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  • GEOMAR Catalogue / E-Books  (2)
  • Journals
  • OceanRep  (431)
  • OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed  (430)
  • GEOMAR CATALOGUE  (2)
  • OceanRep: Article in newspapers or magazines  (1)
  • OceanRep: Poster
  • 2020-2024  (433)
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  • GEOMAR Catalogue / E-Books  (2)
  • Journals
  • OceanRep  (431)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining’s likely impacts is necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations comply with the International Seabed Authority’s obligations to prevent ‘serious harm’ and ensure the ‘effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects’ in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. A synthesis of the peer-reviewed literature and consultations with deep-seabed mining stakeholders revealed that, despite an increase in deep-sea research, there are few categories of publicly available scientific knowledge comprehensive enough to enable evidence-based decision-making regarding environmental management, including whether to proceed with mining in regions where exploration contracts have been granted by the International Seabed Authority. Further information on deep-sea environmental baselines and mining impacts is critical for this emerging industry. Closing the scientific gaps related to deep-seabed mining is a monumental task that is essential to fulfilling the overarching obligation to prevent serious harm and ensure effective protection, and will require clear direction, substantial resources, and robust coordination and collaboration. Based on the information gathered, we propose a potential high-level road map of activities that could stimulate a much-needed discussion on the steps that should be taken to close key scientific gaps before any exploitation is considered. These steps include the definition of environmental goals and objectives, the establishment of an international research agenda to generate new deep-sea environmental, biological, and ecological information, and the synthesis of data that already exist.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Food webs are central entities mediating processes and external pressures in marine ecosystems. They are essential to understand and predict ecosystem dynamics and provision of ecosystem services. Paradoxically, utilization of food web knowledge in marine environmental conservation and resource management is limited. To better understand the use of knowledge and barriers to incorporation in management, we assess its application related to the management of eutrophication, chemical contamination, fish stocks, and non-indigenous species. We focus on the Baltic, a severely impacted, but also intensely studied and actively managed semi-enclosed sea. Our assessment shows food web processes playing a central role in all four areas, but application varies strongly, from formalized integration in management decisions, to support in selecting indicators and setting threshold values, to informal knowledge explaining ecosystem dynamics and management performance. Barriers for integration are complexity of involved ecological processes and that management frameworks are not designed to handle such information. We provide a categorization of the multi-faceted uses of food web knowledge and benefits of future incorporation in management, especially moving towards ecosystem-based approaches as guiding principle in present marine policies and directives. We close with perspectives on research needs to support this move considering global and regional change.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford, UK : Elsevier/Academic Press
    Keywords: Soils Encyclopedias Environmental aspects ; Soils Encyclopedias ; Soil science Encyclopedias ; Soil management Encyclopedias ; Crops and soils Encyclopedias ; Sols - Aspect de l'environnement - Encyclopédies ; Sols - Encyclopédies ; Pédologie - Encyclopédies ; Sols - Aménagement - Encyclopédies ; Cultures et sols - Encyclopédies ; Crops and soils ; Soil management ; Soil science ; Soils ; Soils - Environmental aspects ; Ecologia do solo ; Écologie du sol ; Pédologie ; Sol ; encyclopedias ; Encyclopedias ; Encyclopedias ; Encyclopédie (Descripteur de forme) ; Encyclopédies ; Encyclopedia
