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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WHOLE BODY AND RENAL NORADRENALINE RELEASE DURING ACUTE INFUSION OF ENDOTHELIN-1 IN CONSCIOUS SHEEP (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The present study investigated in conscious sheep the response of the sympathetic nervous system to a systemic infusion of 20 nmol/h endothelin-1 (ET-l), using a tritiated-noradrenaline (NA) tracer dilution technique.2. Mean arterial pressure increased from 79 ±3 mmHg to a maximal level of 102± 12 mmHg by 30 min of ET-1 infusion.3. Total and renal NA kinetics were measured during this time. Total NA spillover was not affected by infusion of ET-1. In contrast, renal NA spillover decreased from a control level of 81 ± 5 to 30 ± 14ng/min (P〈0.01) after 20 min and to 27 ± 7ng/min (P〈0.01) after 30 min of ET-1 infusion.4. The present findings are consistent with the proposal that a direct vasoconstrictor action of ET-1 results in a paroreflex mediated reduction in renal sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02077.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF POTASSIUM LOADING ON BONE SODIUM AND TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM IN SHEEP (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effect of potassium (K) loading for 10 days on bone sodium (Na) and total exchangeable Na in sheep was examined.2. There were no significant changes in Na space or exchangeable Na after K loading.3. Bone Na concentration decreased by approximately 20% after K loading.4. The degree of mobilization of Na from both the non-exchangeable and exchangeable pools in bone is sufficient to account to a large degree for the observed increase in extracellular fluid volume and the net negative sodium balance which is observed during K loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01018.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORTISOL AND ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR IN THE IMMATURE OVINE FETUS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In chronically cannulated ovine fetuses (100–130 days of gestation) the infusion of cortisol (86.7 ± 15 μg/h for 4 h) or human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF; 4.4 μg for 2 h) resulted in highly significant increases in the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water.2. Cortisol had no significant effect on fetal plasma ANF concentrations. All values are mean and s.e.m. Plasma immunoreactive ANF was 53 ± 5 and 67.3 ± 13 pmol/L in the 4 h saline infused fetuses, and 51.3 ± 14.3 and 74 ± 13.3 pmol/L in cortisol-infused fetuses (n= 7). A separate group of fetuses received 2 h infusions of saline or hANF (4.4 ug/h), and plasma IR-ANF values were measured (n= 3). The values, at 0, 60, 90 and 120 min were, respectively, 19.7 ± 3, 17.3 ± 0.7, 18.7 ± 3.7 and 20.7 ± 3.7 pmol/L in the saline infused group, and 25.3 ± 5.3, 80.7 ± 32.3, 123.3 ± 4.3 and 100 ± 15 pmol/L in the ANF-infused fetuses.3. Blood cortisol concentrations, in fetuses infused for 4 h with 0.9% NaCl, were 3.1 ± 0.8 nmol/L (n= 7); in fetuses infused with 0.9% NaCl for 2 h were 3.6 ± 1 nmol/L (n= 3); in fetuses infused for 4 h with cortisol were 19.9 ± 1.9 nmol/L (n= 7); and in fetuses infused with hANF for 2 h were 6.0 ± 3.0 nmol/L (n= 5).4. There was no effect of fetal hANF infusion on maternal or fetal blood aldosterone concentrations.5. The conclusion of this study was that cortisol and ANF cause natriuresis and diuresis in the immature ovine kidneys by independent mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01628.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF CYCLOSPORIN A IN SHEEP (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY1. Cyclosporin A (CyA; 12 mg/kg/day) was infused into six conscious sheep over 5 days to examine the haemodynamic effects of the drug in normal animals.2. Mean arterial pressure was increased from 73(1) mmHg to 90(4) mmHg (P 〈 0.001). There was no change in cardiac output but calculated total peripheral resistance was elevated from 16(1) to 21(2) mmHg min/1 (P 〈 0.001) on day 4.3. There was no change in plasma [Na], but a fall in plasma [K]. Urinary Na excretion decreased. Glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, renal blood flow, renal vascular resistance, body weight, plasma renin and blood aldosterone concentration were unchanged.4. CyA produces an increase in blood pressure in sheep associated with an increase in total peripheral resistance on days 1, 3, and 4, in the absence of changes in renal function. This suggests that CyA hypertension is not simply a consequence of nephrotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01876.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RENAL AUTOTRANSPLANTS IN SHEEP: INVESTIGATION OF RENAL FUNCTION AND RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 8 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. A novel surgical preparation of sheep with a cervical renal autotransplant has been developed.2. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were 25.1 ± 1.0 ml/min and 208 ± 10 ml/min respectively (n= 26).3. The responses to water load and deprivation, to AVP injection, to Na depletion and intravenous hypertonic saline load show the kidneys responded in an appropriate physiological manner.4. Constriction of the carotid-renal artery to reduce mean renal arterial pressure to 23 ± 4 mmHg (n= 4) resulted in an increase in systemic mean arterial pressure from 70 ± 4 mmHg to 75 ± 4 mmHg within 5 min. Systemic blood pressure further increased to 110 ± 7 mmHg with 2 h of constriction, when renal arterial pressure had increased to 45 ± 2 mmHg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1981.tb00756.