Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 River Basins of India and Water Resources -- 1.1 River Systems -- 1.1.1 Himalayan Rivers -- 1.1.2 Coastal Rivers -- 1.1.3 Deccan Rivers -- 1.1.4 Inland Drainage Basins -- 1.2 Classification of Indian River Basin Based on Drainage Area -- 1.3 Water Resources of India -- 1.3.1 Surface Water Resources -- 1.3.2 Ground Water Resources -- References -- 2 Salient Features of the Yamuna River Basin -- 2.1 Tributaries of the Yamuna River -- 2.2 Yamuna River Catchment Area -- 2.3 Water Allocation -- 2.4 Uses of Yamuna River Water -- 2.4.1 Abstractive Uses -- 2.4.1.1 Domestic Water Supplies -- 2.4.1.2 Irrigation -- 2.4.1.3 Western Yamuna Canal (WJC) -- 2.4.1.4 Eastern Yamuna Canal (EJC) -- 2.4.1.5 Agra Canal -- 2.4.1.6 Gurgaon Canal -- 2.4.2 In-Stream Uses -- 2.4.2.1 Hydropower -- 2.4.2.2 Fisheries -- 2.4.2.3 Growing Aquatic Plants -- 2.4.2.4 Navigation -- 2.4.2.5 River Bathing and Washing -- 2.4.2.6 Recreational Uses -- 2.4.2.7 Cattle Bathing and Washing -- 3 Climate of the Basin -- 3.1 Rainfall -- 3.1.1 Average Rainfall -- 3.1.2 Probability Analysis of Annual Rainfall -- 3.1.3 Quantile Estimates of Daily Maximum and Annual Rainfall -- 3.1.4 Onset of Effective Monsoon and Number of Rainydays -- 3.2 Temperature -- 3.3 Wind -- 3.4 Humidity -- 3.5 Evapotranspiration -- 3.6 Aridity Index and Climate Classification -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Pattern Changes in Climatic Variables -- 4.1 Statistical Test for Climatological Data -- 4.1.1 Persistence -- 4.1.2 Trend -- 4.1.2.1 Mann-Kendall Test -- 4.1.2.2 Modified Mann-Kendall Test -- 4.1.2.3 Mann-Kendall Test with Pre-whitening -- 4.1.3 Periodicity -- 4.1.3.1 Statistical Significance Test -- 4.2 Application -- 4.2.1 Data Processing -- 4.3 Results and Discussions -- 4.3.1 Persistence -- 4.3.2 Trend Analysis -- 4.3.3 Periodicity. , 4.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Geomorphology and Geology -- 5.1 Topographic Characteristics -- 5.2 Major Tributaries -- 5.3 Geomorphologic Characteristics -- 5.3.1 Geomorphologic Parameters -- 5.3.1.1 Basin Order and Channel Order -- 5.3.1.2 Basin Area -- 5.3.1.3 Basin Shape -- 5.3.1.4 Basin Slope -- 5.3.1.5 Drainage Basin Similarity -- 5.3.1.6 Drainage Density -- 5.3.2 Determination of Hortons Ratio -- 5.3.2.1 Bifurcation Ratio Rb -- 5.3.2.2 Stream-Length Ratio R1 -- 5.3.2.3 Stream-Area Ratio Ra -- 5.4 Geology of the Basin -- 5.5 Lithology and Hydrogeology of the Basin -- 5.5.1 Himalayan Region -- 5.5.2 National Capital Region (NCR) Region -- 5.5.3 Ken and Betwa Catchment -- 5.5.4 Chambal Catchment -- References -- 6 Soil, Landuse and Agriculture -- 6.1 Soil Classification -- 6.2 Landuse -- 6.2.1 Forests and Protected Areas -- 6.2.2 National Parks and Sanctuaries -- 6.2.3 Biodiversity -- 6.2.3.1 Haryana -- 6.2.3.2 Rajasthan -- 6.2.3.3 Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand -- 6.3 Agriculture in the Basin -- 6.3.1 Agro-climatic Zones -- 6.3.2 Crop Seasons -- 6.3.2.1 Cropping Pattern -- 6.3.2.2 State-Wise Agro-ecosystem -- 6.3.2.3 Cropping Intensity -- 6.4 Irrigation -- 6.5 State-Wise Agriculture -- 6.5.1 Uttar Pradesh -- 6.5.2 Madhya Pradesh -- 6.5.3 Rajasthan -- 6.5.4 