    Description / Table of Contents: More than ever before, a compelling need exists for an encyclopedic resource about soil the rich mix of mineral particles, organic matter, gases, and soluble compounds that foster both plant and animal growth. Civilization depends more on the soil as human populations continue to grow and increasing demands are placed upon available resources. The Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment is a comprehensive and integrated consideration of a topic of vital importance to human societies in the past, present, and future. This important work encompasses the present knowledge of the world's variegated soils, their origins, properties, classification, and roles in the biosphere. A team of outstanding, international contributors has written over 250 entries that cover a broad range of issues facing today's soil scientists, ecologists, and environmental scientists. This four-volume set features thorough articles that survey specific aspects of soil biology, ecology, chemistry and physics. Rounding out the encyclopedia's excellent coverage, contributions cover cross-disciplinary subjects, such as the history of soil utilization for agricultural and engineering purposes and soils in relation to the remediation of pollution and the mitigation of global climate change. This comprehensive, yet accessible source is a valuable addition to the library of scientists, researchers, students, and policy makers involved in soil science, ecology, and environmental science. Also available online via ScienceDirect featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. * A distinguished international group of editors and contributors * Well-organized encyclopedic format providing concise, readable entries, easy searches, and thorough cross-references * Abundant visual resources -- photographs, figures, tables, and graphs -- in every entry * Complete up-to-date coverage of many important topics -- essential information for scientists, students and professionals alike
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Bände) , Illustrationen, Karten
    Edition: 2nd ed
    ISBN: 9780323951333
    DDC: 631.403
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Key Topics include -- Soil Genesis -- Soil Chemistry and Mineralogy -- Soil Physics -- Hydrology -- Soil Biology -- Soil Ecology. , v. 1. A-Fa -- v. 2. Fe-M -- v. 3. N-Spa -- V. 4. Spa-Z. Index.
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  • 4
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Environmental management. ; Environmental policy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Forum Lectures and Special Lecture: On the prediction of landslides and their consequences -- Design recommendations for single and dual rigid debris flow barriers with and without basal clearance -- The rockfall failure hazard assessment: summary and new advances -- Progress and lessons learned from responses to landslide disasters -- Behind-the-scenes in mitigation of landslides and other geohazards in low income countries - in memory of Hiroshi Fukuoka -- The impact of climate change on landslide hazard and risk -- Sendai Landslide Partnerships, Kyoto Landslide Commitment, and International programme on Landslides: Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk -- International Consortium on Landslides -- The ICL journal Landslides - 16 years of capacity development for landslide risk reduction -- UNESCO/KU/ICL UNITWIN Cooperation Programme-Members and recent activities -- International Programme on Landslides (IPL) -- SATREPS project for Sri Lanka with regard to “Development of early warning technology of Rain-induced Rapid and Long-travelling Landslides” -- Central Asia – rockslides' and rock avalanches' treasury and workbook -- Results of recent monitoring activities on landslide Umka, Belgrade, Serbia - IPL 181 -- Landslides in Weathered Flysch: From Activation to Deposition (WCoE 2017-2020) -- Report of the Croatian WCoE 2017-2020: From landslide mapping to risk assessment -- LARAM School: an ongoing experience -- Advanced technologies for Landslides (WCoE 2017-2020) -- Extreme rainfall event and its aftermath analysis - IPL 210 project progress report -- Complex geomorphological and engineering geological research of landslides with adverse societal impacts -- Report of the IPL-219, IPL-220 and Croatian WCoE 2017-2020: From landslide investigation to landslide prediction and stabilization -- Landslide-induced Tsunamis: Simulation of Tsunami waves induced by coastal and submarine landslides in Japan -- On the use of statistical analysis to understand submarine landslide processes and assess their hazard -- The continuing underestimated tsunami hazard from submarine landslides -- December 11, 2018 landslide and 90-m icy tsunami in the Bureya water reservoir -- The link between upper-slope submarine landslides and mass transport deposits in the hadal trenchs -- Tsunami from the San Andrés Landslide on El Hierro, Canary Islands: first attempt using simple scenario -- A sedimentological study of turbidite layers on a deep–sea terrace in the Japan Trench -- Flank failure of the volcanic Turtle Island and the submarine landslide in the southernmost Okinawa Trough -- Numerical simulation for tsunami generation due to a landslide -- Dealing with mass flow-induced tsunamis at Stromboli volcano: monitoring strategies through multi-platform remote sensing -- Detailed seafloor observation on a deep-sea terrace along the Japan Trench after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake -- Landslides at UNESCO designates sites and contribution from WMO, FAO, IRDR -- Landslides at UNESCO-designated sites -- Traditional knowledge and local expertise in landslide risk mitigation of world heritages sites -- Reconstruction of the slope