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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE CAUSE OF DEATH FOLLOWING ABORTION. AN ANALYSIS OF 28 CONSECUTIVE CASES AT GROOTE SCHUUR HOSPITAL (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 75 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1968.tb01547.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEENAGE PREGNANCY—AN INTER-RACIAL STUDY (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 77 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The obstetrical outcome of pregnancy in primigravid patients aged 16 years or less of three racial groups, white, Cape coloured and Bantu, is compared. Each group consisted of 100 consecutive patients.The major differences found were an increased incidence of cephalo-pelvie disproportion and associated high Caesarean section rate in the Cape coloured and Bantu groups, a lower rate of engagement of the fetal head before labour in the non-white patients and a high prematurity rate in the Cape coloured group.An equally high incidence of toxaemia of pregnancy was found in all racial groups and the increased incidence of this syndrome in the young primigravid patient was confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03517.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on onset of axillary plexus block (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We examined the effect of high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the onset of brachial plexus block. Three groups of patients scheduled for surgery of the hand had a local anaesthetic block performed with 40 ml mepivacaine 1.5% using the axillary approach. After injection of the local anaesthetic transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was applied for 15 min either to the median nerve or the ulnar nerve; no stimulation was applied in the control group. Before and for 45 min after, the injection of local anaesthetic touch perception, pin prick, motor strength andskin temperature were tested by a blinded investigator in the areas supplied by the median, musculocutaneous, radial and ulnar nerves. There were no differences in the onset of block between the groups. Thus, the frequency-dependent action of local anaesthetics could not be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14956.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimum local analgesic dose of plain ropivacaine vs. ropivacaine combined with sufentanil during epidural analgesia for labour (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have used the up-and-down allocation technique to assess the relative analgesic potencies of epidural ropivacaine alone and ropivacaine combined with sufentanil 0.75 µg.ml−1 in 42 women requesting epidural analgesia in the first stage of labour. Parturients were randomly allocated to one of the two epidural solutions in a double-blind manner. The concentration of local anaesthetic was determined by the response of the previous parturient: an effective concentration (pain ≤ 10 mm on a 10-cm visual analogue pain score within 30 min) resulted in a 0.01% decrease in the concentration of ropivacaine for the next parturient, an ineffective concentration resulted in a 0.01% increase. Minimum local analgesic concentration of ropivacaine alone was 0.13% (95% CI 0.12–0.13%) compared with 0.09% (95% CI 0.08–0.1%) for ropivacaine with sufentanil (p 〈 0.00001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02050.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of caudal ropivacaine 0.2% in children (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study evaluates the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine in children after caudal epidural injection. Twenty male children undergoing inguinal hernia repair were enrolled after ethics committee approval and informed parental consent, and were grouped according to age (10 ‘infants’ aged less than 1 year and 10 ‘toddlers’ aged 1–5 years). After induction of general anaesthesia, caudal epidural injection using ropivacaine 0.2% 1 ml.kg−1 was performed. Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine in the first 2 h after injection were determined by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Caudal blockade with ropivacaine 2 mg.ml−1 resulted in mean (SD) peak plasma concentrations of 0.73 [0.27]µg.ml−1 in infants and 0.49 [0.21]µg.ml−1 in toddlers (p 〈 0.01). Maximum plasma concentrations occurred after a median [range] period of 60 [15–90] min and 52.5 [30–120] min in infants and toddlers, respectively. Two infants (weighing 3.8 and 5.0 kg) showed the highest individual maximum plasma concentrations: 1.31 and 1.11 µg.ml−1. No clinical signs of local anaesthetic toxicity were observed. The results of the present investigation suggest that, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, caudal blockade using ropivacaine 0.2% 1 ml.kg−1 can be regarded as a safe technique in children, i.e. in infants as well as in toddlers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01537.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postmortem findings after epidural anaesthesia (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Postmortem specimens of 10 patients who had received continuous epidural anaesthesia postoperatively (ranging from 2–21 days) were examined. Slight epidural haemorrhage was observed in six patients and a macroscopically visible haematoma in a thrombocytopenic patient. Nonspecific epidural inflammatory reactions were observed microscopically in all patients. Specimens from seven patients with systemic infection showed signs of epidural infection. No similar pathology was found in a control group without epidural catheters. The aetiology and risk factors of the above findings are discussed, and recommendations given to prevent such sequelae after epidural anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14775.