Note: Lasers And Current Optical Techniques In Biology -- Contents -- Part I: Lasers and Lamps -- Chapter 1 Gas state lasers -- Chapter 2 Liquid state lasers -- Chapter 3 Solid state lasers -- Chapter 4 Semiconductor lasers -- Chapter 5 Diode pumped solid state lasers -- Chapter 6 Incoherent light sources -- Chapter 7 Solid state lamps -- Chapter 8 Fibre lasers -- Chapter 9 Methods for the generation of light pulses: from nanoseconds to attoseconds -- Part II: Spectroscopic and Imaging Techniques (Non-microscopic) -- Chapter 10 Autofluorescence spectroscopy of cells and tissue as a tool for biomedical diagnosis -- Chapter 11 Reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy -- Chapter 12 Fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging (non-microscopic) -- Part III: Microscopy Techniques -- Chapter 13 Optical microscopy -- Chapter 14 Wide-field autofluorescence microscopy for imaging of living cells -- Chapter 15 Scanning probe microscopy -- Chapter 16 Confocal and multiphoton microscopy -- Part IV: Advancing Imaging Techniques and Novel Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Detection Techniques -- Chapter 17 Optical coherence tomography -- Chapter 18 Laser optoacoustic imaging -- Chapter 19 Polarized light imaging of tissues -- Chapter 20 Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection at surfaces: instrument development, surface chemistry, and applications in life science and medicine -- Subject Index.

Note: MATERIALS SCIENCE Raman Scattering in Materials Science -- Springer Series in MATERIALS SCIENCE 42 -- Raman Scattering in Materials Science -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 Overview of Phonon Raman Scattering in Solids -- I The Effect of a Surface Space-Charge Electric Field on Raman Scattering by Optical Phonons -- 2 Raman Instrumentation -- 3 Characterization of Bulk Semiconductors Using Raman Spectroscopy -- II Finding the Stress from the Raman Shifts: A Case Study -- III Brillouin Scattering from Semiconductors -- 4 Raman Scattering in Semiconductor Heterostructures -- IV Raman Scattering Enhancement by Optical Confinement Semiconductor Planar Microcavities -- 5 Raman Scattering in High- Tc Superconductors: Phonons, Electrons, and Magnons -- V Thoughts About Raman Scattering from Superconductors -- VI Two-Magnon Inelastic Light Scattering -- 6 Raman Applications in Catalysts for Exhaust-Gas Treatment -- VII Historical Perspective of Raman Spectroscopy in Catalysis -- 7 Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Analyses of III-V Nitride-Based Materials -- 8 Raman Scattering in Fullerenes and Related Carbon-Based Materials -- VIII A Case History in Raman and Brillouin Scattering: Lattice Vibrations and Electronic Excitations in Diamond -- 9 Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Polymer Structure -- IX C.V. Raman: A Personal Note -- 10 Raman Scattering in Perovskite Manganites -- X Raman Scattering from Perovskite Ferroelectrics -- Index.

Note: Hemoglobin Function in Vertebrates -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Molecular Aspects of Temperature Adaptation -- Adaptations for Oxygen Transport: Lessons from Fish Hemoglobins -- Recent Evolution of the Hemoglobinless Condition of the Antarctic Icefishes -- Oxygen-Transport System and Mode of Life in Antarctic Fish -- Functional Properties of the Cathodic Hemoglobin Component from Two Species of Anguilliformes -- Oxygen Transport in Diving Vertebrates -- Oxygen Transport and Diving Behaviour: The Haemoglobin from Dolphin Tursiops truncatus -- Molecular Modelling Analysis of the Haemoglobins of the Antarctic Bird Catharacta maccormicki: the Hypothesis of a Second Phosphate Binding Site -- Transport of Oxygen during Hibernation: the Hemoglobin of Dryomys nitedula -- The Hemoglobin Polymorphism in Sardinian Goats: Nucleotide Sequence and Frequency of βA, βD, βD-Malta, and βE Globin Genes* -- The Organization of the β-Globin Gene Cluster and the Nucleotide Sequence of the β-Globin Gene of Cyprus Mouflon (Ovis gmelini ophion)* -- Subject Index.