instability conditions before the 2016 failure in an urbanized district of Florence (Italy), a UNESCO World Heritage Site -- Integrating Kinematic analysis and Infrared Thermography for instability processes assessment in the rupestrian monastery complex of David Gareja (Georgia) -- Shallow landslide susceptibility assessment in the High City of Antananarivo (Madagascar) -- Thermo-mechanical cliff stability at tomb KV42 in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt -- Collaboration in MHEWS through an Integrated Way: The Great Efforts Contributed by Multi-stakeholder Partnership at National, Regional and International Levels -- Resilient Watershed Management: Landscape Approach to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction -- Integrating DRR into the conservation and management mechanisms of the internationally designated sites – view of IRDR -- Landslide hazard and risk assessment for civil protection early response -- Size matters: the impact of small, medium and large landslide disasters -- Practices of Public Participation Early Warning System for Geological Hazards in China -- Education and Capacity Development for Risk Management and Risk Governance -- Early warning systems in Italy: state-of-the-art and future trends -- Community-based landslide risk management in contrasting social environments, cases from the Czech Republic -- Refinement Progresses on Freeway Slope Maintenance after a Huge Landslide Disaster -- Landslide exposure community-based mapping: a first encounter in a small rural locality of Mexico -- Co-producing data and decision support tools to reduce landslide risk in the humid tropics -- ICT-based landslide disaster simulation drill: Road to achieve 2030 global commitment -- A Preliminary Work of Safety Potential Analysis Model for Anchors Used on Freeway Slopes -- Initial Experiences of Community Involvement in an Early Warning System in Informal Settlements in Medellín, Colombia -- Capacity Building and Community Preparedness towards Landslide Disaster in Pagerharjo Village, Kulon Progo Regency of Yogyakarta, Indonesia -- Protection of a cultural heritage site in Croatia from rockfall occurrences -- Cutting-edge technologies aiming for better outcomes of landslide disaster mitigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXV, 641 p. 527 illus., 483 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030601966
    Series Statement: ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Reconstructions of global hydroclimate during the Common Era (CE; the past ∼2000 years) are important for providing context for current and future global environmental change. Stable isotope ratios in water are quantitative indicators of hydroclimate on regional to global scales, and these signals are encoded in a wide range of natural geologic archives. Here we present the Iso2k database, a global compilation of previously published datasets from a variety of natural archives that record the stable oxygen (δ18O) or hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic compositions of environmental waters, which reflect hydroclimate changes over the CE. The Iso2k database contains 759 isotope records from the terrestrial and marine realms, including glacier and ground ice (210); speleothems (68); corals, sclerosponges, and mollusks (143); wood (81); lake sediments and other terrestrial sediments (e.g., loess) (158); and marine sediments (99). Individual datasets have temporal resolutions ranging from sub-annual to centennial and include chronological data where available. A fundamental feature of the database is its comprehensive metadata, which will assist both experts and nonexperts in the interpretation of each record and in data synthesis. Key metadata fields have standardized vocabularies to facilitate comparisons across diverse archives and with climate-model-simulated fields. This is the first global-scale collection of water isotope proxy records from multiple types of geological and biological archives. It is suitable for evaluating hydroclimate processes through time and space using large-scale synthesis, model–data intercomparison and (paleo)data assimilation. The Iso2k database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.25921/57j8-vs18 (Konecky and McKay, 2020) and is also accessible via the NOAA/WDS Paleo Data landing page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29593 (last access: 30 July 2020).