Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Intelligent Computing Systems -- 2 Semantic Tools -- Their Use for Knowledge Management in the Public Sector -- Abstract -- 1 Outlines -- 2 Introduction---Presentation of the Field of Interest -- 2.1 E-Government---The Opportunities Through the Semantic Web -- 2.2 Public Open Data for the Transition to `Open Government' -- 3 Related Work -- 4 Semantic Representation of Knowledge -- 4.1 The RDF Data Model -- 4.2 The URI's Use -- 4.3 RDF Schema Specification Language -- 4.4 Web Ontology Language---OWL -- 5 Reasoning Tools -- 5.1 SWRL Rules -- 5.2 The Query Language SQWRL -- 6 Presentation of Our Ontology Through Prot00E9g00E9 -- 6.1 The Ontology Development in Prot00E9g00E9 4.3 -- 6.2 The E-Government Ontology -- 6.2.1 Defining Classes -- 6.2.2 Defining Properties -- 6.3 The Use of RDF, RDFS, OWL and SWRL Through a Case Study -- 7 Data Mining Technology from Ontologies -- 7.1 SPARQL -- 7.2 SPARQL-DL in OWL2 Query Tab of Prot00E9g00E9 -- 7.3 DL Query Tool of Prot00E9g00E9 -- 8 Evaluation of Ontology -- 8.1 Categorization of the Ontology -- 8.2 Basic Principles of Design -- 8.3 Methodology of the Ontology Development -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- 3 From Game Theory to Complexity, Emergence and Agent-Based Modeling in World Politics -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Game Theory in World Politics -- 2.1 A Game Theoretic Approach of Global Environmental Diplomacy -- 3 From Game Theory to Complexity -- 3.1 Emergence in World Politics -- 4 Simulating Complexity with Agent-Based Modeling -- 4.1 Agent-Based Modeling Research in World Politics -- 4.1.1 Political Applications of ABM -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- List of Software Resources -- 4 A Semantic Approach for Representing and Querying Business Processes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Semantic Web Techniques in Management Information Systems -- 2.1 What's Worth in Combining Management Information Systems with Semantic Web Technologies? -- 2.2 Process Models, Conceptual Models and Ontologies -- 2.3 Querying Business Process Models -- 2.4 Related Work -- 3 A BPMN Semantic Process Model -- 3.1 The Research Methodology -- 3.2 Developing Business Process Models -- 3.3 Developing the Ontology -- 3.3.1 The Scope of the BPMN Elements -- 3.3.2 The Scope of the Generic BPMN Alternative Models -- 3.3.3 The Scope of the Agent or Actor Participating in the Process -- 3.4 Validating the Ontology -- 4 Querying Conventional Databases and Semantic Models -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Using Conversational Knowledge Management as a Lens for Virtual Collaboration in the Course of Small Group Activities -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work and Motivation -- 2.1 Conversational Patterns -- 2.2 Design Frames and Technologies for CK Management -- 2.3 Consolidation and Research Focus -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Samples and Analysis -- 3.2 Language-Action Models -- 4 Implementation -- 4.1 Transformable Document Templates -- 4.2 The Portlets -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6 Spatial Environments for m-Learning: Review and Potentials -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 List of Resources -- 3 Classification Criteria -- 4 Exemplary Environments -- 5 Comparison -- 6 Results -- 7 Conclusions/Future Work -- References -- 7 Science Teachers' Metaphors of Digital Technologies and Social Media in Pedagogy in Finland and in Greece -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 Approaching Science -- 2.2 The Relationship