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  • OceanRep  (2)
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Years
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Subtropical western boundary currents are warm, fast-flowing currents that form on the western side of ocean basins. They carry warm tropical water to the mid-latitudes and vent large amounts of heat and moisture to the atmosphere along their paths, affecting atmospheric jet streams and mid-latitude storms, as well as ocean carbon uptake1, 2, 3, 4. The possibility that these highly energetic currents might change under greenhouse-gas forcing has raised significant concerns5, 6, 7, but detecting such changes is challenging owing to limited observations. Here, using reconstructed sea surface temperature datasets and century-long ocean and atmosphere reanalysis products, we find that the post-1900 surface ocean warming rate over the path of these currents is two to three times faster than the global mean surface ocean warming rate. The accelerated warming is associated with a synchronous poleward shift and/or intensification of global subtropical western boundary currents in conjunction with a systematic change in winds over both hemispheres. This enhanced warming may reduce the ability of the oceans to absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide over these regions. However, uncertainties in detection and attribution of these warming trends remain, pointing to a need for a long-term monitoring network of the global western boundary currents and their extensions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-09-29
    Description: Highlights • DGT is a feasible technique for simultaneous measurement of REEs in soils. • REE elution efficiencies ranged from 86.5% to 93.8% using 2 M HCl. • DGT uptake was independent of solution pH (3–9) and ionic strength (3 mM- 100 mM). • Chelex®100 DGT had capacities of 5.39–6.75 μg cm−2 for measurement of mixed REEs. A new method for simultaneous measurement of fifteen rare earth elements (REEs) [La (Ⅲ), Ce (Ⅲ), Pr (Ⅲ), Nd (Ⅲ), Sm (Ⅲ), Eu (Ⅲ), Gd (Ⅲ), Tb (Ⅲ), Dy (Ⅲ), Ho (Ⅲ), Er (Ⅲ), Tm (Ⅲ), Yb (Ⅲ), Lu (Ⅲ), and Y (Ⅲ)] was established in this study using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique with Chelex®100 binding gel. Five different types of ion exchange resins (Chelex®100, D418, D001-cc, 001 × 7, and HSTY®-SS) were selected for the initial investigation of their adsorption performance for REEs. The Chelex®100 binding gel had the greatest uptake efficiencies of 〉95% for the fifteen REE ions, which was used for all subsequent experiments. The binding gel exhibited rapid binding dynamics to REEs in mixed solution of the fifteen REE ions. Elution efficiencies ranging from 86.5% to 93.8% for these REEs were obtained based on extraction using 2.0 M HCl. The Chelex®100 DGT uptake of the fifteen REE ions increased linearly with the deployment time and found to be independent of pH (3–9) and ionic strength (3 mM–100 mM). The capacities of Chelex®100 DGT for measurement of the mixed elements were determined at a range of 5.39–6.75 μg cm−2. Application of the DGT for soil analysis showed that Chelex®100 DGT was a useful tool in simultaneous measurement of the fifteen REE ions, even in a soil with high concentrations of REEs. This study demonstrated the advantage of Chelex®100 DGT in simultaneous measurement of the fifteen REE ions due to high uptake efficiencies and a wide tolerance to environmental interference.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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