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Digitale Medien

Die Elementar-Analyse in der Berthelotschen Bombe (1897)

Kroeker, K.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 30 (1897), S. 605-607

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ISSN: 0365-9496

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.189703001118

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Taking action against ocean acidification: A review of management and policy options (2013)

Billé, R. ; Kelly, R. ; Biastoch, Arne ; [weitere]

Springer

In: Environmental Management, 52 (4). pp. 761-779.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-09-12

Beschreibung: Ocean acidification has emerged over the last two decades as one of the largest threats to marine organisms and ecosystems. However, most research efforts on ocean acidification have so far neglected management and related policy issues to focus instead on understanding its ecological and biogeochemical implications. This shortfall is addressed here with a systematic, international and critical review of management and policy options. In particular, we investigate the assumption that fighting acidification is mainly, but not only, about reducing CO2 emissions, and explore the leeway that this emerging problem may open in old environmental issues. We review nine types of management responses, initially grouped under four categories: preventing ocean acidification; strengthening ecosystem resilience; adapting human activities; and repairing damages. Connecting and comparing options leads to classifying them, in a qualitative way, according to their potential and feasibility. While reducing CO2 emissions is confirmed as the key action that must be taken against acidification, some of the other options appear to have the potential to buy time, e.g. by relieving the pressure of other stressors, and help marine life face unavoidable acidification. Although the existing legal basis to take action shows few gaps, policy challenges are significant: tackling them will mean succeeding in various areas of environmental management where we failed to a large extent so far.

Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article

Format: text

DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0132-7

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Model-based methods for case definitions from administrative health data: application to rheumatoid arthritis (2017)

Kroeker, K., Widdifield, J., Muthukumarana, S., Jiang, D., Lix, L. M.

BMJ Publishing

In: BMJ Open

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-24

Beschreibung: Objective This research proposes a model-based method to facilitate the selection of disease case definitions from validation studies for administrative health data. The method is demonstrated for a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) validation study. Study design and setting Data were from 148 definitions to ascertain cases of RA in hospital, physician and prescription medication administrative data. We considered: (A) separate univariate models for sensitivity and specificity, (B) univariate model for Youden’s summary index and (C) bivariate (ie, joint) mixed-effects model for sensitivity and specificity. Model covariates included the number of diagnoses in physician, hospital and emergency department records, physician diagnosis observation time, duration of time between physician diagnoses and number of RA-related prescription medication records. Results The most common case definition attributes were: 1+ hospital diagnosis (65%), 2+ physician diagnoses (43%), 1+ specialist physician diagnosis (51%) and 2+ years of physician diagnosis observation time (27%). Statistically significant improvements in sensitivity and/or specificity for separate univariate models were associated with (all p values 〈0.01): 2+ and 3+ physician diagnoses, unlimited physician diagnosis observation time, 1+ specialist physician diagnosis and 1+ RA-related prescription medication records (65+ years only). The bivariate model produced similar results. Youden’s index was associated with these same case definition criteria, except for the length of the physician diagnosis observation time. Conclusion A model-based method provides valuable empirical evidence to aid in selecting a definition(s) for ascertaining diagnosed disease cases from administrative health data. The choice between univariate and bivariate models depends on the goals of the validation study and number of case definitions.

Schlagwort(e): Open access, Research methods

Digitale ISSN: 2044-6055

Thema: Medizin

Publiziert von BMJ Publishing

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Ocean acidification and ecosystem simplification [Ecology] (2013)

Kroeker, K. J., Gambi, M. C., Micheli, F.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publikationsdatum: 2013-07-31

Beschreibung: Disturbances are natural features of ecosystems that promote variability in the community and ultimately maintain diversity. Although it is recognized that global change will affect environmental disturbance regimes, our understanding of the community dynamics governing ecosystem recovery and the maintenance of functional diversity in future scenarios is very limited. Here,...

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490

Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von National Academy of Sciences

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Divergent ecosystem responses within a benthic marine community to ocean acidification [Ecology] (2011)

Kroeker, K. J., Micheli, F., Gambi, M. C., Martz, T. R.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-31

Beschreibung: Ocean acidification is predicted to impact all areas of the oceans and affect a diversity of marine organisms. However, the diversity of responses among species prevents clear predictions about the impact of acidification at the ecosystem level. Here, we used shallow water CO2 vents in the Mediterranean Sea as a model system to examine emergent ecosystem responses to ocean acidification in rocky reef communities. We assessed in situ benthic invertebrate communities in three distinct pH zones (ambient, low, and extreme low), which differed in both the mean and variability of seawater pH along a continuous gradient. We found fewer taxa, reduced taxonomic evenness, and lower biomass in the extreme low pH zones. However, the number of individuals did not differ among pH zones, suggesting that there is density compensation through population blooms of small acidification-tolerant taxa. Furthermore, the trophic structure of the invertebrate community shifted to fewer trophic groups and dominance by generalists in extreme low pH, suggesting that there may be a simplification of food webs with ocean acidification. Despite high variation in individual species’ responses, our findings indicate that ocean acidification decreases the diversity, biomass, and trophic complexity of benthic marine communities. These results suggest that a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function is expected under extreme acidification scenarios.

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490

Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von National Academy of Sciences

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