Between Science and Digital Technology -- 3 The Study -- 3.1 Aims & -- Methods -- 3.2 The Context and the Participants -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 Science as Way of Thinking. , 4.2 Science as Method -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Data Driven Monitoring of Energy Systems: Gaussian Process Kernel Machine for Fault Identification with Application to Boiling Water Reactors -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gaussian Process Kernel Machines -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Application to Monitoring Complex Energy Systems: The Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) Case -- 4.1 Problem Statement -- 4.2 Testing Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 A Framework to Assess the Behavior and Performance of a City Towards Energy Optimization -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Policy Context -- 3 Current Relevant Initiatives -- 4 Description of the Framework -- 5 Municipal Building Level SCEAF -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 10 An Energy Management Platform for Smart Microgrids -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Smart Polygeneration Microgrid Pilot Plant -- 3 The Energy Management Platform -- 4 The Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions and Future Research Lines -- References -- List of Resources -- 11 Transit Journaling and Traffic Sensitive Routing for a Mixed Mode Public Transportation System -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Limited Scope of Data -- 1.2 Formal Route Names Versus Informal Headsigns -- 1.3 Insufficient Stop Descriptions -- 1.4 Traffic Sensitivity in Routing/Trip Planning -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Crowdsourced Mapping and Real-time Tracking -- 2.2 Activity Detection -- 2.3 Trip Planning/Routing -- 2.3.1 Dijkstra's Algorithm -- 2.3.2 A* Search -- 2.3.3 Raptor -- 2.4 Trip Planning with Real-time Data -- 3 Methodology/Design -- 3.1 The Server/Back-End -- 3.1.1 GTFS Data Pre-processing -- 3.1.2 Server Design -- 3.1.3 The Modified RAPTOR Search Algorithm -- 3.2 The Mobile App -- 3.2.1 Search -- 3.2.2 Results/Journey Displays -- 3.2.3 Recording. , 3.2.4 Traffic Report -- 3.2.5 Results Display -- 3.2.6 Journey Display -- 3.2.7 Journal -- 3.2.8 Stop Editor -- 3.2.9 Route Editor -- 4 Tests and Results -- 4.1 Basic Routing Capacity -- 4.1.1 Survey -- 4.1.2 Demographics -- 4.1.3 Algorithm Evaluation -- 4.2 Traffic Sensitivity -- 4.3 Journey Recorder -- 5 Future Work -- 5.1 Base Estimate Correction -- 5.2 Preference-Weighing System -- 5.3 Traffic Flow Prediction -- 5.4 Further Evaluation of Mapping Ability -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Adaptation of Automatic Information Extraction Method for Environmental Heatmaps to U-Matrices of Self Organising Maps -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 3 HInEx---Heatmap Information Extraction -- 3.1 The Idea -- 3.2 Heatmap Area Isolation -- 3.3 Clustering Image Pixels Based on Colors -- 3.4 Generating Tree Description -- 3.5 The Key Search and Its Analysis -- 3.6 The Axis Search and Their Analysis -- 3.7 Complete Heatmap Description -- 4 SOM Cluster Number Extraction Based on U-Matrix -- 4.1 The Idea of HInEx Application to SOM U-Matrix -- 4.2 Clustering -- 4.3 Extracting a U-Matrix Cell Corresponding to a Single Distance Between Neurons -- 4.4 Searching a Color Representing the Minimal Neuron Distance in SOM -- 4.5 Threshold-like Operation -- 4.6 Dilatation and Erosion-like Operations -- 4.7 Searching for the Number of Groups in SOM -- 5 SOM Generator Description -- 6 Experimental