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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petrology of Lower Cretaceous carbonate mud mounds (Albian, N. Spain): insights into organomineralic deposits of the geological record (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 46 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The process of organomineralization is increasingly well understood with respect to modern carbonate sediments accumulating adjacent to tropical reef atolls and reef caves. Mineralization related to non-living organic substrates results in autochthonous micrite production (‘automicrites’). ‘Automicrites’ are the main constructive element of Lower Cretaceous (Albian) carbonate mud mounds in northern Spain. These slope mud mounds occur within transgressive and early highstand system tracts encompassing several macrobenthic ecological zones. They are clearly separated from the biocalcifying carbonate factory (Urgonian carbonate platforms), in both space and time. Within these build-ups, most ‘automicrites’ were initially indurated and accreted to form a medium-relief growth framework. ‘Automicrites’ have a uniform, presumably high-Mg-calcite precursor mineralogy. They show an inorganic stable-isotope signature (∂13C around +3·3‰) within the range of early marine cements, and skeletal compounds lacking major vital effects. Epifluorescence microscopy shows that they have facies-specific fluorescence, which is similar to skeletal compounds of Acanthochaetetes, but clearly different from allomicritic sediment and cements, which are mostly non-fluorescent. The EDTA-soluble intracrystalline organic fraction (SIOF) of Albian automicrites shows an amino acid spectrum that is similar to shallow subsurface samples from their modern counterparts. Gel electrophoresis of the SIOF demonstrates an exclusively acidic character, and a mean molecular size range between 20 and 30 kDa. Experiments in vitro (inhibition tests) indicate that the SIOF has a significant Ca2+-binding capacity. Fluorescence and chemical characteristics of SIOF point to a main substance class, such as humic and fulvic acids, compounds that form from pristine organic matter during early diagenesis. Biomarker analyses provide evidence for the crucial role of biodegradation by heterotrophic microorganisms, but no biomarker for cyanobacteria has been found. Primary sources of organic material should have been manifold, including major contributions by metazoans such as sponges. It is concluded that many carbonate mud mounds are essentially organomineralic in origin and that the resulting fabric of polygenetic muds (‘polymuds’) may represent ancestral metazoan reef ecosystems, which possibly originated during the Neoproterozoic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1999.00255.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Casuistik der Embolie der Darm-Arterien (1899)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 156 (1899), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01883127
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane formation from long-chain alkanes by anaerobic microorganisms (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 266-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Biological formation of methane is the terminal process of biomass degradation in aquatic habitats where oxygen, nitrate, ferric iron and sulphate have been depleted as electron acceptors. The pathway leading from dead biomass to methane through the metabolism of anaerobic bacteria and archaea ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/45777
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uranium anomaly in Black Sea sediments (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 269 (1977), S. 566-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The upper 90 cm of Black Sea basin sediment with an aereal extension of 2.96 × 105 km2 has an U3O8 content of 6.7 × 106 tonnes. Plankton is the prime agent for uranium fixation. Reducing conditions at depth permit ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/269566a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic oxidation of short-chain hydrocarbons by marine sulphate-reducing bacteria (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 449 (2007), S. 898-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The short-chain hydrocarbons ethane, propane and butane are constituents of natural gas. They are usually assumed to be of thermochemical origin, but biological formation of ethane and propane has been also observed. Microbial utilization of short-chain hydrocarbons has been shown in some ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06200
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of a high molecular weight aliphatic ether – indications of an unusual biodegradation pathway (1999)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 10 (1999), S. 383-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: aliphatic ether ; biodegradation pathway ; high molecular weight organic compound ; internal oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An aliphatic ether (1-phytanyl-1-octadecanyl-ether) of high molecular weight was used as a sole carbon source in degradation experiments with different aerobic bacteria. The enriched culture B5, obtained from fuel contaminated soils, was able to degrade the substance for more than 90%. A culture of Rhodococcus ruber was similarly effective. Detailed investigation of the metabolites allowed us to characterize an unusual degradation pathway via a mid-chain oxidation mechanism (`internal oxidative pathway'). Obviously, formation of intermediate alkenes mainly at the unbranched side chain was a prerequisite for bacterial degradation of the added substrate. Degradation proceeded – in spite of the usually preferred terminal oxidation – via oxidation of the internal double bond and was followed by an ester cleavage. In turn, a series of alcohols was formed which were subsequently oxidized to the respective carboxylic acids and were further metabolized via the normal β-oxidation pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008375300828