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Highlights • Subaqueous spreading occurs on gently inclined surfaces (〈3°). • Gliding planes could be clays or sandy materials undergoing loss of strength. • It is documented on some of the largest marine landslides. • SubSpread Database includes 32 case studies. • Contourite and glaciogenic deposits represent often the slipping surfaces. Abstract Subaqueous spreading, a type of extensional mass transport that is characterized by a ridge and trough morphology, has been documented globally but is poorly understood. Subaqueous spreading is observed on gently inclined surfaces (typically 〈3°) when sediment bodies experience a sudden reduction of shear strength along their basal plane during clay softening or liquefaction of sands or silty sand sediment. Historically, spreading has been associated with very large landslides, but many unknown aspects of these mass movements have yet to be clarified. Does spreading influences the large catastrophic failure? What are the sedimentological and morphological aspects that contribute in initiating this process? These are some of the research questions that spurred the present work. Here, we introduce a database that incorporates information from thirty-two case studies, and use this to provide key insights into the sedimentary and morphological aspects of subaqueous spreading that will assist in the identification of spreading elsewhere. We find that subaqueous spreading is most common along passive glacial margins, but is also observed along active margins. The occurrence of contourites interlayered with glaciogenic deposits is, in most cases, associated with landslides (or landslide complexes) with spreading morphology. The database shows that seismic loading is commonly suggested to be the dominant trigger mechanism, although more geotechnical observations and modelling analysis would be needed to support this conclusion. We compare subaqueous spreading with terrestrial spreading, in particular to earthquake-related lateral spreading and clay landslides. We find that subaqueous spreading shares the same driving processes and potentially also some of the trigger mechanisms that are associated with the terrestrial spreading cases. Future work will be required to address the association between spreading and its occurrence on some of the largest landslides on Earth, its development mechanism, and its potential hazard implications.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: In this paper, we outline the need for a coordinated international effort toward the building of an open-access Global Ocean Oxygen Database and ATlas (GO2DAT) complying with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). GO2DAT will combine data from the coastal and open ocean, as measured by the chemical Winkler titration method or by sensors (e.g., optodes, electrodes) from Eulerian and Lagrangian platforms (e.g., ships, moorings, profiling floats, gliders, ships of opportunities, marine mammals, cabled observatories). GO2DAT will further adopt a community-agreed, fully documented metadata format and a consistent quality control (QC) procedure and quality flagging (QF) system. GO2DAT will serve to support the development of advanced data analysis and biogeochemical models for improving our mapping, understanding and forecasting capabilities for ocean O2 changes and deoxygenation trends. It will offer the opportunity to develop quality-controlled data synthesis products with unprecedented spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal (sub-seasonal to multi-decadal) resolution. These products will support model assessment, improvement and evaluation as well as the development of climate and ocean health indicators. They will further support the decision-making processes associated with the emerging blue economy, the conservation of marine resources and their associated ecosystem services and the development of management tools required by a diverse community of users (e.g., environmental agencies, aquaculture, and fishing sectors). A better knowledge base of the spatial and temporal variations of marine O2 will improve our understanding of the ocean O2 budget, and allow better quantification of the Earth’s carbon and heat budgets. With the ever-increasing need to protect and sustainably manage ocean services, GO2DAT will allow scientists to fully harness the increasing volumes of O2 data already delivered by the expanding global ocean observing system and enable smooth incorporation of much higher quantities of data from autonomous platforms in the open ocean and coastal areas into comprehensive data products in the years to come. This paper aims at engaging the community (e.g., scientists, data managers, policy makers, service users) toward the development of GO2DAT within the framework of the UN Global Ocean Oxygen Decade (GOOD) program recently endorsed by IOC-UNESCO. A roadmap toward GO2DAT is proposed highlighting the efforts needed (e.g., in terms of human resources).