Study -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Evolutionary Computing and Genetic Algorithms: Paradigm Applications in 3D Printing Process Optimization -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evolutionary Optimization -- 3 Determination of the Pareto-Optimal Build Orientations in Stereolithography -- 3.1 Orientation Selection in SL -- 3.2 Algorithm Configuration and Implementation -- 3.3 Build Orientation Case Study. , 4 Determination of the Optimum Packing Layout in Stereolithography Machine Workspace -- 4.1 Optimization Scheme -- 4.2 Packing Layout Construction Process -- 4.3 Packing Layout Case Studies -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 14 Car-Like Mobile Robot Navigation: A Survey -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 RRT-Based Methods -- 2.1 Unsafe Path Planning -- 2.2 Safe Path Planning -- 2.3 Rapidly Exploring Random Tree Algorithm on Rough Terrains (RRT-RT) -- 2.4 RRT Motion Planning Subsystem -- 2.5 Partial Motion Planning -- 2.6 Sensor-Based Random Tree (SRT) -- 2.7 RRT* Algorithm -- 2.8 Voronoi Fast Marching (VFM) and Fast Marching (FM2) -- 2.9 SBL Algorithm -- 2.10 Single-Query Motion Planning -- 2.11 Dynamic-Domain RRT -- 2.12 Transition-Based RRT -- 2.13 Parallelizing Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree (RRT) Algorithm on Large-Scale Distributed-Memory Architectures -- 2.14 Obstacle Sensitive Cost Function for Navigating Car-Like Robots -- 3 Methods Based on Fuzzy Logic -- 3.1 Distributed Active-Vision Network-Space System -- 3.2 Internet-Based Smart Space Navigation Using Fuzzy-Neural Adaptive Control -- 4 Sensor-Based Methods -- 4.1 Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) -- 4.2 Generalized Voronoi Graph (GVG) Theory -- 4.3 Navigation in Dynamic Environments Using Trajectory Deformation -- 4.4 Probabilistic Velocity Obstacle (PVO) -- 5 SLAM-Based Methods -- 5.1 On-line Path Following -- 5.2 The CyCab: A Car-Like Robot Navigating Autonomously and Safely Among Pedestrians -- 5.3 V-Slam -- 5.4 SLAM-Based Turning Strategy in Restricted Environments -- 5.5 L-Slam -- 6 Conclusions and Future Work -- 6.1 Future Directions in Autonomous Robot Navigation and Obstacle Perception -- 6.2 Future Directions in Applications of Autonomously-Navigating Robots -- References -- 15 Computing a Similarity Coefficient for Mining Massive Data Sets -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Related Work.

Note: Intro -- Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments,Volume 2 -- Preface -- Letter from the Editorial Team -- Editorial Introduction -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Biodiversity Evolution and DataManagement -- 1 The Census of Antarctic Marine Life: The First Available Baseline for Antarctic Marine Biodiversity -- 1.1…History of the Project -- 1.1.1 The IPY Proposal -- 1.1.2 CAML Organization -- 1.1.3 CAML Scientific Targets -- 1.2…CAML Coordination Effort -- 1.2.1 CAML Main Expeditions -- 1.3…CAML Main Results -- 1.3.1 Distributional Records -- 1.3.2 Coordination with SCAR-MarBIN -- 1.3.3 DNA Barcoding -- 1.3.4 Published Results and Journal Special Issues -- 1.3.5 Workshop Organisation -- 1.4…The CAML Legacy -- 1.5…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- 2 Connecting Biodiversity Data During the IPY: The Path Towards e-Polar Science -- 2.1…IPY and the Need for Data Sharing -- 2.2…The Antarctic Biodiversity Data Ecosystem -- 2.3…Findings and Motivations -- 2.4…The Biodiversity Data Paper Concept -- 2.5…The Future: Towards True Integration -- 2.6…Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Evolution: A Molecular Perspective -- 