Delhi -- 6.5.5 Haryana -- 6.6 Fertilizer and Pesticides Application -- 6.7 Practice of IPM and IPNM -- References -- 7 Socio-economic Status -- 7.1 Demography -- 7.1.1 Urban and Rural Population -- 7.1.2 Population Density -- 7.1.3 Population Growth Rate -- 7.1.4 The Rate of Urbanization -- 7.1.5 Migrants -- 7.2 Sex Ratio -- 7.3 Literacy -- 7.4 Main and Marginal Workers -- 7.4.1 Cultivator and Agricultural Labourer -- 7.5 Health: Vital Statistics -- 7.6 Population Below Poverty Line (BPL) -- 7.7 Human Development Index -- 7.8 Livelihood and Employment -- 7.9 Livestock Population. , 7.10 Water Supply -- 7.10.1 Water Auditing -- 7.10.1.1 Transmission Losses -- 7.10.1.2 Water Conservation -- References -- 8 Water Resources and Water Budgeting -- 8.1 Water Resources Assessment -- 8.1.1 Surface Water Resources -- 8.1.1.1 Surface Water Storage -- 8.1.2 Groundwater Resources -- 8.1.3 Soil Moisture Storage -- 8.2 Water Demand Estimation -- 8.2.1 Agricultural Water Demand -- 8.2.2 Surplus and Deficit Analysis -- 8.3 Flood Hydrograph Estimation for the Catchments -- 8.3.1 Regional Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Technique -- 8.3.2 Geomorphology Based Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Technique -- 8.3.2.1 Derivation of Geomorphologic Unit Hydrograph (GUH) -- 8.3.2.2 The Nash Model -- 8.3.2.3 Geomorphology Based Parameter Estimation of Nashs GIUH -- 8.3.2.4 Application of the GIUH Methodology -- References -- 9 Water Pollution -- 9.1 Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.1 Point Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.1.1 Domestic Pollution -- 9.1.1.2 Industrial Pollution -- 9.1.2 Non Point or Diffused Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.2.1 Agricultural Pollution -- 9.1.3 Dumping of Garbage and Dead Bodies -- 9.1.4 Immersion of Idols -- 9.1.5 Pollution Due to In-Stream Use of Water -- 9.2 Water Quality Issues in Yamuna River -- 9.2.1 High Organic Contents -- 9.2.2 High Nutrients -- 9.2.3 Excessive Presence of Pathogens -- 9.2.4 Accumulation of Pollutants in the Catchment Area -- 9.2.5 Aesthetic Value -- 9.2.6 Deforestation in the Catchment Area -- 9.2.7 Reduction in the Quantity of Water -- 9.2.8 Discharges from Sewage Treatment Plants -- 9.2.9 Role of Barrages -- 9.3 River Segmentation -- 9.4 Water Quality Monitoring -- 9.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water Quality Parameters -- 9.6 Water Quality Standards -- References -- 10 Wastewater Generation and Treatment -- 10.1 Urbanization in the Yamuna Basin -- 10.2 Water Supply and Wastewater Generation. , 10.3 Trends in Sewage Generation and Treatment -- 10.4 Inventory of Water Treatment and Sewage Treatment Plants -- 10.5 Industrial Wastewater Generation, Treatment and Disposal -- 10.6 Pollution Load Generation from Industrial Sources -- 10.7 Wastewater Discharged into the Yamuna -- 10.7.1 Wastewater Discharged from Delhi -- 10.7.1.1 Pollution Load Generation from Domestic Sources in Delhi -- 10.7.1.2 Pollution Load Generation from Industrial Sources -- 10.7.1.3 Pollution Loads Contributed to Yamuna and Agra Canal Through Drains -- 10.