
    In: The Prison Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 62, No. 2 ( 1982-10), p. 58-67
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-8855 , 1552-7522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/003288558206200207
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1982
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028491-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nature/Nurture Revisited II : Social, Political, and Technological Implications of Biological Approaches to Human Conflict
    SAGE Publications ; 1975
    In:  Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 1975-12), p. 734-761
    Details
    In: Journal of Conflict Resolution, SAGE Publications, Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 1975-12), p. 734-761
    Abstract: Because the literature on the biological bases of human conflict deals nearly as much with extrascientific issues as with the purely scientific issues reviewed previously in these pages, the present review directly examines the former to illustrate the social and political context within which the scientific controversy must be understood. The discussion centers on three principal themes: (a) the distinction and often divergence between scientific knowledge and its public uses; (b) the highly selective and often partisan uses to which particular kinds of scientific knowledge about human behavior can be put; and (c) the necessity for scientists to understand the ways in which, and the reasons for which, scientific knowledge can be used in the public arena. It is concluded that safeguards must be instituted to minimize abuses of the biological approaches, and that future research on human aggression should continue to focus predominantly on structural-environmental causes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0027 , 1552-8766
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/002200277501900413
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1975
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500229-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3013-2
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 3,6
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Nature of the Dispute and the Effectiveness of International Mediation
    SAGE Publications ; 1993
    In:  Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 1993-12), p. 670-691
    Details
    In: Journal of Conflict Resolution, SAGE Publications, Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 1993-12), p. 670-691
    Abstract: The literature on mediation focuses largely on experimental laboratory studies or descriptions of single cases. This article goes beyond such approaches by analyzing systematically how dispute characteristics affect mediation outcomes. A theoretical framework for studying mediation behavior is developed and its central variables are evaluated against the mediation patterns of 97 international disputes in the postwar period. Using multivariate analysis and loglinear methods, the results indicate that dispute features such as fatalities, complexity, nature of the issue, and duration of dispute are most predictive of mediation outcomes. The authors use those results to specify a causal model that explains the data and to consider how best to evaluate the fit of alternative models of mediation to their data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0027 , 1552-8766
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002793037004005
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500229-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3013-2
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 3,6
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    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Juvenile Court Referrals and the Public Schools: Nature and Extent of the Practice in Five States
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2010-08), p. 273-293
    Details
    In: Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, SAGE Publications, Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2010-08), p. 273-293
    Abstract: Federal legislation and concern about high-profile school shootings have placed attention on safe schools and school discipline. Anecdotal evidence and several reports indicate that in response to calls to promote safety, schools are increasingly referring students to the juvenile courts for acts of misbehavior. Using data from the National Juvenile Court Data Archive, the study reported here examined school referrals (SR) to the juvenile courts in five states from 1995 to 2004. We studied SR over time as well as the proportion of total referrals originating in schools. There was variability in the number of referrals to the juvenile courts originating in the schools and in the trends of SR across states as well as the odds that referrals originated in schools. We found evidence that in four of five states, referrals from schools represented a greater proportion of total referrals to juvenile courts in 2004 than in 1995. We also found differences in the odds of SR to out-of-school referrals (OSR) by race and by gender in some states but not in others. The findings suggest that states may differ in the way in which their schools respond to misbehavior and in the way their schools directly refer students to the juvenile courts. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the findings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1043-9862 , 1552-5406
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1043986210368642
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027876-7
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Evolving Nature of Prison Argot and Sexual Hierarchies
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  The Prison Journal Vol. 83, No. 3 ( 2003-09), p. 289-300
    Details
    In: The Prison Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 83, No. 3 ( 2003-09), p. 289-300
