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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional-morphological and biochemical correlations of the keratinized structures in the African Grey Parrot, Psittacus erithacus (Aves) (1986)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 106 (1986), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Keratinized structures from the African Grey Parrot (feather, down, claw, scale, rhamphotheca, soft lingual epithelium, and lingual nail) were compard by combining biochemical and functional-morphological approaches. At the molecular level, the keratinized structures of Psittacus erithacus are organized essentially like those of other avian species. Correlations were established (or verified) between the mechanical properties of the tissues and the molecular size of the keratin monomers, between the mechanical properties and the x-ray diffraction patterns of the tissues, and between the Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) patterns of the keratins and certain aspects of growth patterns of the structures. The keratin proteins of the lingual nail, described here for the first time, resemble those of the claw and rhamphotheca. Morphological, biochemical and functional differences between the lingual nail and the rest of the lingual epithelium were established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312112
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the lingual apparatus of the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, with special attention to the structure of the fasciae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 186 (1989), S. 217-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A detailed redescription of the mechanically interacting structural elements of the lingual apparatus of the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, revealed the functional and constructional role of organized connective tissue (i.e., ligaments and fasciae) as structural elements that ensure the proper biomechanical interactions among the various structures within the lingual apparatus (e.g., cartilaginous and bony skeletal elements, muscles, salivary glands, epithelial structures). Fasciae, together with extrinsic muscles, also connect the lingual apparatus to the other components of the feeding apparatus, such as the skull, jaw apparatus, and larynx. For example, the hyoid apparatus is attached to the skull by a sheath-like fascia (F. vaginalis), the internal structure of which is described here for the first time. Thus, the hyoid suspension in birds differs fundamentally from that in mammals.This study is the first to examine all biomechanically functioning structural elements that are part of the galliform lingual apparatus in a systematic and comprehensive manner. It also provides a set of novel characters that may be useful for future comparative studies in evolutionary and functional morphology.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001860302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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