3 Southern Ocean Evolution in a Global Context: A Molecular Viewpoint -- 3.1…A Brief Climatic, Oceanographic and Tectonic History of the Southern Ocean -- 3.2…The Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a Barrier -- 3.3…Connectivity with Other Oceans -- 3.3.1 Southern Ocean: Source and Sink? -- 3.3.2 Difficulties in Dating Evolutionary Events to Relate Them to Climate Change -- 3.3.3 Cosmopolitan Species -- 3.3.4 Bipolar Species -- 3.4…Connectivity within the Southern Ocean -- 3.4.1 The Southern Ocean as a Biodiversity Hotspot -- 3.4.2 Cryptic Species -- 3.4.3 Eurybathy and Circumpolarity -- 3.5…Summary and Future Directions for Molecular Work -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 4 Pole-to-Pole Gene Flow in Protozoan Ciliates -- 4.1…Backgrounds -- 4.2…Ciliate Biodiversity at the Poles -- 4.3…Ciliate Mating Systems -- 4.4…Collection Sites and Polar Euplotes Species -- 4.5…Phylogenetic Relationships -- 4.6…Mating and Breeding Interactions -- 4.7…Preliminary Evidence of Pole-to-Pole Gene Flow in Nature -- 4.8…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Excess Oxygen in Polar Evolution: A Whole Organism Perspective -- 5.1…Living Conditions in Antarctic Marine Waters -- 5.2…A Unifying Concept: Oxygen and Capacity Limitation of Thermal Tolerance -- 5.3…Antarctic Challenges: Physiological Pathways of Adapting to Cold -- 5.3.1 Marine Crustaceans -- 5.3.2 At the Doorstep to Antarctica: Sub-Antarctic Stone Crabs -- 5.4…Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Catalysis and Protein Folding in Extreme Temperature Environments -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…The Thermophiles -- 6.2.1 The Stability Problem -- 6.2.2 Activity and Stability -- 6.2.3 Folding at High Temperature -- 6.2.3.1 GroEL/GroES -- 6.2.3.2 DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE -- 6.2.3.3 The Trigger Factor -- 6.2.4 Partial Conclusion -- 6.3…The Psychrophiles -- 6.3.1 Enzyme Activity at Low Temperatures -- 6.3.2 Folding at Low Temperatures -- 6.4…Conclusions -- References -- Part III Monitoring and Management -- 7 Changing the Look on Seals from Pole to Pole with Satellite Technology -- 7.1…Satellites in Seal Research -- 7.2…Antarctic Seals -- 7.2.1 Crabeater Seal (Lobodon carcinophagus) -- 7.2.2 Ross Seal (Ommatophoca rossii) -- 7.2.3 Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) -- 7.2.4 Spatial Segregation of Antarctic Phocid Seals -- 7.3…Arctic Seals -- 7.3.1 Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) -- 7.3.1.1 Greenland Sea -- 7.3.1.2 White Sea -- 7.3.2 Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata) -- 7.4…Adaptations to Diving -- References. , 8 Environmental Processes, Biodiversity and Changes in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…Environmental Processes -- 8.2.1 Atmosphere -- 8.2.2 Terrestrial Environment -- 8.2.3 Marine Environment -- 8.2.3.1 Physical Setting -- 8.2.3.2 Hydrochemistry -- 8.2.3.3 Geophysics and Geochemistry -- 8.2.3.4 Marine Life -- 8.3…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Environmental Assessment of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica -- 9.1…Introduction -- 9.2…Study Area -- 9.3…Environmental Assessment -- 9.3.1 Atmospheric Environment -- 9.3.2 Terrestrial Environment -- 9.3.3 Marine Environment -- 9.4…Monitoring Strategy Proposal -- 9.4.1 Terrestrial Environment Indicators -- 9.4.2 Marine Environment Indicators -- 9.5…Final Considerations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Anthropogenic Impacts on Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Islands and the Adjacent Marine Environments -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Southern Ocean: Anthropogenic Pressures -- 10.2.1 Climate Change -- 10.2.2 Human Activity in Antarctica -- 10.2.3 Sealing, Whaling and Fisheries -- 10.2.4 Tourism -- 10.2.5 Invasive Species -- 10.2.6 Offshore Exploration, Military and Scientific Activities -- 10.3…Marine Environmental Management -- 10.4…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Polar Monitoring: Seabirds as Sentinels of Marine Ecosystems -- 11.1…The Global Importance of Polar Monitoring -- 11.2…Seabirds as Bio-Indicators -- 11.2.1 High Trophic Level Position -- 11.2.2 Diversity of Species and Food Web Interactions -- 11.2.3 Wide Sampling Range -- 11.2.4 Autonomous Environmental Samplers -- 11.3…Understanding Seabird Responses to Environmental Patterns Can Help Us Gauge the Adaptive Capacities to Future Climate Changes -- 11.3.1 Phenotypic Flexibility and Plasticity -- 11.3.1.1 Phenology -- 11.3.1.2 Foraging Strategies. , 11.3.1.3 Dispersal -- 11.3.2 Microevolutionary Processes -- 11.3.2.1 Selection -- 11.3.2.2 Genetic Drift -- 11.3.2.3 Genetic Flow -- 11.3.3 Integrating Phenotypic and Microevolutionary Approaches -- 11.4…Polar Life Observatories to Track Changes of Polar Ecosystems -- 11.4.1 What are Life Observatories? -- 11.4.1.1 Demographic Monitoring -- 11.4.1.2 Genetic Assessment and Monitoring -- 11.4.1.3 Bio-Monitoring Pollution -- 11.4.1.4 Foraging Monitoring -- 11.4.2 Innovative Technology Development and Ethics -- 11.5…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Conclusions -- Perspectives and Implications.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Contents -- Part IBuilding Forest Inventory Institutions -- 1 The Growing Mandate of Forest Inventories -- 1.1…Emerging Environmental Problems -- 1.2…The Road from Stockholm to Rio -- 1.3…Global Forest Resources Assessments During 2000--2010 -- 1.4…The Existing Capacity in the Tropical Regions -- 1.5…The Purpose and Organization of the Book -- 1.5.1 Purpose of the Book -- 1.5.2 Organization of the Book -- 1.5.3 The Information Sources -- Recommended Further Reading -- On Web -- 2 Forest Inventory Problem Formulation -- 2.1…Linking Forest Inventory with the Problem -- 2.2…The Changing Demand for Forest Inventory Information -- 2.3…Problem-Oriented Classification of Forest Inventories -- 2.4…Identification of Information Needs -- 2.5…Identification and Assessment of Environmental Functions of Forests -- Recommended Further Reading -- 3 Organizing Existing Information -- 3.1…The Role of Existing Information -- 3.2…The Existing Forest Inventories Data and Reports -- 3.3…The Existing Forest Research Data -- 3.4…National/International Libraries and Journals -- 3.5…Forest Dynamics Plots (FDP) -- 3.6…FAO FORIS: An Example of Organizing Country Data -- Recommended Further Reading -- 4 Technology Transfer and Applications -- 4.1…The Role of Technology in Forest Inventory -- 4.2…A Classification of Emerging Technologies -- 4.3…Strategy for Adopting New Technologies -- 4.3.1 Strengthening Core Competence -- 4.4…Special Considerations in Technology Applications -- 4.5…FAO Remote Sensing Surveys of Tropical Forests -- 4.5.1 Background -- 4.5.2 Methodology -- 4.5.3 Main Findings -- Recommended Further Reading -- On Web -- 5 Capacity Building in Planning and Forest Assessments -- 5.1…The Problem Formulation -- 5.2…Areas for Capacity Development in Forest Assessments. , 5.3…Integration of Planning with Forest Inventory: An Important Issue -- 5.3.1 Long-Term Forestry Planning (Strategic Forestry Planning) -- 5.3.2 Medium and Short-Term Forestry Planning (or Forest Management Planning) -- 5.4…Sustainable Non-Timber Forest Management: An Emerging Area -- 5.5…European Experience with Capacity Development -- 5.6…The Role of International/Regional Cooperation -- Geomatics Center of the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, Hyderabad, India -- Recommended Further Reading -- Geomatics Center of the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, Hyderabad, India (contd.)An Analysis of Causes for the Success: The subject is complex to analyze, but some of the contributory factors are briefly touched upon. Initially, FAO provided a vision for the GIS development, application and its institutional growth on a continuing basis including establishing a main center at Dullapalli, close to Hyderabad, and the vision of the three regional sub-centers by ecological zone. All these are real -- Part IIPractice of Forest Inventory -- 6 Statistical Planning -- 6.1…The Purpose of Statistical Planning -- 6.2…Role of the Forest Statistician -- 6.3…Main Steps in the Sample Survey Design -- 6.4…Some Commonly Used Designs for Forest Assessments -- 6.4.1 A Brief Description of Designs -- 6.5…Survey of Trees Outside Forests -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 The Formulation of Survey Objectives -- 6.5.3 Defining Survey Universe -- 6.5.4 Survey Methodology -- 6.5.5 Bangladesh National Inventory of Village Forests -- 6.5.6 Survey of Trees Outside Forests in India -- 6.5.7 Distance Method for Study of Discontinuous Vegetation of Andhra Pradesh, India -- 6.6…A Forest Inventory Planning Checklist -- Recommended Further Reading -- On Web -- 7 Special Studies -- 7.1…The Scope of Special Studies -- 7.2…The Planning of Special Studies -- 7.3…Development of Volume Equations. , 7.4…Biomass Functions -- 7.5…Non-Wood Forest Products -- 7.5.1 Fruit/Seed/Pulp Yield -- Recommended Further Reading -- 8 Data Collection -- 8.1…Classification of Data Sources -- 8.2…Field Plan and Logistics -- 8.3…Field Manual and Field Forms -- 8.4…Special Studies -- 8.5…Check-Crew Work -- 8.6…Computer-Assisted & -- !nbsp -- Editing & -- !nbsp -- and & -- !blank -- Data & -- !nbsp -- Archival & -- !nbsp -- Routines -- Recommended Further Reading -- 9 Data Processing -- 9.1…Roles of Data Processing -- 9.2…Data Processing Operations in a Forest Inventory -- 9.2.1 Phase I: Manual and Computer-Assisted Editing of Field Forms -- 9.2.2 Phase II: Development of Volume Functions -- 9.2.3 Phase III: Tree Volume Estimation and Plot Level Summaries for Error Calculation -- 9.2.4 Phase IV: Estimation of Means and Standard Errors -- 9.2.5 Phase V: Final Tabulations and Database Storage and Archival Routines -- 9.3…Some Strategic Data Processing Questions -- 9.4…Generalized Versus Tailor-Made EDP Systems -- 9.5…Case Study of FAO Forest Inventory Data Processing System (FIDAPS) -- 9.5.1 Output and Input Specifications -- 9.5.2 PC-FIDAPS documentation -- 9.5.3 Concluding Remarks -- 10 The Report Writing -- 10.1…General Comments on Reporting -- 10.2…Forest Inventory Problem Formulation -- 10.3…The Statistical Planning -- 10.3.1 The Sampling Design -- 10.3.2 Special Studies -- 10.4…Main Findings of the Survey -- 10.4.1 The Land Cover and Forest Changes -- 10.4.2 The Condition of the Forest Floor -- 10.4.3 Trees Outside Forests -- 10.4.4 Comparison with Other Forests in the District -- 10.4.5 Livelihood and Resource-Use Pattern -- 10.4.6 Fuelwood Gathering and Sal Leaf Plucking -- 10.5…Survey Evaluation and Recommendations -- Recommended Further Reading -- Part IIISouth-South Cooperation -- 11 Common Patterns of Spatial Variations in the Tropics. , 11.1…Similarities in Forest Formations Across the Continents -- 11.2…Macro-Variation Patterns and Their Significance