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Water Quality Index and Status -- 11.1 Water Quality Index -- 11.1.1 National Sanitation Foundations WQI (NSF-WQI) -- 11.1.1.1 Rating Curve for Fecal Coliform -- 11.1.1.2 Rating Curve for Total Solids -- 11.1.1.3 Rating Curve for Dissolved Oxygen -- 11.1.1.4 Rating Curve for Turbidity -- 11.1.1.5 Rating Curve for pH -- 11.1.1.6 Rating Curve for BOD -- 11.1.1.7 Rating Curve for Nitrate -- 11.1.1.8 Rating Curve for Phosphate -- 11.1.1.9 Rating Curve for Temperature Change -- 11.1.2 Multiplicative NSF-WQI -- 11.1.3 CCME WQI -- 11.1.3.1 Data Requirement -- 11.1.3.2 Calculation of Index -- 11.1.4 WQI -- 11.1.4.1 Formulation of WQI -- 11.1.4.2 Water Quality Rating Curve -- 11.1.4.3 Rating Curve for Radionuclides -- 11.1.4.4 Rating Curve for Heavy Metals -- 11.1.4.5 Rating Curve for EC -- 11.1.4.6 Rating Curve for SO4 -- 11.1.4.7 Rating Curve for Suspended Solids (SS) -- 11.1.4.8 Water Quality Classification -- 11.1.5 Universal WQI Based on European Classification Scheme (UWQI) -- 11.1.5.1 Aggregation Function of UWQI -- 11.1.6 Concluding Remarks on Water Quality Index -- 11.2 Water Quality Status Based on the Data -- 11.2.1 Water Quality Trends in the Yamuna -- 11.2.2 Water Quality Profile of the Yamuna -- 11.2.2.1 Bio-mapping of the Yamuna River. , 11.2.3 Monthly Variation in Water Quality Parameters -- 11.3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12 Environmental Flows -- 12.1 Definition -- 12.2 Methods for Assessment of Environmental Flows -- 12.3 The Tennant Method -- 12.3.1 The Modified Tennant Method -- 12.3.2 Application of Modified Tennant Method -- 12.4 EMC Based Environmental Flow Calculator -- 12.4.1 Establishing Environmental Flow Duration Curve -- 12.4.2 Simulating Continuous Monthly Time Series of Environmental Flows -- 12.4.3 Application of the Methodology -- 12.4.3.1 Paonta Saheb (Origin to Hathinikund reach) -- 12.4.3.2 Kalanaur Site (Hathinikund Barrage to Wazirabad Barrage Reach) -- 12.4.3.3 Delhi Railway Bridge, DRB (Wazirabad to Okhla Reach) -- 12.4.3.4 Agra site (Okhla to Agra Reach) -- 12.4.3.5 Pratappur Site (Agra to Allahabad Reach) -- 12.5 Development of Component Based Environmental Flow Estimator -- 12.5.1 Water Requirement for Assimilation of Polluted River Water -- 12.5.2 Water Required for Evaporation -- 12.5.2.1 Estimation of Evaporation -- 12.5.3 Water Required for Groundwater Conservation -- 12.5.3.1 Estimation of Wetted Perimeter -- 12.5.4 Water Required for Aquatic-Habitat Conservation -- 12.5.5 Application of Methodology -- 12.5.5.1 Data Preparation and Analysis -- 12.6 Comparison of the Approaches -- 12.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13 Cropping Plan for Water Resources Management -- 13.1 Landuse and Agriculture -- 13.2 Parameters of Cropping Pattern -- 13.2.1 Estimation of Crop Water Requirement -- 13.2.2 Suitability of Crops Based on Physical Environment -- 13.2.2.1 Cropping Systems -- 13.3 Identification of Suitable Crop Rotation -- 13.4 Identification of Suitable Cropping Patterns -- 13.5 Water Conservation Under Different Cropping Patterns -- 13.6 Impact of Change in Cropping Patterns on Water Allocation -- 13.7 Concluding Remarks -- References. , Appendix A Salient Feature of Dams in the Yamuna Basin.