Note: Preliminaries -- Contents -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF TABLES -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DEREGULATION AND MARKETS IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY -- 3. DECISION MAKING AND UNCERTAINTIES IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY -- 4, MODELLING ELECTRICITY PRICES -- 5. MODELING COMPETITION IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY -- 6. OPTIMIZING GENERATION AND TRADING PORTFOLIOS -- 7. RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK CONTROLLING -- 8. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT - WITH APPLICATION TO FUEL CELLS -- 9. INVESTMENT DECISIONS -- 10. FINAL REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Note: Scientific Computation -- Radiation in Enclosures -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physical Model -- 3 Some Computational Methods -- 4 Mathematical Model -- 5 Numerical Approximation -- 6 Simulations in Specific Cases -- 7 Spectral Properties of Gases -- 8 Application to Industrial Furnace -- 9 Radiation in Scattering Media -- 10 Conclusion -- Nomenclature -- References -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- A Note on the Translation -- Texts of Weber in German -- Major Texts of Weber in English -- Further Reading -- Science as a Vocation -- Politics as a Vocation -- Name Index -- Subject Index -- Back Cover.

Note: OPTICAL SCIENCES 77 -- Solid-State lasers for Materials Processing -- Copyright -- Preface -- Preface to the German Edition -- Contents -- List of Symbols -- Introduction -- Part I Theoretical Background -- 1 Fundamentals of Solid-State Lasers -- 2 Gaussian Optics -- 3 Resonators -- 4 Thermal Effects -- Part II Technical Realization -- 5 Beam Source -- 6 Gas Discharge Lamps -- 7 Excitation by Diodes -- 8 Electrical Circuits -- 9 Optics -- 10 Material Processing -- Part III Data and Specifications -- 11 Laser Materials -- 12 Laser Crystals -- 13 Laser Glasses -- 14 Material Data -- 15 Tables and Constants -- References -- Index.

