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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation wind-forcing on the Wyrtki jets : IMPACT OF IOD AND EL NINO WYRTKI JETS
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 117, No. C8 ( 2012-08), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 117, No. C8 ( 2012-08), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2012JC007918
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 12
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    New Indian Ocean Program Builds on a Scientific Legacy
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2014
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 95, No. 39 ( 2014-09-30), p. 349-350
    Details
    In: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 95, No. 39 ( 2014-09-30), p. 349-350
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0096-3941
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eost.v95.39
    DOI: 10.1002/2014EO390001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2014
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118760-5
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 13
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    Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2014
    In:  Nature Climate Change Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2014-2), p. 111-116
    Details
    In: Nature Climate Change, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2014-2), p. 111-116
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-678X , 1758-6798
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2603450-5
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  • 14
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    Ocean Preconditioning of Cyclone Nargis in the Bay of Bengal: Interaction between Rossby Waves, Surface Fresh Waters, and Sea Surface Temperatures*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2011-09-01), p. 1741-1755
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2011-09-01), p. 1741-1755
    Abstract: An in-depth data analysis was conducted to understand the occurrence of a strong sea surface temperature (SST) front in the central Bay of Bengal before the formation of Cyclone Nargis in April 2008. Nargis changed its course after encountering the front and tracked along the front until making landfall. One unique feature of this SST front was its coupling with high sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs), which is unusual for a basin where SST is normally uncorrelated with SSHA. The high SSHAs were associated with downwelling Rossby waves, and the interaction between downwelling and surface fresh waters was a key mechanism to account for the observed SST–SSHA coupling. The near-surface salinity field in the bay is characterized by strong stratification and a pronounced horizontal gradient, with low salinity in the northeast. During the passage of downwelling Rossby waves, freshening of the surface layer was observed when surface velocities were southwestward. Horizontal convergence of freshwater associated with downwelling Rossby waves increased the buoyancy of the upper layer and caused the mixed layer to shoal to within a few meters of the surface. Surface heating trapped in the thin mixed layer caused the fresh layer to warm, whereas the increase in buoyancy from low-salinity waters enhanced the high SSHA associated with Rossby waves. Thus, high SST coincided with high SSHA. The dominant role of salinity in controlling high SSHA suggests that caution should be exercised when computing hurricane heat potential in the bay from SSHA. This situation is different from most tropical oceans, where temperature has the dominant effect on SSHA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2011JPO4437.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 15
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    Seasonal Mixed Layer Heat Balance of the Southwestern Tropical Indian Ocean*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2010-02-15), p. 947-965
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2010-02-15), p. 947-965
    Abstract: Sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean exerts a significant influence on global climate through its influence on the Indian summer monsoon and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. In this study, measurements from a long-term moored buoy are used in conjunction with satellite, in situ, and atmospheric reanalysis datasets to analyze the seasonal mixed layer heat balance in the thermocline ridge region of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. This region is characterized by a shallow mean thermocline (90 m, as measured by the 20°C isotherm) and pronounced seasonal cycles of Ekman pumping and SST (seasonal ranges of −0.1 to 0.6 m day−1 and 26°–29.5°C, respectively). It is found that surface heat fluxes and horizontal heat advection contribute significantly to the seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat storage. The net surface heat flux tends to warm the mixed layer throughout the year and is strongest during boreal fall and winter, when surface shortwave radiation is highest and latent heat loss is weakest. Horizontal heat advection provides warming during boreal summer and fall, when southwestward surface currents and horizontal SST gradients are strongest, and is close to zero during the remainder of the year. Vertical turbulent mixing, estimated as a residual in the heat balance, also undergoes a significant seasonal cycle. Cooling from this term is strongest in boreal summer, when surface wind and buoyancy forcing are strongest, the thermocline ridge is shallow ( & lt;90 m), and the mixed layer is deepening. These empirical results provide a framework for addressing intraseasonal and interannual climate variations, which are dynamically linked to the seasonal cycle, in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. They also provide a quantitative basis for assessing the accuracy of numerical ocean model simulations in the region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3268.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 16
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    Indian Ocean Decadal Variability: A Review
    American Meteorological Society ; 2014
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 95, No. 11 ( 2014-11-01), p. 1679-1703
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 95, No. 11 ( 2014-11-01), p. 1679-1703