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene and methane in the upper water column of the subtropical Atlantic (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 44 (1999), S. 73-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Atlantic ; ethylene ; methane ; sea-air exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The vertical distributions of ethylene and methane in the upper water column of the subtropical Atlantic were measured along a transect from Madeira to the Caribbean and compared with temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Methane concentrations between 41.6 and 60.7 nL L-1 were found in the upper 20 m of the water column giving a calculated average flux of methane into the atmosphere of 0.82 μg m-2 h-1. Methane profiles reveal several distinct maxima in the upper 500 m of the water column and short-time variations which are presumably partly related to the vertical migration of zooplankton. Ethylene concentrations in near surface waters varied in the range of 1.8 to 8.2 nL L-1. Calculated flux rates for ethylene into the atmosphere were in the range of 0.41 to 1.35 μg m-2 h-1 with a mean of 0.83 μg m-2 h-1. Maximum concentrations of up to 39.2 nL L-1 were detected directly below the pycnocline in the western Atlantic. The vertical distributions of ethylene generally showed one maximum at the pycnocline (about 100 m depth) where elevated concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients were also found; no ethylene was detected below 270 m depth. This suggests that ethylene release is mainly related to one, probably phytoplankton associated, source, while for methane, enhanced net production occurs at various depth horizons. For surface waters, a simple correlation between ethylene and chlorophyll-a or DOC concentrations could not be observed. No considerable diurnal variation was observed for the distribution and concentration of ethylene in the upper water column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006090917059
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene and methane in the upper water column of the subtropical Atlantic (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 44 (1999), S. 73-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Atlantic ; ethylene ; methane ; sea-air exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The vertical distributions of ethylene and methane in the upper water column of the subtropical Atlantic were measured along a transect from Madeira to the Caribbean and compared with temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Methane concentrations between 41.6 and 60.7 nL L−1 were found in the upper 20 m of the water column giving a calculated average flux of methane into the atmosphere of 0.82μg m−2 h−1. Methane profiles reveal several distinct maxima in the upper 500 m of the water column and short-time variations which are presumably partly related to the vertical migration of Zooplankton. Ethylene concentrations in near surface waters varied in the range of 1.8 to 8.2 nL L−1. Calculated flux rates for ethylene into the atmosphere were in the range of 0.41 to 1.35μg m−2 h−1 with a mean of 0.83μg m−2h−2. Maximum concentrations of up to 39.2 nL L−2 were detected directly below the pycnocline in the western Atlantic. The vertical distributions of ethylene generally showed one maximum at the pycnocline (about 100 m depth) where elevated concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients were also found; no ethylene was detected below 270 m depth. This suggests that ethylene release is mainly related to one, probably phytoplankton associated, source, while for methane, enhanced net production occurs at various depth horizons. For surface waters, a simple correlation between ethylene and chlorophyll-a or DOC concentrations could not be observed. No considerable diurnal variation was observed for the distribution and concentration of ethylene in the upper water column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992999
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cis- und trans-3.3′-Dimethoxy-5.5′-di-tert.-butyl-diphenochinon-(4.4′) (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 220-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: cis- and trans-3.3′-Dimethoxy-5.5′-di-tert-butyldiphenoquinone-(4.4′)The two geometric isomers of 3.3′-dimethoxy-5.5′-di-tert-butyldiphenoquinone-(4.4′) (1) were isolated. The configurational assignment was made on the basis of n.m.r. spectra and the X-ray diffraction pattern from single crystals. The free enthalpy of activation for the cis/trans-isomerisation was determined. -p-Diphenoquinones with different substituents in both rings, which were needed as model compounds, could be prepared for the first time.
    Notes: Die beiden geometrischen Isomeren des 3.3′-Dimethoxy-5.5′-di-tert.-butyl-diphenochinons-(4.4′) (1) wurden isoliert. Die Konfigurationszuordnung gelang anhand der NMR-Spektren sowie von Einkristall-Röntgenaufnahmen. Die Freie Aktivierungsenthalpie der cis/trans-Isomerisierung wurde bestimmt. -p-Diphenochinone mit verschiedenen Substituenten in beiden Ringen, als Vergleichssubstanzen benötigt, konnten erstmals dargestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19711040127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramolekulare Umlagerung der 5-Amino-1,2,3-triazole (1927)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 459 (1927), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19274590104
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