Note: Electron paramagnetic resonance -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Biological Free Radicals -- 1 Introduction and Scope of Review -- 2 Metal Ions -- 2.1 Iron -- 2.2 Copper -- 2.3 Cobalt -- 2.4 Chromium -- 2.5 Other Metal Ions -- 3 Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutases -- 4 Peroxides -- 5 Ethanol -- 6 Halogenated Compounds -- 7 Thiols -- 8 Phenols and Quinones -- 9 Nitro and Nitroso Compounds -- 10 Amines and Related Species -- 11 Environmental and Atmospheric Pollutants -- 12 Oxidants Generated by Activated White Cells -- 13 Protein-derived Radicals -- 14 Nitric Oxide -- 15 Peroxynitrite -- 16 Photobiology -- 17 Ascorbyl Radical -- 17.1 Biochemical and In vivo Studies -- 17.2 Ex vivo, In vivo and Clinical Studies -- 18 Use of Nitrones as Inhibitors of Radical-mediated Biological Damage -- 18.1 Teratogenesis -- 18.2 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury -- 18.3 Xenobiotics -- 19 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury -- 19.1 Brain -- 19.2 Heart -- 19.3 Kidney -- 19.4 Liver -- 20 Assessment of Antioxidant Activity by Spin Trapping -- 21 Recent Developments in Spin Trapping Technology -- References -- Chapter 2 Recent EPR Studies on the Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Centre -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Primary Electron Donor, P -- 2.1 The Electronic Structure of P+, Part I: Hyperfine Couplings -- 2.2 The Electronic Structure of P+, Part II: g-Tensor -- 2.3 The Primary Electron Donor Triplet State -- 3 The Intermediate Electron Acceptor, ΦA -- 4 Quinone Acceptors -- 5 Radical Pairs -- 5.1 The Primary Radical Pair, P+ΦA -- 5.2 The Secondary Radical Pair, P+QA- -- 5.2.1 Radical Pair EPR Spectra -- 5.2.2 Coherence Phenomena -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3 FT-EPR and Pulsed ENDOR Studies of Encapsulated Atoms and Ions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Noble Gases inside Fullerenes -- 3 Endohedral Metallofullerenes (MF) -- 3.1 Mono-Metallofullerenes. , 3.2 Di- and Multi-Metallofullerenes -- 4 Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Fullerenes -- 5 Clusters in Fullerenes -- 6 Hydrogen in Silasesquioxane Cages -- 7 Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 EPR Imaging -- 1 Introduction -- 2 EPR Imaging Technique Development -- 2.1 PEDRI and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) -- 2.2 Longitudinal Detection -- 2.3 Pulsed EPR Imaging -- 2.4 Force Microscopy -- 2.5 Gradients -- 2.6 Instrumentation for CW Imaging -- 2.7 Spin Probes -- 2.8 Image Reconstruction -- 2.9 Multi-component Spectra -- 2.10 Frequency Dependence of EPR Sensitivity -- 3 Applications -- 3.1 Diffusion -- 3.2 In vivo -- 3.3 Radiation-induced Radicals -- 3.4 Materials Science -- 3.5 Geology -- 4 Summary -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 5 Pulsed and Time-Resolved EPR Studies of Transient Radicals, Radical Pairs and Excited States in Photochemical Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Radicals -- 2.1 The Mechanism of the Exchange Reaction in Short-lived Radical Pairs -- 2.2 Spin Polarization Mechanisms -- 2.2.1 The Spin-Orbit Coupling Mechanism or the Reversed Triplet Mechanism -- 2.2.2 The Radical Triplet Pair Mechanism -- 2.2.3 Electron Spin Polarization Transfer -- 2.2.4 The Radical Pair Mechanism -- 2.2.5 Anomalous Polarization -- 2.3 Dynamics and Reaction Mechanisms -- 3 Radical Pairs -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Time-Resolved EPR -- 3.3 Reaction Yield Detected Magnetic Resonance -- 3.3.1 Fluorescence Detected Magnetic Resonance -- 3.3.2 Transient Absorption Detected Magnetic Resonance -- 3.3.3 Photoconductivity Detected Magnetic Resonance -- 3.4 Radical Pairs in Electron Transfer Systems Involving Diad and Triad Structures -- 4 Excited States -- 4.1 Excited Triplet States -- 4.1.1 Triplets in Solution -- 4.1.2 Triplets in Novel Environments -- 4.1.3 New Experimental Methods -- 4.1.4 Triplets in the Solid State. , 4.2 Excited Multiplet States -- 4.2.1 History and Theory -- 4.2.2 The Two Dimensional Nutation Technique -- 4.2.3 Recent Progress -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 6 Progress in High Field EPR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Techniques -- 2.1 High Field Spectrometers -- 2.2 Very High Field EPR -- 2.3 Sensitivity -- 2.4 Quasi-Optics -- 2.5 Magnet Systems -- 2.6 Sources -- 2.7 Detection Systems -- 2.8 Resonator Systems -- 2.8.1 Single-Mode Resonators -- 2.8.2 Fabry-Perot Systems -- 2.8.3 Non-Resonant Bucket Systems -- 2.8.4 Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators -- 2.9 Calibration of g-Factor -- 3 Applications -- 3.1 g-Factor Resolution -- 3.1.1 Radicals in Biological Systems -- 3.1.2 ESEEM and ENDOR -- 3.1.3 Dynamics and Spin Labels -- 3.1.4 Defect and Impurity Centres -- 3.2 Multi-electron Spin Systems -- 3.2.1 Radical Pairs -- 3.2.2 High-spin Metal Complexes -- 3.2.3 Dinuclear Complexes and Clusters -- 3.2.4 High-spin Transition Metal Ions in Biology -- 3.3 Correlated Electron and Other Related Systems -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 EPR Spin-Labelling and Spin-Probe Studies of Self-assembled Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ionic Surfactants -- 2.1 Direct Micelles -- 2.1.1 Perfluorinated Surfactants -- 2.2 Reverse Micelles -- 3 Non-ionic Surfactants -- 3.1 Direct Micelles -- 3.2 Reverse Micelles -- 4 Electron Spin Echo Modulation (ESEM) Studies -- 5 Liquid Crystalline Phases -- 6 Self-Assembling Polymers -- 7 Surfactant-Polymer Interactions -- 8 Other EPR Techniques -- References -- Chapter 8 EPR and ENDOR of Metalloproteins -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Copper -- 2.1 'Blue' Copper Sites -- 2.2 Type 2 Copper Sites -- 2.3 Binuclear Sites and Multi-centred Copper Proteins -- 3 Iron -- 3.1 Non-Heme Iron Proteins -- 3.2 Heme Iron Proteins -- 3.3 Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- 4 Nickel -- 5 Molybdenum and Tungsten -- 6 Vanadium. , 7 Manganese -- 8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Author Index.