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RENAL EFFECTS OF ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR (99–126) IN CONSCIOUS SODIUM-REPLETE SHEEP (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effect of renal arterial infusion of synthetic human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF(99–126)) on renal function in the conscious euvolaemic sheep was characterized. ANF (99–126) was infused for 2 h at 5 and 50 μg/h into the renal artery of crossbred Merino ewes with chronically indwelling cannulae inserted in the renal artery. The effect on absolute and fractional excretion of Na, K, Ca, Cl and HCO3, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and free water clearance (CH2O) were measured.2. Infusion at 50 μg/h produced a fourfold increase in Na and Cl excretion. Ca excretion increased eightfold, while K and HCO3 increased by small amounts. At the lower dose only Na, Cl and Ca excretion increased significantly. The changes in absolute excretion of each ion were closely mirrored by changes in fractional excretion. CH2O became more negative at both levels of infusion. Small changes in GFR were measured at both rates of infusion. No changes in ERPF or renin secretion were observed.3. ANF (99–126) infusion at 50 μg/h for 1 h increased the excretion of Li, such that more than 70% of the change in Na excretion was associated with the changes in Li clearance. Changes in GFR accounted for less than 10% of change in Na excretion.4. Following either long-term (50 μg/h for 6 h) or repeated short-term (20 μg/h for 30 min) infusions of ANF (99–126), the response of Na excretion was not sustained. The mechanisms of the tachyphylaxis remains undetermined.5. ANF (99–126) is a powerful stimulus to the absolute and fractional excretion of Na, K, Ca, Cl and HCO3. The mechanism of action is not known, but appears to be related to changes in tubular function and/or a change in glomerulotubular balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01113.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICAL STEROIDS AND THEIR STRUCTURAL ANALOGUES ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN SHEEP (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 8 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. A model of adrenocortical steroid-induced hypertension based on the effects of ACTH administration has been developed in sheep. The present studies examine the effects of a number of different steroid hormones on blood pressure to investigate their structure-activity relationships.2. Infusion of the major ovine adrenal steroid hormones (combined steroid infusion of Cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone) reproduced the metabolic but not the blood pressure effects of ACTH.3. Addition of 17α, 20α-dihydroxyprogesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogester-one, at rates appropriate for conditions of ACTH stimulation, to the combined steroid infusion reproduced both the blood pressure and metabolic effects of ACTH.4. 17α, 20β-Dihydroxyprogesterone, 20β-dihydroxy-11-deoxycortisol and 20β-hydroxycortisol all had additional hypertensive activity when given with combined steroid infusion, but 16α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11β, 17α-dihydroxy-progesterone, 20a-hydroxyprogesterone and 20α-hydroxyprogesterone did not.5. These studies support the concept of a new class of steroid hormone action in blood pressure regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1981.tb00132.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENHANCEMENT OF RENAL BUT NOT HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (1–28) IN SHEEP TREATED WITH ACTH (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The haemodynamic and renal effects of short-term infusion of human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (1–28) were examined in sheep treated with ACTH and compared with the responses previously observed in normotensive sheep.2. Infusion of ANP at 100 μg/h for 60 min in ACTH-treated sheep (5 μg/kg per day for 5 days) decreased blood pressure and produced a fall in both cardiac output and stroke volume. No changes were seen in heart rate and total peripheral resistance.3. ANP produced large increases in urine volume, urinary sodium and chloride excretion, and further decreased plasma potassium concentration in the ACTH-treated sheep. Compared with normal sheep studied previously under the same conditions, the ACTH-treated sheep showed a much greater diuretic and natriuretic response to ANP, although the blood pressure response to ANP was similar in both states.4. The change in renal responsiveness to ANP in sheep may be related to the increased blood volume of the ACTH-treated animals because volume expansion is known to enhance the renal effects of ANP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01040.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF POMC-DERIVED PEPTIDES ON ALDOSTERONE SECRETION IN VIVO (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. To investigate a role for peptides derived from the precursor molecule pro- opiomelanocortin (POMC) on the control of aldosterone secretion (ASR), α-, β-, γ1, and γ2-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP) or β-endorphin were infused into the adrenal arterial supply of sheep with an adrenal cervical autotransplant.2. None of the peptides had any significant effect on aldosterone secretion rate in Na replete, unstressed, conscious animals. In contrast, ACTH-stimulated ASR approximately twofold.3. POMC-derived peptides other than ACTH appear to have little or no effect on the short-term control of aldosterone secretion in vivo, although a role in control and modulation of adrenal function over the longer term cannot be discounted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01889.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSIVENESS TO ARGININE VASOPRESSIN IN WATER-LOADED AND SODIUM-DEPLETED PREGNANT AND NON-PREGNANT SHEEP (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In conscious ewes pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased heart rate and cardiac output, while mean arterial pressure (MAP) and stroke volume were unchanged.2. The present study examines the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) infused at 0.3, 1, 3.0, and 10 μg/h, into water-loaded and sodium-depleted ewes, either non-pregnant or during the last third of gestation.3. In the water-loaded state, MAP rose significantly at the lowest rate of infusion in both pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. Bradycardia occurred first at 0.3 μg/h in the pregnant ewes but not until 3.0 μg/h in the non-pregnant animals.4. In sodium deficiency there was no increase in MAP at any rate of infusion in either group. Bradycardia occurred in both groups at 1 μg/h.5. This study shows that the pressor effects of AVP are unchanged by pregnancy. However, pregnant ewes are more sensitive to AVP-induced bradycardia when the ewes are water-loaded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00977.x
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