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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Respiration Strategies Utilized by the Gill Endosymbiont from the Host Lucinid Codakia orbicularis (Bivalvia: Lucinidae)
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2004
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 70, No. 7 ( 2004-07), p. 4144-4150
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 70, No. 7 ( 2004-07), p. 4144-4150
    Abstract: The large tropical lucinid clam Codakia orbicularis has a symbiotic relationship with intracellular, sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria. The respiration strategies utilized by the symbiont were explored using integrative techniques on mechanically purified symbionts and intact clam-symbiont associations along with habitat analysis. Previous work on a related symbiont species found in the host lucinid Lucinoma aequizonata showed that the symbionts obligately used nitrate as an electron acceptor, even under oxygenated conditions. In contrast, the symbionts of C. orbicularis use oxygen as the primary electron acceptor while evidence for nitrate respiration was lacking. Direct measurements obtained by using microelectrodes in purified symbiont suspensions showed that the symbionts consumed oxygen; this intracellular respiration was confirmed by using the redox dye CTC (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride). In the few intact chemosymbioses tested in previous studies, hydrogen sulfide production was shown to occur when the animal-symbiont association was exposed to anoxia and elemental sulfur stored in the thioautotrophic symbionts was proposed to serve as an electron sink in the absence of oxygen and nitrate. However, this is the first study to show by direct measurements using sulfide microelectrodes in enriched symbiont suspensions that the symbionts are the actual source of sulfide under anoxic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4144-4150.2004
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Denitrification and Nitrogen Fixation Dynamics in the Area Surrounding an Individual Ghost Shrimp (Neotrypaea californiensis) Burrow System
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78, No. 11 ( 2012-06), p. 3864-3872
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 11 ( 2012-06), p. 3864-3872
    Abstract: Bioturbated sediments are thought of as areas of increased denitrification or fixed-nitrogen (N) loss; however, recent studies have suggested that not all N may be lost from these environments, with some N returning to the system via microbial dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation. We investigated denitrification and N 2 fixation in an intertidal lagoon (Catalina Harbor, CA), an environment characterized by bioturbation by thalassinidean shrimp ( Neotrypaea californiensis ). Field studies were combined with detailed measurements of denitrification and N 2 fixation surrounding a single ghost shrimp burrow system in a narrow aquarium (15 cm by 20 cm by 5 cm). Simultaneous measurements of both activities were performed on samples taken within a 1.5-cm grid for a two-dimensional illustration of their intensity and distribution. These findings were then compared with rate measurements performed on bulk environmental sediment samples collected from the lagoon. Results for the aquarium indicated that both denitrification and N 2 fixation have a patchy distribution surrounding the burrow, with no clear correlation to each other, sediment depth, or distance from the burrow. Field denitrification rates were, on average, lower in a bioturbated region than in a seemingly nonbioturbated region; however, replicates showed very high variability. A comparison of denitrification field results with previously reported N 2 fixation rates from the same lagoon showed that in the nonbioturbated region, depth-integrated (10 cm) denitrification rates were higher than integrated N 2 fixation rates (∼9 to 50 times). In contrast, in the bioturbated sediments, depending on the year and bioturbation intensity, some (∼6.2%) to all of the N lost via denitrification might be accounted for via N 2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00114-12
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Heterogeneity of Bacterial Populations along an Environmental Gradient at a Shallow Submarine Hydrothermal Vent near Milos Island (Greece)
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 65, No. 9 ( 1999-09), p. 3834-3842
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 65, No. 9 ( 1999-09), p. 3834-3842
    Abstract: The spatial heterogeneity of bacterial populations at a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the Aegean Sea close to the island of Milos (Greece) was examined at two different times by using acridine orange staining for total cell counts, cultivation-based techniques, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. Concurrent with measurements of geochemical parameters, samples were taken along a transect from the center of the vent to the surrounding area. Most-probable-number (MPN) counts of metabolically defined subpopulations generally constituted a minor fraction of the total cell counts; both counting procedures revealed the highest cell numbers in a transition zone from the strongly hydrothermally influenced sediments to normal sedimentary conditions. Total cell counts ranged from 3.2 × 10 5 cells ml −1 in the water overlying the sediments to 6.4 × 10 8 cells g (wet weight) of sediment −1 . MPN counts of chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria varied between undetectable and 1.4 × 10 6 cells g −1 . MPN counts for sulfate-reducing bacteria and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria ranged from 8 to 1.4 × 10 5 cells g −1 and from undetectable to 1.4 × 10 6 cells g −1 , respectively. DGGE revealed a trend from a diverse range of bacterial populations which were present in approximately equal abundance in the transition zone to a community dominated by few populations close to the center of the vent. Temperature was found to be an important parameter in determining this trend. However, at one sampling time this trend was not discernible, possibly due to storm-induced disturbance of the upper sediment layers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.65.9.3834-3842.1999
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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