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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The use of assimilation tools for satellite validation requires true estimates of the accuracy of the reference data. Since its inception, the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) has provided systematic lidar measurements of ozone and temperature at several places around the world that are well adapted for satellite validations. Regular exercises have been organised to ensure the data quality at each individual site. These exercises can be separated into three categories: large scale intercomparisons using multiple instruments, including a mobile lidar; using satellite observations as a geographic transfer standards to compare measurements at different sites; and comparative investigations of the analysis software. NDSC is a research network, so each system has its own history, design, and analysis, and has participated differently in validation campaigns. There are still some technological differences that may explain different accuracies. However, the comparison campaigns performed over the last decade have always proved to be very helpful in improving the measurements. To date, more efforts have been devoted to characterising ozone measurements than to temperature observations. The synthesis of the published works shows that the network can potentially be considered as homogeneous within +/-2% between 20-35 km for ozone and +/-1 K between 35-60 km for temperature. Outside this altitude range, larger biases are reported and more efforts are required. In the lower stratosphere, Raman channels seem to improve comparisons but such capabilities were not systematically compared. At the top of the profiles, more investigations on analysis methodologies are still probably needed. SAGE II and GOMOS appear to be excellent tools for future ozone lidar validations but need to be better coordinated and take more advantage of assimilation tools. Also, temperature validations face major difficulties caused by atmospheric tides and therefore require intercomparisons with the mobile systems, at all sites.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This publication is a result of the 13th TRACE conference (Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology) organized by the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of St Andrews on May 6th – 10th, 2014 in Aviemore, Scotland, UK. [...]After review, 18 short papers are published in this volume, giving an overview of the wide spectrum of different fields covered at TRACE.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 3
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 4
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 5
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Late Miocene to Quaternary volcanic rocks from the frontal arc to the back-arc region of the Central Volcanic Zone in the Andes show a wide range of delta 11B values (+4 to -7 ‰) and boron concentrations (6 to 60 ppm). Positive delta 11B values of samples from the volcanic front indicate involvement of a 11B-enriched slab component, most likely derived from altered oceanic crust, despite the thick Andean continental lithosphere, and rule out a pure crust-mantle origin for these lavas. The delta 11B values and B concentrations in the lavas decrease systematically with increasing depth of the Wadati-Benioff Zone. This across-arc variation in delta 11B values and decreasing B/Nb ratios from the arc to the back-arc samples are attributed to the combined effects of B-isotope fractionation during progressive dehydration in the slab and a steady decrease in slab-fluid flux towards the back arc, coupled with a relatively constant degree of crustal contamination as indicated by similar Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios in all samples. Modelling of fluid-mineral B-isotope fractionation as a function of temperature fits the across-arc variation in delta 11B and we conclude that the B-isotope composition of arc volcanics is dominated by changing delta 11B composition of B-rich slab-fluids during progressive dehydration. Crustal contamination becomes more important towards the back-arc due to the decrease in slab-derived fluid flux. Because of this isotope fractionation effect, high delta 11B signatures in volcanic arcs need not necessarily reflect differences in the initial composition of the subducting slab. Three-component mixing calculations for slab-derived fluid, the mantle wedge and the continental crust based on B, Sr and Nd isotope data indicate that the slab-fluid component dominates the B composition of the fertile mantle and that the primary arc magmas were contaminated by an average addition of 15 to 30 % crustal material.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 6
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-08-07
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 8
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Rohstoffe in der Tiefsee
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Description: Nahezu alle metallischen Rohstoffe, die die Menschheit gegenwärtig benötigt, werden an Land gewonnen. Mit jedem Anstieg der Rohstoffpreise und der zunehmenden Nachfrage einer wachsenden Weltbevölkerung nach neuen Technologien, könnte es attraktiver werden, auch im Meer nach metallischen Rohstoffen zu suchen. Und der Bedarf für den Ausbau der E-Mobilität, die Energiewende und für die zunehmende Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche erhöht sich weiter. Die Europäische Union sieht mittlerweile die Versorgung mit 27 strategisch wichtigen Rohstoffen (2017) kritisch. Hierunter fallen beispielsweise Antimon, Germanium oder Kobalt. Die Folgen einer Rohstoffknappheit würden die deutsche Industrie besonders treffen, denn sie ist bei metallischen Rohstoffen nahezu komplett importabhängig. Stellen die Ozeane vor diesem Hintergrund eine attraktive Alternative für die Rohstoffbeschaffung dar? Dieser Frage wollen wir in unserem neuen ESKP-Themenspezial nachgehen. Die Erkundungen nach metallischen Rohstoffen in der Tiefsee sind voll im Gange: im Indischen Ozean, im Pazifik, auf alten Seerücken oder den Flanken submariner Vulkane. Insbesondere Kupfer, Kobalt und Nickel kommen in der Tiefsee in Mengen vor, die mit denen an Land vergleichbar sind. Der Run auf die Erkundungslizenzen hat bereits begonnen und die Unterwasserwelt wird nach und nach aufgeteilt, um den Tiefseebergbau voranzutreiben. So haben sich die Anträge bei der Internationalen Meeresbodenbehörde in den letzten fünf Jahren verdreifacht. Doch ist aus Umweltgesichtspunkten der Abbau metallischer Rohstoffe im Meer überhaupt vertretbar? Welche Auswirkungen auf die marinen Ökosysteme hätten riesige Trübungswolken am Meeresgrund? Wie ausgereift sind die Technologien für den Meeresbodenbergbau? Wie könnte ein zuverlässiges Umweltmonitoring in der Tiefsee aussehen? Wäre es besser nach Einsparmöglichkeiten an Land zu suchen und Alternativen zu erforschen? Viele durchaus strittige Fragen, die wir aus Sicht der Forschung beleuchten wollen.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 9
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 10
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German , English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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