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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 351 (1995), S. 343-344 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 123 (1996), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Schlagwort(e): quality ; improvement ; organotins ; environment ; interlaboratory studies ; certified reference materials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract One of the major prerequisites for the certification of various analytes in different Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) is that the analytical methods used are of verified performance and, hence, that no systematic errors have been left undetected. In the case of difficult measurements, research and feasibility studies are often necessary to ensure that the methods are operating under good quality control. The EC Standards Measurements and Testing Programme (SMT, formerly BCR) usually follows a step-by-step approach which consists in series of interlaboratory studies to assess and improve the quality of measurements prior to certification by comparing different analytical techniques. A programme following such stepwise approach has started in 1987 with the aim of improving the quality of butyltin determinations in environmental matrices. The project involved ca. 20 laboratories from different Member States of the European Union. The first interlaboratory study dealt with simple solutions containing mixtures of organotin compounds and a second exercise focused on the analysis of a tributyltin-spiked sediment. These exercises were continued by two certifications on butyltins in sediment, the first of which could not be successfully concluded owing to the high spread of results observed between the results of different techniques. The second certification allowed a CRM certified for its contents of di- and tributyltin (CRM 462) to be produced. This programme on Sn speciation is now focusing on the certification of butyltin and phenyltin compounds in candidate CRMs of mussel and sediment. This paper gives an account of the step-by-step approach followed and presents the results of the two certification exercises carried out so far. The preparation of the mussel candidate CRM is also described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Schlagwort(e): certified reference material ; mussel ; organotin ; homogeneity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Organotin compounds are currently determined in various environmental matrices (in particular water, sediment and shellfish) to form the basis of control measures for the levels of contamination, as required in some EC Directives. Accurate measurements are a prerequisite for the enforcement of this legislation, which implies that good quality control of determinations should be ensured. One of the tools for achieving accuracy is to use certified reference materials (CRMs). With regard to tin species, however, CRMs are rather scarce and mainly concern sediment and fish matrices certified for their butyltin content. The present study deals with the preparation of a mussel candidate reference material and the verification of its homogeneity prior to the certification of the contents of butyl- and phenyl-tin compounds. 100kg of mussels (Mytilus edulis) were collected, carefully washed with fresh water in order to eliminate matrix salts and immediately frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen. The mussels were shelled (in the frozen state) and the edible part was stored in thermally sealed polyethylene bags which were stored at −25 °C. The frozen material was ground in a Teflon-coated grinding mill, spread on sterilized flat trays and freeze-dried. The freeze-dried material was then ground for 15 days in a zirconia ball mill and sieved on a titanium sieve to separate the fibrous part. Successively, the material was mixed for 15 days under argon atmosphere in a special polyethylene-lined mixing drum and bottled in brown Pyrex-glass bottles. 21 bottles were selected during the course of the bottling procedure to verify the within- and between-bottle homogeneity of the overall batch. The within-bottle homogeneity was verified by determining the organotin (butyl- and phenyltins) content for subsamples of 500 mg in ten replicates from one bottle, whereas the between-bottle homogeneity was controlled by one organotin measurement from each of 20 bottles. The analyses were performed by GC-MS. The results showed that the homogeneity of the material makes it suitable as a candidate reference material.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 6 (1994), S. 1087-1093 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Schlagwort(e): Selenium ; Stripping voltammetry ; Medium exchange ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric method for the determination of Se(IV) is described. The method is based on the detection of the piazselenol complex formed by Se(IV) with 2,3-diamino naphthalene (2,3 DAN) at pH 2 (0.01 mol L-1 HC1 + 0.1 mol L-1 KC1). The method is based on a medium-exchange scheme and a carbon paste electrode (CPE). The preconcentration step is carried out at open circuit, and then the complex is stripped out by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) after medium exchange (0.1 mol L-1 HNO2 + 0.1 mol L-1 KNO3 where the working electrode is transferred). The method is characterized by a precision better than 8% and a limit of quantitation (10 times the standard deviation of the blank) of 1.25 × 10-7 mol L-1 (for 20 minutes of preconcentration time). The use of CPE coupled with the medium-exchange scheme reduces the interferences (especially by different classes of surfactants) and improves the selectivity (much better than in the usual cathodic stripping voltammetry on mercury).
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): Organotin ; identification ; mixed methylbutyl forms ; monophenyltin ; crosscomparison ; mis-interpretation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Biogeochemical pathways of tin species in the environment are still controversial, e.g. with regard to methylation and transmethylation phenomena, owing to the fact that the identification of methylated tin-compounds is often difficult. The previous tentative identification of a mixed methylbutyltin compound in sediment and biological samples by GC/AAS after hydride generation gave an illustration of this problem. This compound was previously identified in sediments by other authors and also suspected to occur in a contaminated sediment sample from the Boyardville Marina, France. The retention time obtained by GC/AAS corresponded to the actual retention time of a mixed methylbutyltin calibrant. However, additional checks demonstrated that the compound detected was actually monophenyltin. This evidence was produced by a thorough analysis of a selected sediment sample by alternative techniques such as GC/AAS and GC/AES after pentylation, GC/FPD and GC/MS. The results presented highlight the need for a full identification of compounds to avoid mis-interpretation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 563-570 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): Methylmercury ; human hair ; capillary GC-electron capture detection ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An analytical procedure was developed for the determination of methylmercury in human hair using capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Hair samples are digested in alkaline solution/toluene in an ultrasonic bath at about 50°C. After cooling and treatment with hydrochloric acid (6 mol I-1) and a saturated solution of copper sulphate, the organic phase is extracted with a cysteine solution. Methylmercury is back-extracted in toluene by adding copper sulphate and potassium bromide and analysed by GC-ECD using a DB17 capillary column. The practical detection limit of the method for methylmercury is 50 ng g-1 using 100 mg of hair sample. Column performances and injection reproducibility have been evaluated. Results on 13 samples of human hair are presented and related to the total mercury concentration. The method, consisting of the optimization of similar analytical procedures through improvements in the various steps, allows for sensitive and reliable quantitation of methylmercury in hair with good precision and accuracy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-04-01
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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