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  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)  (59)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing
  • London :Taylor & Francis Group,
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Remote Sensing and Geo Informatics Applications : Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018 (2019)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Geology ; Environmental pollution ; Natural Hazards ; Geology ; Environmental pollution ; Marine Sciences ; Marine Sciences ; Water pollution. ; Natural disasters. ; Freshwater. ; Atmospheric sciences. ; Marine sciences. ; Konferenzschrift Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (1. : 2018: Hammamet) 12.11.-15.11.2018 ; Geoinformatik ; Geoinformationssystem ; Geoinformation ; Datenanalyse ; Kongress ; Arabische Staaten ; Arabien ; Nordafrika ; Geostatistik ; Fernerkundung
    Description / Table of Contents: This edited volume is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018. The book compiles a wide range of topics addressing various issues by experienced researchers mainly from research institutes in the Mediterranean, MENA region, North America and Asia. Remote sensing observations can close gaps in information scarcity by complementing ground-based sparse data. Spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric characteristics of satellites sensors are most suitable for features identification. The local to global nature and broad spatial scale of remote sensing with the wide range of spectral coverage are essential characteristics, which make satellites an ideal platform for mapping, observation, monitoring, assessing and providing necessary mitigation measures and control for different related Earth's systems processes. Main topics in this book include: Geo-informatics Applications, Land Use / Land Cover Mapping and Change Detection, Emerging Remote Sensing Applications, Rock Formations / Soil Lithology Mapping, Vegetation Mapping Impact and Assessment, Natural Hazards Mapping and Assessment, Ground Water Mapping and Assessment, Coastal Management of Marine Environment and Atmospheric Sensing
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 361 p. 196 illus., 172 illus. in color, online resource)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Earth and Environmental Science
    ISBN: 9783030014407
    Series Statement: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01440-7
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01440-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01440-7
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk : Volume 1 Sendai Landslide Partnerships and Kyoto Landslide Commitment (2021)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Environmental management. ; Environmental policy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Forum Lectures and Special Lecture: On the prediction of landslides and their consequences -- Design recommendations for single and dual rigid debris flow barriers with and without basal clearance -- The rockfall failure hazard assessment: summary and new advances -- Progress and lessons learned from responses to landslide disasters -- Behind-the-scenes in mitigation of landslides and other geohazards in low income countries - in memory of Hiroshi Fukuoka -- The impact of climate change on landslide hazard and risk -- Sendai Landslide Partnerships, Kyoto Landslide Commitment, and International programme on Landslides: Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk -- International Consortium on Landslides -- The ICL journal Landslides - 16 years of capacity development for landslide risk reduction -- UNESCO/KU/ICL UNITWIN Cooperation Programme-Members and recent activities -- International Programme on Landslides (IPL) -- SATREPS project for Sri Lanka with regard to “Development of early warning technology of Rain-induced Rapid and Long-travelling Landslides” -- Central Asia – rockslides' and rock avalanches' treasury and workbook -- Results of recent monitoring activities on landslide Umka, Belgrade, Serbia - IPL 181 -- Landslides in Weathered Flysch: From Activation to Deposition (WCoE 2017-2020) -- Report of the Croatian WCoE 2017-2020: From landslide mapping to risk assessment -- LARAM School: an ongoing experience -- Advanced technologies for Landslides (WCoE 2017-2020) -- Extreme rainfall event and its aftermath analysis - IPL 210 project progress report -- Complex geomorphological and engineering geological research of landslides with adverse societal impacts -- Report of the IPL-219, IPL-220 and Croatian WCoE 2017-2020: From landslide investigation to landslide prediction and stabilization -- Landslide-induced Tsunamis: Simulation of Tsunami waves induced by coastal and submarine landslides in Japan -- On the use of statistical analysis to understand submarine landslide processes and assess their hazard -- The continuing underestimated tsunami hazard from submarine landslides -- December 11, 2018 landslide and 90-m icy tsunami in the Bureya water reservoir -- The link between upper-slope submarine landslides and mass transport deposits in the hadal trenchs -- Tsunami from the San Andrés Landslide on El Hierro, Canary Islands: first attempt using simple scenario -- A sedimentological study of turbidite layers on a deep–sea terrace in the Japan Trench -- Flank failure of the volcanic Turtle Island and the submarine landslide in the southernmost Okinawa Trough -- Numerical simulation for tsunami generation due to a landslide -- Dealing with mass flow-induced tsunamis at Stromboli volcano: monitoring strategies through multi-platform remote sensing -- Detailed seafloor observation on a deep-sea terrace along the Japan Trench after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake -- Landslides at UNESCO designates sites and contribution from WMO, FAO, IRDR -- Landslides at UNESCO-designated sites -- Traditional knowledge and local expertise in landslide risk mitigation of world heritages sites -- Reconstruction of the slope instability conditions