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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of the shoulder musculature of the American kestrel,Falco sparverius (Aves), with implications for gliding flight (1992)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 112 (1992), S. 91-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The shoulder morphology of the American kestrel,Falco sparverius, was dissected with an emphasis on the morphological requirements for gliding flight. Kestrels are being used as a model for the study of gliding flight in a non-specialized gliding bird. The kestrel forelimb is relatively generalized in its construction, and does not appear to have any remarkable specializations for gliding. However, several structures found in specialized gliders/soarers which may contribute to gliding were also found in kestrels; these include the presence of a scapular anchor and pectoral muscle fibers inserting onto the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. This paper is the prelude to an experimental study on the gliding flight in this species and may serve as a basis for future functional or taxonomic comparisons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01673810
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gliding flight in the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius): An electromyographic study (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 215 (1993), S. 213-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Electromyographic (EMG) activity was studied in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) gliding in a windtunnel tilted to 8 degrees below the horizontal. Muscle activity was observed in Mm. biceps brachii, triceps humeralis, supracoracoideus, and pectoralis, and was absent in M. deltoideus major and M. thoracobrachialis (region of M. pectoralis). These active muscles are believed to function in holding the wing protracted and extended during gliding flight. Quantification of the EMG signals showed a lower level of activity during gliding than during flapping flight, supporting the idea that gliding is a metabolically less expensive form of locomotion than flapping flight. Comparison with the pectoralis musculature of specialized gliding and soaring birds suggests that the deep layer of the pectoralis is indeed used during gliding flight and that the slow tonic fibers found in soaring birds such as vultures represents a specialization for endurant gliding. It is hypothesized that these slow fibers should be present in the wing muscles that these birds use for wing protraction and extension, in addition to the deep layer of the pectoralis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052150304
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The morphological basis of folded-wing posture in the American Kesrel, Falco sparverius (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 232 (1992), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Gross dissection and histochemical analysis of the shoulder musculature of the American kestrel, Falco sparverius, revealed that four muscles are specialized for slow contraction and may function in the postural control of the folded wing. Mm. latissimus dorsi pars cranialis, scapulohumeralis cranialis, and brachialis were found to contain 〉 95% tonic fibers, whereas M. deltoideus minor was found to possess a relatively even mix of fast-twitch and tonic muscle fibers. M. latissimus dorsi pars cranialis, M. scapulohumeralis cranialis, and M. brachialis crosses the elbow joint on the ventral surface of the forearm. This paper suggests postural muscles have largely been ignored in studies of avian musculature, and the need to consider a variety of possible muscle functions when analyzing locomotor muscle functions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092320406
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pectoralis muscle morphology in the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus: A non-convergence with birds (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 219 (1994), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Recent studies of muscle architecture demonstrate that many mammalian muscles are composed of short, interdigitating fibers. In addition, the avian pectoralis, a muscle capable of producing high frequency oscillations has been shown to possess a serially arranged pattern of muscle endplate in all sizes of birds studied. The pectoralis muscle of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), is composed of fairly uniform fibers that span the length of the muscle and is characterized by a zone of motor endplates within the middle third of the muscle. The homogeneous fiber architecture of the bat pectoralis muscle is in contrast to the serial arrangement of endplates (and presumably muscle muscle fibers) in the avian pectoralis in species equivalent in size to Myotis. The short fiber organization and motor endplate pattern observed in most birds is thus not a requisite design for flying vertebrates. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052190306
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of the lingual apparatus of the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, with special attention to the structure of the fasciae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 186 (1989), S. 217-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A detailed redescription of the mechanically interacting structural elements of the lingual apparatus of the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, revealed the functional and constructional role of organized connective tissue (i.e., ligaments and fasciae) as structural elements that ensure the proper biomechanical interactions among the various structures within the lingual apparatus (e.g., cartilaginous and bony skeletal elements, muscles, salivary glands, epithelial structures). Fasciae, together with extrinsic muscles, also connect the lingual apparatus to the other components of the feeding apparatus, such as the skull, jaw apparatus, and larynx. For example, the hyoid apparatus is attached to the skull by a sheath-like fascia (F. vaginalis), the internal structure of which is described here for the first time. Thus, the hyoid suspension in birds differs fundamentally from that in mammals.This study is the first to examine all biomechanically functioning structural elements that are part of the galliform lingual apparatus in a systematic and comprehensive manner. It also provides a set of novel characters that may be useful for future comparative studies in evolutionary and functional morphology.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001860302
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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