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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Standing stock and size composition of the zooplankton comunity (〉100 μm) were studied in four depth strata of the upper 200 m of the water column during a “Meteor” cruise to the central Red Sea and Gulf of Aden in spring 1987. The central Red Sea was divided into a northern area of higher salinity and a less saline southern part. Both areas exhibited significant differences in zooplankton abundance and standing stock. The latter increased by the ratio 1:2:3 from the northern central Red Sea to its southern part and further south to the Gulf of Aden. For size structure analysis samples were fractionated into three size classes (100 to 300, 300 to 500, 500 to 5000 μm). In the central Red Sea the smallest size was dominant whereas in the Gulf of Aden the largest size fraction played a greater relative role than in the central Red Sea. This shift in size structure of the zooplankton community from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden is apparently primarily related to ecosystem difference between both areas, leading to a change in species composition. In addition, size reduction of individual species common to both seas may be of some significance in the extreme environment of the Red Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 174 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 137 pp.
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 140 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 105 pp.
    Publication Date: 2016-04-18
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 180 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 200 pp.
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: The marine microcopepod family Oncaeidae in the Red Sea has been the subject of comprehensive ecological studies over the past 15 years, providing for the first time insights into their community structure, vertical distribution and feeding ecology. Owing to taxonomic problems in species identification, however, many of the earlier ecological results were based on provisionally named species or morphotypes. A recent, ongoing taxonomic study of Red Sea Oncaeidae resulted in a considerable increase in the estimated numbers of species, since many of the species had not been described before. The present paper focuses on the potential significance of an improved taxonomic resolution of oncaeids with respect to various ecological aspects in this area, such as indicator species, community analysis and vertical distribution. The progress in our knowledge of the diversity of Red Sea Oncaeidae is summarized, including latest findings on the taxonomy and zoogeography of very small species (〈0.5 mm), and the importance of sibling species in the family is pointed out. The south–north gradient in species diversity of Oncaeidae within the Red Sea appears to be greater than previously assumed, since several of the newly described species were restricted to the southern part. The number of endemic species among Red Sea oncaeids is very low, however, most of the new species being also recorded outside the Red Sea. New quantitative data on the abundance and vertical distribution of selected oncaeid siblings obtained during a recent cruise in the northern Red Sea are provided to exemplify the changes in the knowledge of oncaeid community structure attributable to the improved taxonomic resolution. The potential ecological importance of a more differentiated consideration of oncaeid species in marine microcopepod communities is discussed
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: This data volume presents a series of planktological observations carried out over a 19-year-period in Kiel Bight in the Western Baltic Sea. Three fixed stations (Boknis Eck: 1957 - 1975, Fehmarnbalt: 1951 - 1960, Breitgrund: 1960 - 1971) were visited at monthly intervals, and the plankton standing stock was investigated in relation to depth and environmental factors, employing a standard observation programme. This consisted in the measurement of temperature, salinity, (density), oxygen, (oxygen saturation), total phosphorus, PO4-phosphorus, seston, protein and chlorophyll a. Additional measurements comprised the caloric content of seston, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (Boknis Eck: 1973 - 75), as well at dry weight and organic matter of p1ankton, sampled by vertical hauls of three plankton nets of different mesh size: 55 µm, 100 µm and 300 µm {Boknis Eck: 1963 - 75).
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: Im August 1966 wurden zwischen Cuxhaven und Edinburgh 39 Oberflachenproben in 10 sm Abstand und 17 Tiefenproben auf 5 Vertikalstationen entnommen. Es wurden die Verteilung von Temperatur, Salzgehalt, Trübung, Gelbstoff-, Chlorophyll a- und Eiweißgehalt und die Artenzusammensetzung des größeren Phytoplanktons untersucht. Folgende Wassermassen wurden beobachtet: 1. Das Wasser der Deutschen Bucht mit hohen Werten für die Trübung, den Gelbstoff-, Chlorophyll- und Eiweißgehalt. Das Phytoplankton ist durch den Reichtum an Diatomeen mit der vorherrschenden Art Rhizosolenia imbricata var. shrubsolei gekennzeichnet. 2. Das salzreiche Doggerbankwasser atlantischer Herkunft, das sehr niedrige Werte für die untersuchten biologischen Faktoren aufweist. Neben den Diatomeen werden Dinoflagellaten häufig. 3. Das Britannische Ostktüstenwasser mit einem leicht erhöhten Gelbstoffgehalt aber sonst ebenfalls sehr niedrigen Werten für Trübung, Chlorophyll a und Eiweiß. Die Kieselalgen sind von Peridineen abgelöst worden. Die Leitform ist Ceratium furca. Der Küsteneinfluß ist an der schottischen Küste sehr viel geringer als in der Deutschen Bucht. Die niedrigen Chlorophyll- und Eiweißwerte in der offenen Nordsee kennzeichnen das sommerliche Minimum in der Planktonentwicklung.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-04-26
