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  • 1
    In: Journal of geophysical research. C, Oceans, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1978, 116(2011), 2169-9291
    In: volume:116
    In: year:2011
    Description / Table of Contents: There is an incomplete description of the middepth circulation and its link to the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the eastern tropical South Pacific. Subsurface currents of the OMZ in the eastern tropical South Pacific are investigated with a focus at 400 m depth, close to the core of the OMZ, using several acoustic Doppler current profiler sections recorded in January and February 2009. Five profiling floats with oxygen sensors were deployed along 85°50′W in February 2009 with a drift depth at 400 m. Their spreading paths are compared with the model flow field from a 1/10° tropical Pacific model (TROPAC01) and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) model. Overall the mean currents in the eastern tropical South Pacific are weak so that eddy variability influences the flow and ultimately feeds oxygen-poor water to the OMZ. The center of the OMZ is a stagnant area so that floats stay much longer in this region and can even reverse direction. In one case, one float deployed at 8°S, returned to the same location after 15 months. On the northern side of the OMZ in the equatorial current system, floats move rapidly to the west. Most current bands reported for the near-surface layer exist also in the depth range of the OMZ. A schematic circulation flow field for the OMZ core depth is derived which shows the northern part of the South Pacific subtropical gyre south of the OMZ and the complicated zonal equatorial flow field north of the OMZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 2169-9291
    Language: English
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  • 2
    In: Geophysical research letters, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1974, 35(2008), 1944-8007
    In: volume:35
    In: year:2008
    In: extent:6
    Description / Table of Contents: A new version of SODA, which covers the time period 19582005, is used to analyze decadal variability of the Pacific Subtropical Cell (STC) circulation. The analysis is based on transport time series across 9 S and 9 N. At the interannual time scale, STC convergence anomalies decrease during El Ninos and increase during La Ninas through Sverdrup transport convergence changes. At decadal time scales, the assimilation shows a reduction of interior STC convergence of about 8 Sv from the 1960s to the 1990s and a subsequent rebound into the early 2000s by a similar amount, in agreement with the STC tendencies reported earlier from geostrophic section analysis, and associated with the occurrence and intensity of ENSO events among the decades analyzed. The results are compared with, and differ significantly from, those obtained by the German ECCO (GECCO) assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 6 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1944-8007
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Subtropical western boundary currents are warm, fast-flowing currents that form on the western side of ocean basins. They carry warm tropical water to the mid-latitudes and vent large amounts of heat and moisture to the atmosphere along their paths, affecting atmospheric jet streams and mid-latitude storms, as well as ocean carbon uptake1, 2, 3, 4. The possibility that these highly energetic currents might change under greenhouse-gas forcing has raised significant concerns5, 6, 7, but detecting such changes is challenging owing to limited observations. Here, using reconstructed sea surface temperature datasets and century-long ocean and atmosphere reanalysis products, we find that the post-1900 surface ocean warming rate over the path of these currents is two to three times faster than the global mean surface ocean warming rate. The accelerated warming is associated with a synchronous poleward shift and/or intensification of global subtropical western boundary currents in conjunction with a systematic change in winds over both hemispheres. This enhanced warming may reduce the ability of the oceans to absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide over these regions. However, uncertainties in detection and attribution of these warming trends remain, pointing to a need for a long-term monitoring network of the global western boundary currents and their extensions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 35 (L10607).
    Publication Date: 2017-11-08
    Description: A new version of SODA, which covers the time period 1958–2005, is used to analyze decadal variability of the Pacific Subtropical Cell (STC) circulation. The analysis is based on transport time series across 9°S and 9°N. At the interannual time scale, STC convergence anomalies decrease during El Niños and increase during La Niñas through Sverdrup transport convergence changes. At decadal time scales, the assimilation shows a reduction of interior STC convergence of about 8 Sv from the 1960s to the 1990s and a subsequent rebound into the early 2000s by a similar amount, in agreement with the STC tendencies reported earlier from geostrophic section analysis, and associated with the occurrence and intensity of ENSO events among the decades analyzed. The results are compared with, and differ significantly from, those obtained by the German ECCO (GECCO) assimilation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96 (2015): 921–938, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00117.1.
    Description: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Niño events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realization that ENSO’s impacts can be highly sensitive to this event-to-event diversity is driving a renewed interest in the subject. This paper surveys our current state of knowledge of ENSO diversity, identifies key gaps in understanding, and outlines some promising future research directions.
    Description: AC acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation for this study.
    Description: 2015-12-01
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Climate Change 2 (2012): 161-166, doi:10.1038/nclimate1353.
    Description: Subtropical western boundary currents are warm, fast flowing currents that form on the western side of ocean basins. They carry warm tropical water to the mid-latitudes and vent large amounts of heat and moisture to the atmosphere along their paths, affecting atmospheric jet streams and mid-latitude storms, as well as ocean carbon uptake. The possibility that these highly energetic and nonlinear currents might change under greenhouse gas forcing has raised significant concerns, but detecting such changes is challenging owing to limited observations. Here, using reconstructed sea surface temperature datasets and newly developed century-long ocean and atmosphere reanalysis products, we find that the post-1900 surface ocean warming rate over the path of these currents is two to three times faster than the global mean surface ocean warming rate. The accelerated warming is associated with a synchronous poleward shift and/or intensification of global subtropical western boundary currents in conjunction with a systematic change in winds over both hemispheres. This enhanced warming may reduce ocean's ability to absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide over these regions. However, uncertainties in detection and attribution of these warming trends remain, pointing to a need for a long-term monitoring network of the global western boundary currents and their extensions.
    Description: This work is supported by China National Key Basic Research Project (2007CB411800) and National Natural Science Foundation Projects (40788002, 40921004). WC is supported by the Australian Climate Change Science program and the Southeast Australia Climate Initiative. HN is supported in part by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology through Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas #2205 and by the Japanese Ministry of Environment through Global Environment Research Fund (S-5). MJM is supported by NOAA’s Climate Program Office.
    Description: 2012-07-29
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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