before the 2016 failure in an urbanized district of Florence (Italy), a UNESCO World Heritage Site -- Integrating Kinematic analysis and Infrared Thermography for instability processes assessment in the rupestrian monastery complex of David Gareja (Georgia) -- Shallow landslide susceptibility assessment in the High City of Antananarivo (Madagascar) -- Thermo-mechanical cliff stability at tomb KV42 in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt -- Collaboration in MHEWS through an Integrated Way: The Great Efforts Contributed by Multi-stakeholder Partnership at National, Regional and International Levels -- Resilient Watershed Management: Landscape Approach to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction -- Integrating DRR into the conservation and management mechanisms of the internationally designated sites – view of IRDR -- Landslide hazard and risk assessment for civil protection early response -- Size matters: the impact of small, medium and large landslide disasters -- Practices of Public Participation Early Warning System for Geological Hazards in China -- Education and Capacity Development for Risk Management and Risk Governance -- Early warning systems in Italy: state-of-the-art and future trends -- Community-based landslide risk management in contrasting social environments, cases from the Czech Republic -- Refinement Progresses on Freeway Slope Maintenance after a Huge Landslide Disaster -- Landslide exposure community-based mapping: a first encounter in a small rural locality of Mexico -- Co-producing data and decision support tools to reduce landslide risk in the humid tropics -- ICT-based landslide disaster simulation drill: Road to achieve 2030 global commitment -- A Preliminary Work of Safety Potential Analysis Model for Anchors Used on Freeway Slopes -- Initial Experiences of Community Involvement in an Early Warning System in Informal Settlements in Medellín, Colombia -- Capacity Building and Community Preparedness towards Landslide Disaster in Pagerharjo Village, Kulon Progo Regency of Yogyakarta, Indonesia -- Protection of a cultural heritage site in Croatia from rockfall occurrences -- Cutting-edge technologies aiming for better outcomes of landslide disaster mitigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXV, 641 p. 527 illus., 483 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030601966
    Series Statement: ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60196-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60196-6
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Impact Forecasting to Support Emergency Management of Natural Hazards (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Forecasting and early warning systems are important investments to protect lives, properties and livelihood. While early warning systems are frequently used to predict the magnitude, location and timing of potentially damaging events, these systems rarely provide impact estimates, such as the expected amount and distribution of physical damage, human consequences, disruption of services or financial loss. Complementing early warning systems with impact forecasts has a two‐fold advantage: it would provide decision makers with richer information to take informed decisions about emergency measures, and focus the attention of different disciplines on a common target. This would allow capitalizing on synergies between different disciplines and boosting the development of multi‐hazard early warning systems. This review discusses the state‐of‐the‐art in impact forecasting for a wide range of natural hazards. We outline the added value of impact‐based warnings compared to hazard forecasting for the emergency phase, indicate challenges and pitfalls, and synthesize the review results across hazard types most relevant for Europe. Plain language summary Forecasting and early warning systems are important investments to protect lives, properties and livelihood. While such systems are frequently used to predict the magnitude, location and timing of potentially damaging events, they rarely provide impact estimates, such as the expected physical damage, human consequences, disruption of services or financial loss. Extending hazard forecast systems to include impact estimates promises many benefits for the emergency phase, for instance, for organising evacuations. We review and compare the state‐of‐the‐art of impact forcasting across a wide range of natural hazards, and outline opportunities and key challenges for research and development of impact forecasting.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100 (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model-data fusion product covering 10 global surface OA indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational ocean carbon data products. The indicators include fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. The evolution of these OA indicators is presented on a global surface ocean 1° × 1° grid as decadal averages every 10 years from preindustrial conditions (1750), through historical conditions (1850–2010), and to five future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020–2100): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. These OA trajectories represent an improvement over previous OA data products with respect to data quantity, spatial and temporal coverage, diversity of the underlying data and model simulations, and the provided SSPs. The generated data product offers a state-of-the-art research and management tool for the 21st century under the combined stressors of global climate change and ocean acidification. The gridded data product is available in NetCDF at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html, and global maps of these indicators are available in jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html. Key Points: - This study presents the evolution of 10 ocean acidification (OA) indicators in the global surface ocean from 1750 to 2100 - By leveraging 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) and the latest observational data, it represents a significant advancement in OA projections - This inter-model comparison effort showcases the overall agreements among different ESMs in projecting surface ocean carbon variables