    Description: Anhand von zwei käuflichen Präparaten wird die Extinktion von Chlorophyll a in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln untersucht und daraus der Extinktionskoeffizient für frisch extrahiertes, ungetrocknetes Chlorophyll a in Methanol abgeleitet. Er beträgt für das rote Extinktionsmaximum bei 665 nm 75.0 l/g cm. Die Extinktionskoeffizienten von getrocknetem Chlorophyll a sind in den untersuchten Lösungsmitteln 10-25% niedriger als die von einer frisch extrahierten Chlorophyllösung (Tabelle 2). Die Messung des Chlorophyll a-Gehaltes kann mit hinreichender Genauigkeit in einem Filterphotometer (ELKO II, Zeiss) ausgeführt werden. Hierzu werden Eichkurven für drei verschiedene Interferenzfilter angegeben. From two purchasable preparations of crystalline chlorophyll a, the extinction coefficient of undried chlorophyll a in methanol has been calculated as 75.0 l/g cm at the maximum of extinction at 665 nm. The extinction coefficients of dried chlorophyll a in the different solvents tested are 10-25% lower than those of undried chlorophyll a (table 2). Chlorophyll a can be measured in a filter photometer (ELKO II, Zeiss) with sufficient precision. Standard curves for three different interference filters are given.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-04-26
    Description: Die Teilchengrößenanalyse van Detrituspartikeln mit dem Teilchengrößenanalysator TGZ 3 der Firma Zeiss wird ausführlich beschrieben. Nach dieser Methode wurden insgesamt 92 Wasserproben von 6 Stationen in der westlichen Ostsee untersucht und eine Gesamtverteilungskurve für alle Detritusteilchen gebildet. In dem untersuchten Größenbereich zwischen 8 und 60 µ wurden die folgenden Mittelwerte gefunden: Teilchengröße: 17.6 ± 6.5 µ., Teilchenzahl: 1.35 Mill./l, Teilchenvolumen: 5.68 mm3/l, Teilchenoberfläche: 14.91 cm2/l. Es wird gezeigt, daß unter gewissen Voraussetzungen aus der Teilchengrößenverteilung das Detritustrockengewicht einer Wasserprobe errechnet werden kann. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden mit den Detrituswerten verglichen, die aus den gleichzeitig ausgeführten chemischen Analysendaten durch die Differenzbildung Sestongewicht - Planktongewicht (nach dem Eiweiß- und Chlorophyllgehalt) = Detritusgewicht erhalten wurden. The analysis of the size distribution of detritus particles by means of the 'Teilchengrößenanalysator TGZ 3, Fa. Zeiss' is described in detail. 92 water samples collected at 6 stations in the western Baltic were analysed by this method. A total size spectrum for all counted particles is formed. in the investigated size group ranging from 8 to 60 µ average values were found as follows: particle size: 17.6 ± 6.5 µ, particle number: 1.35 mill./l, particle volume: 5.68 mm3/l, particle surface: 14.91 cm2/l. It is shown, with some assumptions, that the dry weight of detritus particles present in a water sample can be calculated from their size frequency. The obtained results are compared with parallel values derived from chemical analysis of the same samples as follows: seston weight - plankton weight (derived from albumen and chlorophyll content) = detritus weight.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: Die Sestonbestimmung hat den Vorteil, eine einfache, vielseitig anwendbare Methode in der biologischen Meereskunde zu sein. Ihre Genauigkeit hängt in erster Linie von der Beschaffenheit des Filtermaterials, der Größe der Filter und den Wägebedingungen ab. In diesem Zusammenhang werden drei Filtersorten miteinander verglichen: Papierfilter (Schleicher & Schüll 575), Sartorius-Membranfilter (SM 11304) und Glasfaserfilter (Whatman GF/C). Die Glasfaserfilter wurden hierbei, soweit bekannt, zum ersten Mal für die Sestonbestimmung benutzt. In der Filtrationsleistung sind sie den Membranfiltern vergleichbar. Aus voneinander unabhängigen Doppelbestimmungen wird die Standardabweichung der Methode bei der Verwendung der verschiedenen Filtersorten ermittelt. Die größte Genauigkeit erreichten Whatman-Glasfaserfilter (⌀ 2,5 cm) mit ± 0,15 mg auf der 95% Wahrscheinlichkeitsebene. Zum Schluß wird eine neue Filtationsapparatur beschrieben und eine ausführliche Arbeitsvorschrift gegeben. Seston determination has the advantage of being a simple method with a wide range of application in biological oceanography. Its accuracy depends mainly on the quality of the filter material, the size of the filters and the weighing conditions. Under these aspects three filter types are compared: paper filters (Schleicher& Schüll 575), Sartorius membrane filters (SM 11304) and glassfibre filters (Whatman GF/C). The glassfibre filters have been used here, as far as is known, for the first time for seston determination. Their filtration efficiency is comparable to that of the membrane filters. By means of independent double determinations the standard deviation of the method shown by the three filter types tested is calculated. The highest accuracy was attained by Whatman glassfibre filters (⌀ 2.5 cm) with ± 0.15 mg on the 95% probability level. Finally, a new filtration apparatus is described and detailed directions for determining seston given.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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