for Stratification -- 11.3…Meso-Variation Patterns and Their Significance for the Sampling Design -- 11.4…Micro-Variation Patterns and Their Significance for Plot Size and Shape -- 11.5…Rain Forest Loss and Change -- Recommended Further Reading -- 12 Remote Sensing Applications in Forest Inventory -- 12.1…On Rapid Developments in Remote Sensing Technology -- 12.2…Lidar Potentials in Forest Inventory -- 12.3…Applications of Aerial Photographs in Forest Inventory -- 12.3.1 Complete Photo Interpretation -- 12.3.2 Point Photo Interpretation -- 12.4…Estimating Cost-Effectiveness of Remote Sensing -- 12.5…A Case Study of FSI State of Forest Report -- 12.5.1 Assessment Method -- 12.5.2 Accuracy Assessment -- Recommended Further Reading -- 13 Growth and Yield Studies -- 13.1…Special Growth and Yield Conditions in the Tropics -- 13.2…Growth and Yield of Tropical Plantations -- 13.2.1 Methods of Study -- 13.2.2 The Current State of Knowledge -- 13.3…Growth and Yield Research in the Temperate Zone -- 13.3.1 The Current Status -- 13.3.2 Forest Plantation's Development Modeling -- Increment and Volume Relation -- 13.4…Growth and Yield of Mixed Tropical Forests -- 13.5…Growth and Yield of Individual Trees -- 13.5.1 Methods of Research -- 13.5.2 Stump and Stem Analysis -- 13.5.3 Increment Borings -- 13.6…Applications of G& -- Y Research in Forest Management Planning -- 13.6.1 Hill Dipterocarp Forests of Malaysia -- 13.6.2 Mixed Tropical Forests, Indonesia -- Recommended Further Reading -- 14 Estimating Potential Productivity of Forests -- 14.1…The Need for Potential Productivity Estimation -- 14.2…Description of Climatic Indices -- 14.2.1 Paterson Climate--Vegetation--Productivity Index -- 14.2.2 Validation of Paterson Index for India. , 14.2.3 Weck Productivity Index (WPI) -- 14.2.4 Validation of Weck Productivity Indices -- 14.3…Recent Availability of Climatic Data for the Tropics -- 14.3.1 Temperature -- 14.3.2 Growing Season -- 14.3.3 Relative Humidity -- 14.3.4 Day Length -- 14.3.5 Precipitation -- 14.4…The Areas of Further Research on Forest--Climate Relation -- 14.4.1 Productivity Indices -- 14.4.2 Annual Growth Indices -- 14.4.3 Hardness Index -- 14.4.4 Suggestions for a Climatic Index -- 14.5…South--South Cooperation in Climate--Change Research -- Recommended Further Reading -- 15 Land Evaluation Techniques for Forestry Planning -- 15.1…The Purpose of Land Evaluation -- 15.2…Description of Land Evaluation Techniques -- 15.3…Applications of Land Evaluation Techniques in Forestry -- 15.4…Land Evaluation for Forestry Planning at the National Level -- 15.5…Land Evaluation for Forestry Planning at the District Level -- Recommended Further Reading -- Part IVInternational Dimensions of ForestResources Assessments -- 16 Identification and Evaluation of Environmental Functions of Forests -- 16.1…The Problem Formulation -- 16.2…Components of Cultural and Natural Ecosystems -- 16.3…The Ecosystem Dynamics -- 16.4…The Ecosystem Variables and Change Model -- 16.5…Example of a Study Using Ecosystem Approach -- Recommended Further Reading -- 17 Ecological Zoning and Assessments of Biological Diversity in the Tropics -- 17.1…The Need for Ecological Zoning -- 17.2…The Approach for Ecological Zoning -- 17.2.1 The Choice of Parameters -- 17.2.2 The Classification and Mapping of EFZ -- 17.2.3 The Validation Phase -- 17.3…The EFZ Map and the Database -- 17.4…The Tropical Forest Ecosystems Report 1992 -- 17.5…Biodiversity Loss Associated with Tropical Deforestation -- 17.5.1 Problem Formulation -- 17.5.2 Modeling of Biological Diversity Richness Loss: FRA1990 Approach. , 17.5.3 Species Area Relation by Ecological Zone.