    Abstract: Prison argot and sexual hierarchies have consistently been found to be present in U.S. correctional facilities. However, recent years have seen very few studies that focus specifically on argot labels and sexual hierarchies that exist in prisons. Using data collected from 174 face-to-face structured interviews with male inmates in multisecurity-level correctional facilities in Oklahoma, we found many similarities and differences with previous research on the issues of argot labels and the sexual hierarchy. For example, inmates who engage in same-sex sexual activity continue to be labeled based on the sexual role they portray in the institution. However, the findings of the present study suggest that the nature of these sexual relationships is changing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-8855 , 1552-7522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0032885503256330
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028491-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Nature and Outcome of Going Missing: The Challenge of Developing Effective Risk Assessment Procedures
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  International Journal of Police Science & Management Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2004-03), p. 16-26
    Details
    In: International Journal of Police Science & Management, SAGE Publications, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2004-03), p. 16-26
    Abstract: Drawing on information from a random sample of over 1,000 cases this paper highlights the variety and complexity of missing person cases, reported to the police. The overwhelming majority of missing persons are found safe and well or are no longer considered as missing. Most return within a short space of time. Some cases, however, are not concluded quickly or with such favourable outcomes. A further sample of cases, which had caused problems for the police, was examined. These cases also revealed a variety of situations, backgrounds and outcomes. Many were immigration cases or had other reasons for wishing to remain ‘missing’. Some missing persons, unfortunately, were found dead but many of them had died of natural causes and had died before the police were notified. In view of the variety of cases and the rarity of adverse outcomes it is difficult to develop statistical risk prediction scores as an aid to decision-making. Instead the Association of Chief Police Officers has issued guidance to strengthen police officers' professional judgement in dealing with MISPER (missing person) cases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-3557 , 1478-1603
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1350/ijps.6.1.16.34459
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2112649-5
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ‘If the cap fits’? Probation staff and the changing nature of supervision in a Community Rehabilitation Company
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Probation Journal Vol. 67, No. 2 ( 2020-06), p. 98-117
    Details
    In: Probation Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 67, No. 2 ( 2020-06), p. 98-117
    Abstract: This article explores the changing nature of supervision in a Community Rehabilitation Company (CRC) following the Transforming Rehabilitation ( TR) reforms to probation services in England and Wales. Based on an ethnographic study of an office within a privately owned CRC, it argues that TR has entrenched long-term trends towards ‘Taylorised’ probation practice. This is to say that qualitative and quantitative changes to the complexion of practitioners’ caseloads since TR reflect a decades-long devaluation of the probation service and its staff. The decision to allocate most qualified practitioners to the National Probation Service means that Case Managers (i.e. probation service officers) now supervise offenders who would historically have been supervised by Senior Case Managers (i.e. probation officers). This loss of expertise has been exacerbated by administrative staff redundancies at the office. The result is an increasingly standardised and fragmented mode of working within the CRC in which the majority of services are now delivered by the voluntary sector.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0264-5505 , 1741-3079
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0264550520911982
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2120868-2
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Patriotism or Opinion Leadership? : The Nature and Origins of the “Rally 'Round the Flag” Effect
    SAGE Publications ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 45, No. 5 ( 2001-10), p. 661-687
    Details
    In: Journal of Conflict Resolution, SAGE Publications, Vol. 45, No. 5 ( 2001-10), p. 661-687
    Abstract: In this study, the “rally effect”—the propensity for the American public to put aside political differences and support the president during international crises—is measured by considering the changes in presidential popularity following all 193 Militarized Interstate Disputes (MIDs) between 1933 and 1992 as identified by the Correlates of War project. Summary analyses find minor, statistically insignificant rallies associated with uses of force, although sizable rallies are associated with particular subcategories of military crises. However, larger rallies are associated with the United States as both revisionist and originator of the dispute, with the initiation of a full interstate war, and with prominent headline placement in the New York Times. Regression analyses indicate that rallies are more likely when they are associated with White House statements and bipartisan support for the administration's policies. Findings suggest that the size and appearance of a rally depends primarily on how the crisis is presented to the public in terms of media coverage, bipartisan support, and White House spin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0027 , 1552-8766
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002701045005006
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500229-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3013-2
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 3,6
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