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Marine coastal zones are highly productive, and dominated by engineer species (e.g. macrophytes, molluscs, corals) that modify the chemistry of their surrounding seawater via their metabolism, causing substantial fluctuations in oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, and nutrients. The magnitude of these biologically driven chemical fluctuations is regulated by hydrodynamics, can exceed values predicted for the future open ocean, and creates chemical patchiness in subtidal areas at various spatial (µm to meters) and temporal (minutes to months) scales. Although the role of hydrodynamics is well explored for planktonic communities, its influence as a crucial driver of benthic organism and community functioning is poorly addressed, particularly in the context of ocean global change. Hydrodynamics can directly modulate organismal physiological activity or indirectly influence an organism's performance by modifying its habitat. This review addresses recent developments in (i) the influence of hydrodynamics on the biological activity of engineer species, (ii) the description of chemical habitats resulting from the interaction between hydrodynamics and biological activity, (iii) the role of these chemical habitat as refugia against ocean acidification and deoxygenation, and (iv) how species living in such chemical habitats may respond to ocean global change. Recommendations are provided to integrate the effect of hydrodynamics and environmental fluctuations in future research, to better predict the responses of coastal benthic ecosystems to ongoing ocean global change.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Biomolecular ocean observing and research is a rapidly evolving field that uses omics approaches to describe biodiversity at its foundational level, giving insight into the structure and function of marine ecosystems over time and space. It is an especially effective approach for investigating the marine microbiome. To mature marine microbiome research and operations within a global ocean biomolecular observing network (OBON) for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and beyond, research groups will need a system to effectively share, discover, and compare “omic” practices and protocols. While numerous informatic tools and standards exist, there is currently no global, publicly-supported platform specifically designed for sharing marine omics [or any omics] protocols across the entire value-chain from initiating a study to the publication and use of its results. Toward that goal, we propose the development of the Minimum Information for an Omic Protocol (MIOP), a community-developed guide of curated, standardized metadata tags and categories that will orient protocols in the value-chain for the facilitated, structured, and user-driven discovery of suitable protocol suites on the Ocean Best Practices System. Users can annotate their protocols with these tags, or use them as search criteria to find appropriate protocols. Implementing such a curated repository is an essential step toward establishing best practices. Sharing protocols and encouraging comparisons through this repository will be the first steps toward designing a decision tree to guide users to community endorsed best practices.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Zooplankton plays a major role in ocean food webs and biogeochemical cycles, and provides major ecosystem services as a main driver of the biological carbon pump and in sustaining fish communities. Zooplankton is also sensitive to its environment and reacts to its changes. To better understand the importance of zooplankton, and to inform prognostic models that try to represent them, spatially-resolved biomass estimates of key plankton taxa are desirable. In this study we predict, for the first time, the global biomass distribution of 19 zooplankton taxa (1-50 mm Equivalent Spherical Diameter) using observations with the Underwater Vision Profiler 5, a quantitative in situ imaging instrument. After classification of 466,872 organisms from more than 3,549 profiles (0-500 m) obtained between 2008 and 2019 throughout the globe, we estimated their individual biovolumes and converted them to biomass using taxa-specific conversion factors. We then associated these biomass estimates with climatologies of environmental variables (temperature, salinity, oxygen, etc.), to build habitat models using boosted regression trees. The results reveal maximal zooplankton biomass values around 60 degrees N and 55 degrees S as well as minimal values around the oceanic gyres. An increased zooplankton biomass is also predicted for the equator. Global integrated biomass (0-500 m) was estimated at 0.403 PgC. It was largely dominated by Copepoda (35.7%, mostly in polar regions), followed by Eumalacostraca (26.6%) Rhizaria (16.4%, mostly in the intertropical convergence zone). The machine learning approach used here is sensitive to the size of the training set and generates reliable predictions for abundant groups such as Copepoda (R2 approximate to 20-66%) but not for rare ones (Ctenophora, Cnidaria, R2 〈 5%). Still, this study offers a first protocol to estimate global, spatially resolved zooplankton biomass and community composition from in situ imaging observations of individual organisms. The underlying dataset covers a period of 10 years while approaches that rely on net samples utilized datasets gathered since the 1960s. Increased use of digital imaging approaches should enable us to obtain zooplankton biomass distribution estimates at basin to global scales in shorter time frames in the future.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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