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Geoengineered ocean vertical water exchange can accelerate global deoxygenation (2020)
    Wiley | AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Ocean deoxygenation is a threat to marine ecosystems. We evaluated the potential of two ocean intervention technologies, i.e. “artificial downwelling (AD)” and “artificial upwelling (AU)”, for remedying the expansion of Oxygen Deficient Zones (ODZs). The model‐based assessment simulated AD and AU implementations for 80 years along the eastern Pacific ODZ. When AD was simulated by pumping surface seawater to the 178 ~ 457 m depth range of the ODZ, vertically integrated oxygen increased by up to 4.5% in the deployment region. Pumping water from 457 m depth to the surface (i.e. AU), where it can equilibrate with the atmosphere, increased the vertically integrated oxygen by 1.03%. However, both simulated AD and AU increased biological production via enhanced nutrient supply to the sea surface, resulting in enhanced export production and subsequent aerobic remineralization also outside of the actual implementation region, and an ultimate net decline of global oceanic oxygen.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Sinking of Gelatinous Zooplankton Biomass Increases Deep Carbon Transfer Efficiency Globally (2019)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 33 (12). pp. 1764-1783.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Gelatinous zooplankton (Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Urochordata, namely, Thaliacea) are ubiquitous members of plankton communities linking primary production to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean by serving as food and transferring “jelly‐carbon” (jelly‐C) upon bloom collapse. Global biomass within the upper 200 m reaches 0.038 Pg C, which, with a 2–12 months life span, serves as the lower limit for annual jelly‐C production. Using over 90,000 data points from 1934 to 2011 from the Jellyfish Database Initiative as an indication of global biomass (JeDI: http://jedi.nceas.ucsb.edu, http://www.bco‐dmo.org/dataset/526852), upper ocean jelly‐C biomass and production estimates, organism vertical migration, jelly‐C sinking rates, and water column temperature profiles from GLODAPv2, we quantitatively estimate jelly‐C transfer efficiency based on Longhurst Provinces. From the upper 200 m production estimate of 0.038 Pg C year−1, 59–72% reaches 500 m, 46–54% reaches 1,000 m, 43–48% reaches 2,000 m, 32–40% reaches 3,000 m, and 25–33% reaches 4,500 m. This translates into ~0.03, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 Pg C year−1, transferred down to 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,500 m, respectively. Jelly‐C fluxes and transfer efficiencies can occasionally exceed phytodetrital‐based sediment trap estimates in localized open ocean and continental shelves areas under large gelatinous blooms or jelly‐C mass deposition events, but this remains ephemeral and transient in nature. This transfer of fast and permanently exported carbon reaching the ocean interior via jelly‐C constitutes an important component of the global biological soft‐tissue pump, and should be addressed in ocean biogeochemical models, in particular, at the local and regional scale.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    DOI: 10.1029/2019GB006265
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  • 7
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    Isoscape Models of the Southern Ocean: Predicting Spatial and Temporal Variability in Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Compositions of Particulate Organic Matter (2021)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: Polar marine ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Warming temperatures, freshening seawater, and disruption to sea-ice formation potentially all have cascading effects on food webs. New approaches are needed to better understand spatiotemporal interactions among biogeochemical processes at the base of Southern Ocean food webs. In marine systems, isoscapes (models of the spatial variation in the stable isotopic composition) of carbon and nitrogen have proven useful in identifying spatial variation in a range of biogeochemical processes, such as nutrient utilization by phytoplankton. Isoscapes provide a baseline for interpreting stable isotope compositions of higher trophic level animals in movement, migration, and diet research. Here, we produce carbon and nitrogen isoscapes across the entire Southern Ocean (〉40°S) using surface particulate organic matter isotope data, collected over the past 50 years. We use Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation-based approaches to predict mean annual isoscapes and four seasonal isoscapes using a suite of environmental data as predictor variables. Clear spatial gradients in δ13C and δ15N values were predicted across the Southern Ocean, consistent with previous statistical and mechanistic views of isotopic variability in this region. We identify strong seasonal variability in both carbon and nitrogen isoscapes, with key implications for the use of static or annual average isoscape baselines in animal studies attempting to document seasonal migratory or foraging behaviors.