    Abstract: The international scientific community has highlighted decadal and multidecadal climate variability as a priority area for climate research. The Indian Ocean rim region is home to one-third of the world's population, mostly living in developing countries that are vulnerable to climate variability and to the increasing pressure of anthropogenic climate change. Yet, while prominent decadal and multidecadal variations occur in the Indian Ocean, they have been less studied than those in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This paper reviews existing literature on these Indian Ocean variations, including observational evidence, physical mechanisms, and climatic impacts. This paper also identifies major issues and challenges for future Indian Ocean research on decadal and multidecadal variability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00028.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 17
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    The NCEP GODAS Ocean Analysis of the Tropical Pacific Mixed Layer Heat Budget on Seasonal to Interannual Time Scales
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2010-09-15), p. 4901-4925
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2010-09-15), p. 4901-4925
    Abstract: The mixed layer heat budget in the tropical Pacific is diagnosed using pentad (5 day) averaged outputs from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS), which is operational at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The GODAS is currently used by the NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC) to monitor and to understand El Niño and La Niña in near real time. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of using an operational ocean data assimilation system to understand SST variability. The climatological mean and seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat budgets derived from GODAS agree reasonably well with previous observational and model-based estimates. However, significant differences and biases were noticed. Large biases were found in GODAS zonal and meridional currents, which contributed to biases in the annual cycle of zonal and meridional advective heat fluxes. The warming due to tropical instability waves in boreal fall is severely underestimated owing to use of a 4-week data assimilation window. On interannual time scales, the GODAS heat budget closure is good for weak-to-moderate El Niños. A composite for weak-to-moderate El Niños suggests that zonal and meridional temperature advection and vertical entrainment/diffusion all contributed to the onset of the event and that zonal advection played the dominant role during decay of the event and the transition to La Niña. The net surface heat flux acts as a damping during the development stage, but plays a critical role in the decay of El Niño and the transition to the following La Niña. The GODAS heat budget closure is generally poor for strong La Niñas. Despite the biases, the GODAS heat budget analysis tool is useful in monitoring and understanding the physical processes controlling SST variability associated with ENSO. Therefore, it has been implemented operationally at CPC in support of NOAA’s ENSO forecasting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 18
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    On the Inconsistent Relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 25, No. 12 ( 2012-06-15), p. 4294-4303
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 12 ( 2012-06-15), p. 4294-4303
    Abstract: The tropical Atlantic wind response to El Niño forcing is robust, with weakened northeast trade winds north of the equator and strengthened southeast trade winds along and south of the equator. However, the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific and Atlantic is inconsistent, with El Niño events followed sometimes by warm and other times by cold boreal summer anomalies in the Atlantic cold tongue region. Using observational data and a hindcast simulation of the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) global model at 0.5° resolution (NEMO-ORCA05), this inconsistent SST relationship is shown to be at least partly attributable to a delayed negative feedback in the tropical Atlantic that is active in years with a warm or neutral response in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. In these years, the boreal spring warming in the northern tropical Atlantic that is a typical response to El Niño is pronounced, setting up a strong meridional SST gradient. This leads to a negative wind stress curl anomaly to the north of the equator that generates downwelling Rossby waves. When these waves reach the western boundary, they are reflected into downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves that reach the cold tongue region in late boreal summer to counteract the initial cooling that is due to the boreal winter wind stress response to El Niño. In contrast, this initial cooling persists or is amplified in years in which the boreal spring northern tropical Atlantic warming is weak or absent either because of a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase or an early termination of the Pacific El Niño event.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 19
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    Wind stress and near‐surface shear in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2014
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2014-02-28), p. 1226-1231
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2014-02-28), p. 1226-1231
    Abstract: Near‐surface shear must be considered in parameterizations of eddy viscosity Wind stress‐dependent eddy viscosities may result in biased estimates of shear Eddy viscosity models that explicitly include the mean shear are proposed
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v41.4
    DOI: 10.1002/2013GL059149
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 20
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    Why did the 2011–2012 La Niña cause a severe drought in the Brazilian Northeast?
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2014
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 2014-02-16), p. 1012-1018
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 2014-02-16), p. 1012-1018
    Abstract: ENSO drives SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic Central and eastern Pacific events cause opposite precipitation responses A simple inter‐basin SST index can be used to predict Northeast precipitation
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v41.3
    DOI: 10.1002/2013GL058703
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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