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of a multimodal anti-emetic prophylaxis on patient satisfaction in high-risk patients for postoperative nausea and vomiting (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent and unpleasant symptoms. This prospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of a multimodal approach to prevent PONV, and patient satisfaction using the willingness-to-pay method. Two validated risk scores were applied to forecast the individual risk for PONV in 900 consecutive patients of whom 108 were identified as high-risk patients (predicted risk: 79–87%). High-risk patients received multimodal anti-emetic prophylaxis: total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol, high fractional inspired oxygen (80%), omission of nitrous oxide, dexamethasone 8 mg, haloperidol 10 µg.kg−1, and tropisetron 2 mg. Of the remaining patients with low or moderate risk for PONV, a random sample of 71 females received balanced propofol-desflurane anaesthesia without prophylactic anti-emetics. All patients were interviewed 2 and 24 h after surgery for occurrence of nausea and vomiting. Patient satisfaction was measured using the willingness-to-pay method. The incidence of PONV (95%-confidence interval) in the control-group was 41% (29–51%), slightly lower than predicted by the risk scores (53–57%). The multimodal anti-emetic approach reduced the predicted risk (79–87%) in the high risk-group to 7% (3–14%). This was associated with a high willingness-to-pay median (25th/75th percentile) of £84 (£33–184) in the multimodal anti-emetic grouped compared to £14 (£4–30) in the control group. A multimodal anti-emetic approach can considerably reduce the incidence of PONV in high-risk patients and is associated with a high patient satisfaction as measured by the willingness-to-pay method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02822.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular determinants of sunburn cell formation (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Sunburn cell (SBC) formation in the epidermis is a characteristic consequence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure at doses around or above the minimum erythema dose. SBC have been identified morphologically and biologically as keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis. There is evidence that SBC formation is a protective mechanism to eliminate cells at risk of malignant transformation. The level of DNA photodamage is a major determinant of SBC induction by a process controlled by the tumor suppressor gene p53. However, extra-nuclear events also contribute to SBC formation, such as the activation of death receptors including CD95/Fas. UVR triggers death receptors either by direct activation of these surface molecules or by inducing the release of their ligands such as CD95 ligand or tumor necrosis factor. Oxidative stress also appears to be involved, probably via mitochondrial pathways, resulting in the release of cytochrome C. Pathways which modify SBC formation are now extensively studied given the importance of apoptosis in eliminating irreparably damaged cells. A greater understanding of the mechanisms that induce and prevent UVR-induced apoptosis will contribute to our understanding of mechanisms relevant in genomic integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2001.010003155.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Role of Calcium Ions in the Regulation of Glycogenolysis in Mouse Brain Cortical Slices (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 38 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Using mouse brain cortical slices, we investigated the relative roles of cyclic AMP and of calcium ions as the intracellular messengers for the activation of glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1; α-1,4-glucan:orthophosphate glucosyltransferase) induced by noradrenaline and by depolarization. Activation of phosphorylase by 100 μM noradrenaline is mediated by β-adrenergic receptors and does not require the copresence of adenosine. The role of the concomitant small increase in cyclic AMP is questioned. Short-term treatment with EGTA or LaCl3 abolishes the noradrenaline activation of phosphorylase, pointing to a critical role of extracellular calcium. Depolarization by 25 mM K+ or 100 μM veratridine produces a rapid and large (fourfold) activation of phosphorylase. Only veratridine increases the cyclic AMP levels; exogenous adenosine deaminase essentially blocks this cyclic AMP accumulation but not the phosphorylase activation. A halfmaximal activation of phosphorylase occurs at about 12 mM K+. Addition of EGTA or LaCl3, reduces the effect of both depolarizations to a slight and transient activation of phosphorylase. These results indicate that activation of glycogen phosphorylase by K+ or veratridine occurs by a cyclic AMP-independent and calcium-dependent mechanism. The calcium dependency of brain phosphorylase kinase renders this kinase the prime target enzyme for regulation of glycogenolysis by calcium ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb07903.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of ketanserin or urapidil on haemodynamics, stress response and kidney function during operations for myocardial revascularisation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The study was performed to investigate the different effects of ketanserin and urapidil on haemodynamics, kidney function and plasma catecholamine and aldosterone levels. Forty male patients scheduled for myocardial revascularisation were assigned at random to two groups: group K received ketanserin, group U received urapidil. Anaesthesia consisted of fentanyl, flunitrazepam and pancuronium. Haemodynamic variables were evaluated at eight predefined time points of the operation. Creatinine and free-water clearance as well as plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline and aldosterone were measured in three different periods of the operation. While the groups showed no clinically relevant differences in the haemodynamic variables and the hormone plasma concentrations, the creatinine clearance in group K was slightly increased in the period after cardiopulmonary bypass. Both ketanserin and urapidil prevented hypertension even in the presence of elevated catecholamine plasma levels during and after cardiopulmonary bypass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb04606.x
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