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    A Seismic Tomography, Gravity, and Flexure Study of the Crust and Upper Mantle Structure of the Emperor Seamounts at Jimmu Guyot (2022)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The intraplate Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain has long been considered a hotspot track generated by the motion of the Pacific plate over a deep mantle plume, and an ideal feature therefore for studies of volcanic structure, magma supply, plume-crust interaction, flexural loading, and upper mantle rheology. Despite their importance as a major component of the chain, the Emperor Seamounts have been relatively little studied. In this paper, we present the results of an active-source wide-angle reflection and refraction experiment conducted along an ocean-bottom-seismograph (OBS) line oriented perpendicular to the seamount chain, crossing Jimmu guyot. The tomographic P wave velocity model, using ∼20,000 travel times from 26 OBSs, suggests that there is a high-velocity (〉6.0 km/s) intrusive core within the edifice, and the extrusive-to-intrusive ratio is estimated to be ∼2.5, indicating that Jimmu was built mainly by extrusive processes. The total volume for magmatic material above the top of the oceanic crust is ∼5.3 × 104 km3, and the related volume flux is ∼0.96 m3/s during the formation of Jimmu. Under volcanic loading, the ∼5.3-km-thick oceanic crust is depressed by ∼3.8 km over a broad region. Using the standard relationships between Vp and density, the velocity model is verified by gravity modeling, and plate flexure modeling indicates an effective elastic thickness (Te) of ∼14 km. Finally, we find no evidence for large-scale magmatic underplating beneath the pre-existing crust.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Emerging Influence of Enhanced Greenland Melting on Boundary Currents and Deep Convection Regimes in the Labrador and Irminger Seas (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Freshwater input from Greenland ice sheet melt has been increasing in the past decades from warming temperatures. To identify the impacts from enhanced meltwater input into the subpolar North Atlantic from 1997 to 2021, we use output from two nearly identical simulations in the eddy-rich model VIKING20X (1/20°) only differing in the freshwater input from Greenland: one with realistic interannually varying runoff increasing in the early 2000s and the other with climatologically (1961–2000) continued runoff. The majority of the additional freshwater remains within the boundary current enhancing the density gradient toward the warm and salty interior waters yielding increased current velocities. The accelerated boundary current shows a tendency to enhanced, upstream shifted eddy shedding into the Labrador Sea interior. Further, the experiments allow to attribute higher stratification and shallower mixed layers southwest of Greenland and deeper mixed layers in the Irminger Sea, particularly in 2015–2018, to the runoff increase in the early 2000s. Key Points The West Greenland Current (WGC) freshens and cools with the observed recent increase in meltwater runoff from Greenland The density gradient across the boundary current intensifies, strengthening the WGC and increasing local eddy formation Enhanced meltwater runoff contributed to an eastward shift in deep convection towards the Irminger Sea (2015–2018) Plain Language Summary Global warming has accelerated the melting of the Greenland ice sheet over the past few decades resulting in enhanced freshwater input into the North Atlantic. The additional freshwater can potentially inhibit deep water formation and have future implications on ocean circulation. To determine the influence from Greenland melt, we compare two high-resolution model experiments all with the same forcing but differing input of Greenland freshwater fluxes from 1997 to 2021. We find that in the experiment with realistically increasing Greenland meltwater, the water becomes fresher and cooler along the continental shelf and boundary of the subpolar gyre. The density difference between the shelf and interior increases with more freshwater, resulting in faster West Greenland Current speeds and enhanced eddy formation. Deeper mixed layers are found in the eastern Irminger Sea, particularly in 2015–2018. From 2009 to 2013, there were shallower mixed layers in the Labrador Sea where less Greenland meltwater was mixed downwards and spread eastward, causing mixed layers to deepen in the Irminger Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    Patterns of spatial and temporal variability of UV transparency in Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada (2009)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 114 . G00D03.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-06
    Description: Lake Tahoe is an ultra-oligotrophic subalpine lake that is renowned for its clarity. The region experiences little cloud cover and is one of the most UV transparent lakes in the world. As such, it is an ideal environment to study the role of UV radiation in aquatic ecosystems. Long-term trends in Secchi depths showed that water transparency to visible light has decreased in recent decades, but limited data are available on the UV transparency of the lake. Here we examine how ultraviolet radiation varies relative to longer-wavelength photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm, visible wavelengths) horizontally along inshore-offshore transects in the lake and vertically within the water column as well as temporally throughout 2007. UV transparency was more variable than PAR transparency horizontally across the lake and throughout the year. Seasonal patterns of Secchi transparency differed from both UV and PAR, indicating that different substances may be responsible for controlling transparency to UV, PAR, and Secchi. In surface waters, UVA (380 nm) often attenuated more slowly than PAR, a pattern visible in only exceptionally transparent waters with very low dissolved organic carbon. On many sampling dates, UV transparency decreased progressively with depth suggesting surface photobleaching, reductions in particulate matter, increasing chlorophyll a, or some combination of these increased during summer months. Combining these patterns of UV transparency with data on visible light provides a more comprehensive understanding of ecosystem structure, function, and effects of environmental change in highly transparent alpine and subalpine lakes such as Tahoe.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2008JG000816
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